Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item:
https://rima.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/20.500.14407/11990
Full metadata record
DC Field | Value | Language |
---|---|---|
dc.contributor.author | Alves, Victor Menezes Tunholi | |
dc.date.accessioned | 2023-12-22T02:00:12Z | - |
dc.date.available | 2023-12-22T02:00:12Z | - |
dc.date.issued | 2012-02-27 | |
dc.identifier.citation | ALVES, Victor Menezes Tunholi. Alterações morfo-fisiológicas em Biomphalaria glabrata Say, 1818 (Pulmonata, Planorbidae) por infecção experimental de Echinostoma paraensei Lie & Basch, 1967 (Trematoda, Echinostomatidae). 2012. 82 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Ciências Veterinárias) - Instituto e Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, 2012. | por |
dc.identifier.uri | https://rima.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/20.500.14407/11990 | - |
dc.description.abstract | Com ciclo biológico complexo, os parasitos pertencentes ao gênero Echinostoma, caracterizam-se por apresentar o hábitat restrito à luz intestinal dos hospedeiros definitivos, na qual se destacam as aves aquáticas, mamíferos, incluindo o homem, e ocasionalmente algumas espécies de répteis e peixes. Possuem como primeiro hospedeiro intermediário moluscos límnicos, onde os miracídios penetram ativamente e desenvolvem até as fases de cercárias e crustáceos, anfíbios, peixes e moluscos límnicos como segundo hospedeiro intermediário onde ocorre a formação de metacercárias, fase infectante ao hospedeiro definitivo. Neste estudo, Biomphalaria glabrata foi infectada com diferentes doses miracidiais (5 ou 50) de E. paraensei e após uma, duas, três e quatro semanas de infecção os moluscos foram dissecados para a coleta da hemolinfa, conchas e tecidos (complexo gônadaglândula digestiva- GGD). Observou-se a oviposição dos moluscos. Na hemolinfa foram dosadas proteínas totais, uréia, ácido úrico, cálcio, colesterol e triacilglicerol, bem como as atividades das transaminases (ALT e AST). Nos tecidos foram mensurados os conteúdos de lipídeos neutros (ácidos graxos, triacilglecerol, colesterol e colesterol esterificado) e nas conchas, quantificados os conteúdos de carbonato de cálcio (CaCO3). Diferenças significativas foram observadas no estado bioenergético dos moluscos infectados com ambas as doses miracidiais em relação ao grupo controle (não-infectado), provavelmente em consequência da intensa formação de aminoácidos gliconeogênicos a partir do catabolismo protéico em resposta ao estresse gerado pelo parasitismo. O aumento da calcemia pode ser justificado devido ao alto consumo energético nos moluscos infectados, onde o metabolismo anaeróbico pode estar mais ativo culminando com o acúmulo de ácidos orgânicos que diminuem o pH da hemolinfa. Simultaneamente, acentuados decréscimos dos conteúdos de cálcio nas conchas foram constatados em B. glabrata infectadas por ambas as doses miracidiais (5 e 50) de E. paraensei, o que coincidiu com o pico da calcemia nestes mesmos organismos. Diminuições no conteúdo de proteínas totais na hemolinfa dos organismos infectados foram observadas, relacionando-se com o provável aumento das vias gliconeogênicas. Este consumo protéico é confirmado pelo aumento das atividades das transaminases (ALT e AST), efeito também decorrente ao aparecimento de rédias no molusco, bem como, ratificado pelo acúmulo de ácido úrico e uréia. Aumentos significativos na oviposição também foram