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dc.contributor.authorAlves, Bruno José Rodrigues-
dc.date.accessioned2026-08-28T12:44:00Z-
dc.date.available2026-08-28T12:44:00Z-
dc.date.issued1992-04-14-
dc.identifier.citationALVES, Bruno José Rodrigues. Avaliação da mineralização do N do solo in situ. 1992. 202 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Agronomia, Ciências do Solo) - Instituto de Agronomia, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Itaguaí, 1992.pt_BR
dc.identifier.urihttp://rima.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/20.500.14407/26248-
dc.description.abstractA principal reserva potencialmente disponível de N nos solos é a matéria orgânica, que libera este nutriente para as plantas através do processo biológico de mineralização. Contudo, face a taxa de mineralização de N ser diretamente dependente de uma série de fatores edafoclimáticos, este nutriente pode ser limitante também em solos com razoável nível de matéria orgânica. A susceptibilidade do N orgânico a ação destes fatores, torna muito difícil a previsão de sua disponibilidade para a planta. Muitas metodologias tem sido propostas para avaliar a capacidade dos solos em suprir N para as plantas, sendo os métodos biológicos os mais promissores. A utilização de metodologias de incubação in situ, mostra-se mais realística nas estimativas de disponibilidade de N, pelo fato da avaliação ser feita com mínima interferência nos fatores que governam a mineralização do N. Por outro lado, para o trabalho de rotina, as avaliações in situ são muito laboriosas e limitadas para apenas alguns solos. Para tornar mais real as estimativas de laboratório, aplicam-se a elas modelos matemáticos que consideram os efeitos climáticos sobre a disponibilidade do N. Como a quantidade de N liberada no período usado nas metodologias de incubação são, na maioria das vezes, muito pequenas, a redução do erro nas estimativas é conseguida com a utilização de métodos suficientemente sensíveis para determinar o N mineralizado. Também é desejável que o método de determinação seja rápido para evitar o prolongado armazenamento das amostras. A determinação de mínimas quantidades da forma nítrica foi conseguida com sucesso por colorimetria do nitrito, porém para a forma amoniacal, ainda não existia uma metodologia que se enquadrasse nas necessidades deste trabalho. Neste sentido, objetivou-se neste trabalho avaliar a disponibilidade de N do solo através de um método de incubação in vitro e de princípio biológico, cujas estimativas foram feitas a partir de um modelo matemático, e de um método de incubaçào in situ, os quais foram avaliados pela cooperação com o N extraído por uma gramínea. Também desenvolveu-se uma metodologia para determinação de amônio através da técnica de fluxo contínuo (FIA). A determinação de N em extratos do solo com KCl 2M foi melhor obtida pela metodologia colorimétrica do Salicilato, com sensibilidade para 0.05 ugN/ml de extrato e com precisão e exatidão tão boas quanto as obtidas pelo método de destilação a vapor. Na avaliação da disponibilidade de N, quando comparadas a quantidade de N extraída por Panicum maximum, os resultados obtidos pelo modelo foram sensivelmente superestimados, provavelmente pelo pouco peso dado aos coeficientes das equações que descrevem o comportamento da mineralização do N em relação as oscilações de temperatura e umidade. De forma contrária, a metodologia de avaliação in situ proporcionou uma estimativa de N extraído pela planta muito semelhante ao quantificado na própria planta. Este resultado demonstrou que está metodologia é bastante promissora para o estudo da disponibilidade do N, podendo ser utilizada como padrão de comparação para metodologias de laboratório. Contudo, os resultados de campo demonstraram que ainda é necessário que mais estudos sejam feitos para melhor avaliar os efeitos do tempo de incubação e das dimensões das colunas usadas no método, sobre a estimativa da disponibilidade de N obtida.pt_BR
dc.description.sponsorshipConselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPqpt_BR
dc.languageporpt_BR
dc.publisherUniversidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiropt_BR
dc.subjectMineralização do nitrogêniopt_BR
dc.subjectDisponibilidade de nitrogêniopt_BR
dc.subjectIncubação in situpt_BR
dc.subjectNitrogen mineralizationpt_BR
dc.subjectNitrogen availabilitypt_BR
dc.subjectIn situ incubationpt_BR
dc.titleAvaliação da mineralização do N do solo in situpt_BR
dc.title.alternativeAssessment of soil N mineralization in situen
dc.typeDissertaçãopt_BR
