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dc.contributor.authorLombardelli, Joaquín Andrés
dc.date.accessioned2023-12-21T18:46:19Z-
dc.date.available2023-12-21T18:46:19Z-
dc.date.issued2020-10-29
dc.identifier.citationLOMBARDELLI, Joaquín Andrés. Epidemiología y caracterización molecular de la cryptosporidiosis bovina en sistemas de crianza artificial de la cuenca lechera del departamento General San Martín, Córdoba. 2020. 70 f. Tese (Doutorado em Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação em Agropecuária) - Facultad de Agronomía y Veterinaria/Pró-Reitoria de Pesquisa e Pós-Graduação, Universidad Nacional de Rio Cuarto/Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Argentina/Brasil, 2020.por
dc.identifier.urihttps://rima.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/20.500.14407/9892-
dc.description.abstractLa crianza de terneros es uno de los aspectos de mayor relevancia en el proceso de producción de leche, cumpliendo primariamente la función de reposición de las vacas que anualmente son eliminadas del rodeo. La diarrea neonatal de los terneros es uno de los principales problemas de salud en tambos en todo el mundo. La cryptosporidiosis bovina es una de las principales causas de diarrea neonatal en terneros de tambos. Las principales especies de Cryptosporidium que infectan a los bovinos son Cryptosporidium parvum, Cryptosporidium bovis, Cryptosporidium andersoni y Cryptosporidium ryanae. Entre ellas, C. parvum y C. bovis son las especies más comúnmente identificadas en terneros pre-destete. Los tamaños de los ooquistes de las especies de Cryptosporidium que afectan a los terneros de tambo son similares, por lo tanto, es indispensable para su clasificación y determinación utilizar técnicas de biología molecular. Es por todo esto que se pretende caracterizar molecularmente la importancia del género Cryptosporidium spp. en terneros de la cuenca lechera del Departamento General San Martín (Córdoba), evaluar los factores de riesgo de la cryptosporidiosis, el patrón espacial presente respecto del tipo de suelo y determinar la transmisibilidad hasta los 30 días de vida. Como primer objetivo se planteó realizar la optimización de la técnica molecular de reacción en cadena de la polimerasa (PCR) para identificar a nivel molecular las especies de Cryptosporidium. Para concretar el mismo se probaron tres métodos de extracción de ADN, se realizaron diversos ensayos para optimizar la técnica de PCR y se realizaron análisis de RFLP-PCR para muestras con alta y baja intensidad de infección. La técnica de extracción de ADN que utiliza un primer paso de congelado y descongelado de las muestras resultó ser el método más conveniente para ser utilizado. Fue necesario utilizar una concentración de 1,5mM de MgCl2 y una temperatura de anidación de 58°C. La técnica resultó ser altamente dependiente de la intensidad de infestación de ooquistes y demanda que se realicen modificaciones cuando son de baja o alta intensidad de infestación. El segundo objetivo fue caracterizar las especies de Cryptosporidium presentes, calcular la prevalencia global y describir la asociación entre los factores de riesgo de los terneros de tambo y la presencia de Cryptosporidium parvum en terneros. En cada uno de los 54 establecimiento visitados se extrajo una muestra de materia fecal a todos los terneros menores de 60 días de vida. Se utilizó una encuesta para recopilar datos acerca del manejo de los terneros con el fin de identificar los factores de riesgo. Se determinó la presencia de ooquistes de Cryptosporidium spp. mediante la tinción modificada en frío de Ziehl-Neelsen. Posteriormente, se determinó cual era la especie de Cryptosporidium presente en las muestras que resultaron positivas a través de RFLP-PCR. Se calculó la prevalencia de C. parvum global para todos los terneros muestreados y la prevalencia por establecimiento. Además, se estudió la asociación entre cada uno de los factores del ternero y la presencia en heces de C. parvum. La especie de Cryptosporidium prevalente en terneros menores de 60 días es C. parvum, resultando una prevalencia global de 25,5%. Las prevalencias más altas se observaron en terneros de dos y tres semanas de vida. Los terneros parasitados con C. parvum fueron asociados fuertemente con el riesgo de presentar diarrea, resaltando la importancia de C. parvum como uno de los principales microorganismos responsables de la diarrea neonatal en terneros de tambos del área de estudio. Medidas de manejo en los establecimientos como reducir el tiempo de permanencia de los terneros junto a sus madres después de nacer fue una medida con una tendencia a disminuir el riesgo de sufrir cryptosporidiosis en terneros de tambos. El tercer objetivo consistió en describir la distribución espacial y de conglomerados de C. parvum en sistemas de crianza artificial y su relación con el tipo de suelo. Para esto se registraron las coordenadas geográficas utilizando un GPS Garmin en cada establecimiento visitado. El análisis espacial consistió en la descripción de la prevalencia de C. parvum para cada establecimiento por medio de un mapa de puntos en el sistema de información geográfica QGIS 3.6.0. Se realizó un análisis visual de la superposición en el mapa de los establecimientos afectados y el tipo de suelo que éstos poseen. Además, el análisis espacial se utilizó para identificar y localizar conglomerados espaciales significativos para la prevalencia predial de C. parvum en la zona de estudio. Todos los análisis espaciales fueron realizados en el programa SaTScan® v 9.4.4. La prevalencia de C. parvum observada fue muy variable entre los establecimientos. Dos conglomerados estadísticamente significativos fueron determinados. En uno de ellos, el riesgo de tener establecimientos con altas prevalencias fue casi dos veces mayor (RR: 1,64, p: 0,008). En el otro conglomerado, se observó que el riesgo de encontrar establecimientos con baja prevalencia es cuatro veces mayor (RR: 0,26, p: 0,003). El suelo que poseen los establecimientos ubicados en el primer conglomerado son imperfectamente drenados presentando una moderada salinidad lo que genera una pobre vegetación en los espacios donde se alojan los terneros.por
dc.formatapplication/pdf*
dc.languageporpor
dc.publisherUniversidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiropor
dc.rightsAcesso Abertopor
dc.subjectCryptosporidium parvumspa
dc.subjectbovinos de lecheriaspa
dc.subjectparasitologia animalspa
dc.titleEpidemiología y caracterización molecular de la cryptosporidiosis bovina en sistemas de crianza artificial de la cuenca lechera del departamento General San Martín, Córdobapor
dc.typeTesepor
dc.description.abstractOtherAbstract não disponível no arquivo fornecido.por
dc.contributor.advisor1Tiranti, Karina Ivana
dc.contributor.advisor-co1McIntosh, Douglas
dc.contributor.referee1Reynoso, María Marta
dc.contributor.referee2Schnittger, Leonhard
dc.contributor.referee3Rossanigo, Carlos Esteban
dc.publisher.countryBrasilpor
dc.publisher.departmentPró-Reitoria de Pesquisa e Pós-Graduaçãopor
dc.publisher.initialsUFRRJpor
dc.publisher.programPrograma de Pós-Graduação em Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação em Agropecuáriapor
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