evidenciados. Em adição, a significativa alteração no perfil lipídico dos moluscos infectados indica intensa utilização desse substrato tanto pelo hospedeiro intermediário quanto pelo parasito, sugerindo sua provável participação no metabolismo energético e estrutural. Os resultados observados neste estudo indicam que a infecção com cinco ou 50 miracídios de E. paraensei provocou consideráveis alterações metabólicas em B. glabrata, sendo que os moluscos expostos a maior carga miracidial apresentaram os maiores danos, caracterizando uma resposta dose-dependente. | por |
dc.description.sponsorship | Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do RJ - FAPERJ | por |
dc.format | application/pdf | * |
dc.language | por | por |
dc.publisher | Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro | por |
dc.rights | Acesso Aberto | por |
dc.subject | Biompalaria glabrata | por |
dc.subject | Echinostoma paraensei | por |
dc.subject | homeostase | por |
dc.subject | Biompalaria glabrata | eng |
dc.subject | Echinostoma paraensei | eng |
dc.subject | homeostasis | eng |
dc.title | Alterações Morfo-fisiológicas Em Biomphalaria glabrata Say, 1818 (Pulmonata, Planorbidae) Por Infecção Experimental De Echinostoma paraensei Lie & Basch, 1967 (Trematoda, Echinostomatidae) | por |
dc.title.alternative | Morpho-Physiological Alterations In Biomphalaria glabrata Say, 1818 (Pulmonata, Planorbidae) Experimentally Infected With Echinostoma paraensei Lie And Basch, 1967 (Trematoda, Echinostomatidae) | eng |
dc.type | Dissertação | por |
dc.description.abstractOther | Parasites belonging to the Echinostoma genus are characterized by having a complex biological cycle, with two intermediate hosts and a final habitat restricted to the intestinal lumen of the definitive hosts. These hosts include aquatic birds, mammals (including humans) and occasionally some reptile and fish species. Their first intermediate hosts are freshwater snails, into which the miracidia actively penetrate for development of the next three stages (sporocysts, rediae and cercariae). Freshwater crustaceans, amphibians, fish and snails act as the second intermediate hosts, enabling the formation of metacercariae, the infective larval stage to the definitive host. In this work, Biomphalaria glabrata specimens were experimentally infected with different doses (5 or 50) of E. paraensei miracidia. The snails were dissected one, two, three and four weeks after infection to collect the hemolymph, shells and tissues (gonad-digestive gland complex- GDG). During this period, the snails’ oviposition was observed. In the hemolymph, the concentrations of total proteins, urea, uric acid, cholesterol and triglycerides were measured, as well as the activities of the transaminases (ALT and AST). In the tissues, the levels of neutral lipids (fatty acids, triglyceride, cholesterol and esterified cholesterol) were measured, and in the shells the CaCO3 content was quantified. Significant differences were observed in the bioenergy state of the snails infected with both miracidium doses in relation to the control group (not infected), probably because of the intense formation of glucogenic amino acids from the protein catabolism in response to the stress generated by the parasites. Because of the high energy consumption of the infected snails, it is possible that the anaerobic metabolism becomes more active, culminating in the accumulation of organic acids that reduce the pH of the