dc.description.abstractOtherThe principal reserve of potentially available nitrogen in soil is the organic matter, which liberates this nutrient for plant growth via the biological process of mineralization. As the rate of N mineralization is directly controlled by a series of edaphoclimatic factors, this nutrient can be limiting for plant growth even in soils with reasonable contents of organic matter. The suseptability of organic N to these factors makes the prediction of the availability of N to plants very difficult. Many methdos have been proposed to evaluate the capacity of soils to provide N for plants, and amongst them the biological techniques appear to be the most promising. In situ incubation techniques yield the most realistic estimates of the availability of soil mineral N, as the evaluation is made with a minimum interference with the factors that govern N mineralization. On the other hand, for routine work the In situ techniques are very laborious and limited for use in only some soils. TO adjust laboratory estimates to give more realistic results, mathematical models can be applied which take into consideration climatic effects on soil N availability. As in the majority of cases the quantity of mineral N that is liberated from incubation studies is very small, the reduction of errors in these estimates is achieved by using techniques of sufficient sensitivity to determine the mineralized N. It is desirable also that the technique is rapid SO that samples do not have to be stored for a long time. The determination of very low concentrations of nitrate can be achieved by reduction to nitrite with subsequent quantification by colorimetry. However, for low ammonium concentrations no suitable technique was available. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the availability of soil N utilizing a laboratory method of incubation of soils packed in columns and an in situ incubation technique, and compare the estimates of mineralized N with the uptake of N by a grass. A flow injection analysis (FIA) technique for the determination of ammonium in soil extracts. The determination of mineral N in KCl soil extracts using the FIA techniques was faster and more sensitive than the traditional colorimetric techniques. The FIA technique developed for the quantification of ammonium had a sensitivity of down to 0.05 ug N/ml with a precision and accuracy as good as the steam distillation technique. The results obtained from the laboratory assay adjusted, using a mathematical model, gave higher values than the quantity of N actually accumulated by Panicum maximum, probably because the influence of oscillations of temperature and soil moisture on N mineralization was overestimated. On the other hand, the In situ incubation assays gave estimates of N extracted by the plants very similar to the actual plant N accumulation. These results showed that this methodology is very promising for the study of soil N availability and can be used as a standard to for laboratory techniques. The results from the field indicate that more studies are required to better evaluate the effects incubation time and dimensions of the soil cores utilized for this in situ technique on the estimates of available soil N.en
dc.contributor.advisor1Caballero, Segundo Sacramento Urquiaga-
dc.contributor.advisor1IDhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-3601-1233pt_BR
dc.contributor.advisor1Latteshttp://lattes.cnpq.br/0525790556695433pt_BR
dc.contributor.advisor2Boddey, Robert Michael-
dc.contributor.advisor2IDhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-3648-9859pt_BR
dc.contributor.advisor2Latteshttp://lattes.cnpq.br/0277415539607307pt_BR
dc.contributor.advisor-co1Lima, Eduardo-
dc.contributor.advisor-co1IDhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-4656-3135pt_BR
dc.contributor.advisor-co1Latteshttp://lattes.cnpq.br/5269448984013726pt_BR
dc.contributor.referee1Caballero, Segundo Sacramento Urquiaga-
dc.contributor.referee1IDhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-3601-1233pt_BR
dc.contributor.referee1Latteshttp://lattes.cnpq.br/0525790556695433pt_BR
dc.contributor.referee2Cadisch, Georg-
dc.contributor.referee3Boddey, Robert Michael-
dc.contributor.referee3IDhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-3648-9859pt_BR
dc.contributor.referee3Latteshttp://lattes.cnpq.br/0277415539607307pt_BR
dc.creator.IDhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-5356-4032pt_BR
dc.creator.Latteshttp://lattes.cnpq.br/5238072607952859pt_BR
dc.publisher.countryBrasilpt_BR
dc.publisher.departmentInstituto de Agronomiapt_BR
dc.publisher.initialsUFRRJpt_BR
dc.publisher.programPrograma de Pós-Graduação em Agronomia - Ciência do Solopt_BR
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