hemolymph, thus explaining the significant increase in calcemia. In parallel, accentuated decreases in the calcium levels in the shells were found in the snails infected by both miracidium doses (5 and 50), which coincided with the peak calcemia in these specimens. Drastic declines in the total protein concentration in the hemolymph were observed in the infected snails, related to the probable increase of the activities of the transaminases (ALT and AST), an effect also caused by the appearance of rediae and corroborated by the accumulation of uric acid and urea. Additionally, the significant alteration of the lipid profile of the infected snails indicates intense utilization of lipids as a substrate both by the intermediate host and the parasite, suggesting the probable participation of lipids in the energy and structural metabolism of both organisms. The results observed in this study indicate that infection with 5 or 50 E. paraensei miracidia caused considerable metabolic changes in B. glabrata, with the snails exposed to the higher number of miracidia suffering greater damage. | eng |
dc.contributor.advisor1 | Rodrigues, Maria de Lurdes de Azevedo | |
dc.contributor.advisor1ID | 504.601.377-00 | por |
dc.contributor.advisor1Lattes | http://lattes.cnpq.br/1288032325091121 | por |
dc.contributor.advisor-co1 | Silva, Jairo Pinheiro da | |
dc.contributor.referee1 | Brandoline, Solange Viana Paschoal Blanco | |
dc.contributor.referee2 | Vidigal , Teofania H. D. A. | |
dc.creator.ID | 105.856.687-36 | por |
dc.creator.Lattes | http://lattes.cnpq.br/4500436905013075 | por |
dc.publisher.country | Brasil | por |
dc.publisher.department | Instituto de Veterinária | por |
dc.publisher.initials | UFRRJ | por |
dc.publisher.program | Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias | por |
dc.relation.references | BRUMPT, E. Observations biologiques diverses concernant Planorbis (Australorbis) glabratus h te interm diare de Schistosoma mansoni. Annales de Parasitologie, v.18, p.9– 45, 1941. de JONG-BRINK, M.; ELSAADANY, M. M.; BOER, H. H. Trichobilharzia ocellata: interference with endocrine control of female reproduction of Lymnaea stagnalis. Experimental Parasitology, v.65, p.91–100, 1988. DICTUS, W. J.; de JONG-BRINK, M.; BOER, H. H. A neuropeptide (Calfluxin) is involved in the influx of calcium into mitochondria of the albumen gland of the freshwater snail Lymnaea stagnalis. General and Comparative Endocrinology, v.65, p.439–450, 1987. ETGES, F. J.; GRESSO, W. Effect of Schistosoma mansoni Infection upon Fecundity in Australorbis glabratus. The Journal of Parasitology, v.51, p.757–760, 1965. GOMOT, A. Photoperiod and temperature interaction in the determination of reproduction of the edible snail, Helix pomatia. Journal of Reproduction and Fertility, v.90, p.581–585, 1990. 28 HINKLE, P. C.; MCCARTY, R. E. How cells make ATP. Scientific American, v.238, p.104–123, 1978. HODASI, J. K. The effects of Fasciola hepatica on Lymnaea truncatula. Parasitology, v.65, p.359–369, 1972. LIE, K. J.; BASCH, P. F. The Life History of Echinostoma paraensei (Trematoda: Echinostomatidae). The Journal of Parasitology, v.53, p.1192–1199, 1967. LOKER, E. S. Effects of Schistosomatium douthitii infection on the growth, survival, and reproduction of Lymnaea catascopium. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, v.34, p.138–144, 1979. LUSTRINO, D.; TUNHOLI-ALVES, V. M.; TUNHOLI, V. M.; BESSA, E. C. A.; PINHEIRO, J. Allamanda cathartica L. Seeds induces changes on carbohydrates deposits of Bradybaena similaris. Revista Brasileira de Zoociências, v.10, p.23–27, 2008. LUSTRINO, D.; TUNHOLI-ALVES, V. M.; TUNHOLI, V. M.; MARASSI, M. P.; PINHEIRO, J. Lipids Analysis in Hemolymph of Achatina fulica (Bowdich, 1822) Exposed to Different Photoperiods. Brazilian Journal of Biology, v.70, p.631–637, 2010. MALDONADO JR., A.; COURA, R.; GARCIA, J. S.; LANFREDI, R. M.; REY, L. Changes on Schistosoma mansoni (Digenea: Schistosomatidae) worm load in Nectomys squamipes (Rodentia: Sigmodontinae) concurrently infected with Echinostoma paraensei (Digenea: Echinostomatidae). Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, v.96, p.193–198, 2001. MELLO-SILVA, C. C.; VASCONCELLOS, M. C.; PINHEIRO, J.; RODRIGUES, M. L. A. Physiological changes in Biomphalaria glabrata Say, 1818 (Pulmonata: Planorbidae) caused by sub-lethal concentrations of the latex of Euphorbia splendens var. hislopii N.E.B (Euphorbiaceae). Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, v.101, p.3–8, 2006. MELLO-SILVA, C. C.; VILAR, M. M.; BEZERRA, J. C.; VASCONCELLOS, M. C.; PINHEIRO, J.; RODRIGUES, M. L. A. Reproductive activity alterations on the Biomphalaria glabrata exposed to Euphorbia splendens var. hislopii latex. Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, v.102, p.671–674, 2007. MINCHELLA, D. J. Host life-history variation in response to parasitism. Parasitology, v.90, p.205–216, 1985. OLIVEIRA, C. S.; VASCONCELLOS, M. C.; PINHEIRO, J. The population density effects on the reproductive biology of the snail Bradybaena similaris (F russac, 1821) (Mollusca, Gastropoda). Brazilian Journal of Biology, v.68, p.367–371, 2008. PAN, C. T. Studies on the host–parasite relationship between Schistosoma mansoni and the snail Australorbis glabratus. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, v.14, p.931–976, 1965. PINHEIRO, J.; AMATO, S. B. Eurytrema coelomaticum (Digenea, Dicrocoeliidae): the effect of infection on carbohydrate contents of its intermediate snail host, Bradybaena similaris 29 (Gastropoda, Xanthonychidae). Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, v.89, p.407–410, 1994. PINHEIRO, J.; AMATO, S. B. Eurytrema coelomaticum: influence of the infection on the reproduction and nucleic acids contents in the albumen gland and ovotestis of Bradybaena similaris. Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, v.90, p.635–638, 1995. PINHEIRO, J.; MALDONADO JR., A.; ATTIAS, M.; LANFREDI, R. M. Morphology of the rediae of Echinostoma paraensei (Trematoda: Echinostomatidae) from its intermediate host Lymnaea columella (Mollusca, Gastropoda). Parasitology Research, v.93, p.171–177, 2004a. PINHEIRO, J.; MALDONADO JR., A.; LANFREDI, R. M. Light and scanning electron microscopy of the miracidium of Echinostoma paraensei (Trematoda, Echinostomatidae). Veterinary Parasitology, v.121, p.265–275, 2004b. PINHEIRO, J.; MALDONADO JR, A.; LANFREDI, R. M. Physiological changes in Lymnaea columella (Say, 1817) (Mollusca, Gastropoda) in response to Echinostoma paraensei Lie and Basch, 1967 (Trematoda: Echinostomatidae) infection. Parasitology Research, v.106, p.55–59, 2009. PINHEIRO, J.; MALDONADO JR., A.; ATTIAS, M.; LANFREDI, R. M. Ultrastructure of the Miracidium of Echinostoma paraensei Lie and Basch, 1967 (Trematoda, Echinostomatidae). Parasitology Research, v.97, p.367–372, 2005. SANDLAND, G. J.; MINCHELLA, D. J. Effects of diet and Echinostoma revolutum infection on energy allocation patterns in juvenile Lymnaea elodes snails. Oecologia, v.134, p.479–486, SCHALLIG, H. D.; SASSEN, M. J.; de JONG-BRINK, M. In vitro release of the antigonadotropic hormone, Schistosomin, from the central nervous system of Lymnaea stagnalis is induced with a methanolic extract of cercariae of Trichobilharzia ocellata. Parasitology, v.104, p.309–314, 1992. SLUITERS, J. F. Development of Trichobilharzia ocellata in Lymnaea stagnalis and the effects of infection on the reproductive system of the host. Zeitschrift fur Parasitenkunde, v.64, p.303–319, 1981. SLUITERS, J. F.; BRUSSAARD-WUST, C. C. M.; MEULEMAN, E. A. The relationship between miracidial dose, production of cercariae, and reproductive activity of the host in the combination Trichobilharzia ocellata and Lymnaea stagnalis. Zeitschrift fur Parasitenkunde, v.63, p.13–26, 1980. SLUITERS, J. F.; ROUBOS, E. W.; JOOSSE, J. Increased activity of the female gonadoctrofic hormone producig caudo dorsal cells in Lymanea stagnalis with Trichorbillarzia ocellata. Zeitschrift fur Parasitenkunde, v.70, p.67–72, 1984. STURROCK, B. M.; STURROCK, R. F. Laboratory studies on the host–parasite relationship of Schistosoma mansoni and Biomphalaria glabrata from St. Lucia, West Indies. Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, v.64, p.357–363, 1970. 30 VASQUEZ, R. E.; SULLIVAN, J. T. Effect of miracidial dose on adoptively transferred resistance to Schistosoma mansoni in the snail intermediate host, Biomphalaria glabrata. The Journal of Parasitology, v.87, p.460–462, 2001. WEBBE, G.; JAMES, C. Host–parasite relationships of Bulinus globosus and B. truncatus with strains of Schistosoma haematobium. Journal of Helminthology, v.46, p.185–199, 1972. WILSON, R. A.; DENISON, J. The parasitic castration and gigantism of Lymnaea truncatula infected with the larval stages of Fasciola hepatica. Zeitschrift fur Parasitenkunde, v.61, p.109–119, 1980. APPLETON, C. C. Review of literature on abiotic factors influencing the distribution and life cycles of bilharziasis intermediate host snails. Malacological Review, v.11, p.1-25, 1978. ATAEV, G. L.; DOBROVOLSKIJ, A. A.; AVANESSIAN, A. V.; LOKER, E. S. 2001. Germinal elements and their development in Echinostoma caproni and Echinostoma paraensei (Trematoda) miracidia. Journal of Parasitology, v.87, p.1160-1164, 2001. BANDSTRA, S. R.; FRIED, B.; SHERMA, J. High-performance thin-layer chromatographic analysis of neutral lipids and phospholipids in Biomphalaria glabrata patently infected with Echinostoma caproni. Parasitology Research, v.99, p.414-418, 2006. DAVIES, T. W. Schistosoma mansoni: the structure and elemental composition of pre acetabular penetration gland cell secretion in pre-emergent cercariae. Parasitology, v.87, p.55–60, 1983. DAWIES, T. W.; ERASMUS, D. A. An ultrastructural study of the effect of parasitism by larval Schistosoma mansoni on the calcium reserves of host, Biomphalaria glabata. Cell Tissue Research, v.236, p.643-649, 1984. de WITT, N. D.; SMINIA, T. The effects of the nutritional state and the external concentration of the ionic composition of the haemolypmh and on calcium cells in the pulmonate freshwater snail Lymnaea stagnalis. Proceedings of the Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen, v.83, p.213-227, 1980. DOBROVOLSKIJ, A. A.; GALAKTIONOV, K. V.; ATAEV, G. L. Germinal materials organization features and mothers sporocyst’s reproduction dynamics of trematodes. Parazitologiia, v.34, p.14-22, 2000. FRIED, B.; HUFFMAN, J. E. The biology of the intestinal trematode Echinostoma caproni. Advances in Parasitology, v.38, p.311–368, 1996. FUJINO, T.; NAKANO, T.; WASHIOKA, H.; TONOSAKI, A.; ICHIKAWA, H.; FRIED, B. Comkparative ultrastructure of eggs in Echinostoma paraensei, E. caproni and E. trivolvis (Trematoda: Echinostomatidae). Parasitology Research, v.86, p.427-430, 2000. GUILLOU, F.; ROGER, E.; MON , Y.; ROGNON, A.; GRUNAU, C.; TH RON, A.; MITTA. G.; COUSTAU, C.; GOURBAL, B. E. Excretory-secretory proteome of larval Schistosoma mansoni and Echinostoma caproni, two parasites of Biomphalaria glabrata. Molecular and Biochemistry Parasitology, v.155, p.45-56, 2007. 40 LAYMAN, L. R.; DORY, A. C.; KOEHNLEIN, K. M.; FRIED, B.; SHERMA, J. Effects of Echinostoma trivolvis (Trematoda) infection on metallic ions in the host snail Heliosoma trivolvis (Gastropoda). Parasitology Research, v.82, p.19–21, 1996. LOKER, E. S.; HERTEL, L. A. Alterations in Biomphalaria galabrata plasma induced by infection with the digenetic trematode Echinostoma paraensei. The Journal of Parasitology, v.73, p.503–513, 1987. MALDONADO JR, A.; LOKER, E. S.; MORGAN, J. A. T.; REY, L.; LANFREDI, R. M. Description of the adult worm of a new Brazilian isolate of Echinostoma paraensei (Platyhelminthes: Digenea) from its natural vertebrate host Nectomys squamipes by light and scanning electron microscopy and molecular analysis. Parasitology Research, v.87, p.840- 848, 2001a. MALDONADO JR, A.; VIEIRA, G. O.; GARCIA, J. S.; REY, L.; LANFREDI, R. M. Biological aspects of a new isolate of Echinostoma paraensei (Trematoda: Echinostomatidae): susceptibility of sympatric snails and the natural vertebrate host. Parasitology Research, v.87, p.853-859, 2001b. MCCLELLAND, G.; BOURNS, T. K. R. Effects of Trichobilharzia ocellata on growth, reproduction and survival of Lymnaea stagnalis. Experimental Parasitology, v.24, p.137– 146, 1969. MCCORNICK, P.G. Titration of calcium and magnesium in milk with EDTA. Journal of Chemistry Education, v.50, p.136, 1973. MOREIRA, C. S. D. R.; GOMES, E. M.; CHAGAS, G. M.; PINHEIRO, J. Calcium alterations in Bradybaena similaris F russac, 1821 (Mollusca, Gastropoda) under starvation. Revista Brasileira de Zoociências, v.5, p.45-54, 2003. MOSTAFA, O. M. S. Effects of Schistosoma mansoni and Schistosoma haematobium infections on calcium content in their intermediate hosts. Parasitology Research, v.101, p.963-966, 2007. NDUKU, W. K.; HARRISON, A. D. Calcium as a limiting factor in the biology of Biomphalaria pfeifferi (Krauss) (Gastropoda: Planorbidae). Hydrobiologia, v.49, p.143-170, 1976. PASCHOAL, S. V.; AMATO, S. B. Eurytrema coelomaticum (Giard et Billet) (Dogenea: Dicrocoeliidae) em Bradybaena similaris (F russac) (Gastropoda: Xanthonychidae): altera es nos dep sitos de c lcio e na fun o reprodutiva do primeiro hospedeiro intermedi rio. Revista Brasileira de Zoologia, v.13, p.411–418, 1996. PINHEIRO, J. Influence of Starvation on the Glycogen and Galactogen Contents in the Snail Bradybaena Similaris (F russac, 1821) (Mollusca, Gastropoda). Arquivos de Biologia e Tecnologia, v.39, p.349-357, 1996. PINHEIRO, J.; AMATO, S. B. Eurytrema coelomaticum (Digenea, Dicroceliidae): the effect of infection on carbohydrate contents of its intermediate snail host, Bradybaena similaris 41 (Gastropoda, Xanthnychidae). Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, v.89, p.407- 410, 1994. PINHEIRO, J.; AMATO, S. Calcium determination in the shell of Lymnaea columella (Mollusca, Gastropoda) infected with Fasciola hepatica (Platyhelminthes, Digenea). Arquivos de Biologia e Tecnologia, v.38, p.761–767, 1995. PINHEIRO, J.; MALDONADO, A. JR.; ATTIAS, M.; LANFREDI, R. M. Morphology of the rediae of Echinostoma paraensei (Trematoda: Echinostomatidae) from its intermediate host Lymnaea columella (Mollusca, Gastropoda). Parasitology Research, v.93, p.171-177, 2004 a. PINHEIRO, J.; MALDONADO, A. JR.; ATTIAS, M.; LANFREDI, R. M. Ultrastructure of the Miracidium of Echinostoma paraensei Lie and Basch, 1967 (Trematoda, Echinostomatidae). Parasitology Research, v.97, p.367-372, 2005. PINHEIRO, J.; MALDONADO, A. JR.; LANFREDI, R. M. Light and scanning electron microscopy of the miracidium of Echinostoma paraensei (Trematoda: Echinostomatidae).Veterinary Parasitology, v.121, p.265-275, 2004b. PINHEIRO. J.; MALDONADO, A. JR.; LANFREDI, R. M. Physiological changes in Lymnaea columella (Say, 1817) (Mollusca, Gastropoda) in response to Echinostoma paraensei Lie and Basch, 1967 (Trematoda: Echinostomatidae) infection. Parasitology Research, v.106, p.55-59, 2009. SHAW, M. K.; ERASMUS, D. A. Biomphalaria glabrata: changes in calcium reserves following parasitism by larval Schistosoma mansoni. Parasitology, v.95, p.267–276, 1987. SLUITERS, J. F.; BRUSSAARD-WUST, C. C. M.; MEULEMAN, E. A. The relationship between miracidial dose, production of cercariae, and reproductive activity of the host in the combination Trichobilharzia ocellata and Lymnaea stagnalis. Zeitschrift fur Parasitenkunde, v.63, p.13-26, 1980. SOIDO, C.; VASCONCELLOS, M. C.; DINIZ, A. G.; PINHEIRO, J. An improvement of calcium determination technique in the shell of mollusks. Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology, v.52, p.93- 98, 2009. THOMAS, J. D.; BENJAMIN, M.; LOUGH, A.; ARAM, R. H. The effects of calcium in the external environment on the growth and natality rates of Biomphalaria glabrata (Say). Journal of Animal Ecology, v.43, p.839-860, 1974. TUNHOLI-ALVES, V. M.; TUNHOLI, V. M.; G LO, P.; LUSTRINO, D.; MALDONADO, A. JR.; BITTENCOURT, V. R. E. P.; RODRIGUES, M. L. A.; PINHEIRO, J. Lipid levels in Biomphalaria glabrata infected with different doses of Echinostoma paraensei miracidia. Experimental Parasitology, v.128, p.212-216, 2011. TUNHOLI, V. M.; LUSTRINO, D.; TUNHOLI-ALVES, V. M.; MELLO-SILVA, C. C. C.; MALDONADO, A. JR.; RODRIGUES, M. L. A.; PINHEIRO, J. Changes in the reproductive biology of Biomphalara glabrata infected with different doses of Echinostoma paraensei miracidia. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, v.106, p.192-195, 2011. 42 VASQUEZ, R. E.; SULLIVAN, J. T. Effect of miracidial dose on adoptively transferred resistance to Schistosoma mansoni in the snail intermediate host, Biomphalaria glabrata. Journal of Parasitology, v.87, p.460-462, 2001. WHITE, M. M.; CHEJLAVA, M.; FRIED, B.; SHERMA, J. Effects of various larval digeneans on the calcium carbonate content of the shells of Helisoma trivolvis, Biomphalaria glabrata, and Physa sp. Parasitology Research, v.95, p.252–255, 2005. ZBIKOWSKA, E. The effect of digenea larvae on calcium content in the shells of Lymnaea stagnalis (L.) individuals. Journal of Parasitology, v.89, p.76–79, 2003. BANDSTRA, S. R.; FRIED, B.; SHERMA, J. High-performance thin-layer chromatographic analysis of neutral lipids and phospholipids in Biomphalaria glabrata patently infected with Echinostoma caproni. Parasitology Research, v.99, p.414-418, 2006. BECKER, W. Metabolic interrelationship of parasitic trematodes and molluscs, especially Schistosoma mansoni in Biomphalaria glabrata. Zeitschrift fur Parasitenkunde, v.63, p.101-111, 1980. BECKER, W.; SCHMALE, H. The nitrogenous products of degradation – ammonia, urea and uric acid – in the hemolymph of the snail Biomphalaria glabrata. Zeitschrift fur Parasitenkunde, v.51A, p.407-411, 1975. BISHOP, M. L.; DUBEN-ENGELKIRK, J. L.; FODY, E. P. Clinical Chemistry. Principles, Procedures, Correlations. (third ed.) Lippincott, Filad lfia, 1996. CONNERTY, H. V.; BRIGGS, A. R.; EATEN, E. H. Determination of blood urea nitrogen using a simple stabilizing reagent. American Journal of Clinical Pathology, v.25, p.1321, 1955. de SOUZA, R. M.; GOMES, E. M.; CHAGAS, G. M.; PINHEIRO, J. The Influence of starvation and Eurytrema coelomaticum infection on the nitrogenads produts of degradation in the hemolymph of Bradybaena similaris. Brazilian Archives of Biology and Tecnology, v.43, p.365-371, 2000. FRIED, B.; GRACZYK, T. K.; TAMANG, L. Food-borne intestinal trematodiases in humans. Parasitology Research, v.93, p.159-170, 2004. HIONG, K. C.; LOONG, A. M.; CHEW, S. F.; IP, Y. K. Increases in urea synthesis and the ornithine-urea cycle capacity in the giant African snail, Achatina fulica, during fasting or aestivation, or after the injection with ammonium chloride. Journal of Experimental Zoology Part A: Comparative Experimental Biology, v.303, p.1040-1053, 2005. KAPLAN, L. A.; PESCE, A. J. Clinical Chemistry (Third ed.) Mosby, St. Louis, 1996. 54 LUSTRINO, D.; TUNHOLI-ALVES, V. M.; TUNHOLI, V. M.; BESSA, E. C. A.; PINHEIRO, J. Allamanda cathartica (Apocynaceae) seeds induces changes on carbohydrates deposits of Bradybaena similaris (Mollusca, Bradybaenidae). Revista Brasileira de Zoociências, v.10, p.23-27, 2008. MALDONADO JR, A.; GENTILE, R.; FERNANDES, C. M.; D'ANDREA, P. S.; LANFREDI, R. M.; REY, L. Helminth communities of Nectomys squamipes (Rodentia: Sigmodontinae) naturally infected by the exotic trematode Schistosoma mansoni in southeastern Brazil. Journal of Helminthology, v.80, p.369-375, 2006. MALDONADO, A. JR.; COURA, R.; GARCIA, J. G.; LANFREDI, R. M.; REY, L. Changes on Schistosoma mansoni (Digenea: Schistosomatidae) worm load in Nectomys squamipes (Rodentia: Sigmodontidae) concurrently infected with Echinostoma paraensei (Digenea: Echinostomatidae). Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, v.96, p.193–198, 2001b. MALDONADO, A. JR.; LOKER, E. S.; MORGAN, J. A. T.; REY, L.; LANFREDI, R. M. Description of the adult worms of a new Brazilian isolate of Echinostoma paraensei (Platyhelminthes: Digenea) from its natural vertebrate host Nectomys squamipes by light and scanning electron microscopy and molecular analysis. Parasitology Research, v.88, p.40– 848, 2001a. MASOLA, B.; CHIBI, M.; KANDARE, E.; NAIK, Y. S.; ZARANYIKA, M. F. Potential marker enzymes and metal-metal interactions in Helisoma duryi and Lymnaea natalensis exposed to cadmium. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, v.70, p.79-87, 2008. OLIVEIRA, C. S.; VASCONCELLOS, M. C.; PINHEIRO, J. The population density effects on the reproductive biology of the snail Bradybaena similaris (Mollusca, Gastropoda). Brazilian Journal of Biology, v.68, p.631-637, 2008. PEREZ, M. K.; FRIED, B.; SHERMA, J. High performance thin-layer chromatographic analysis of sugars in Biomphalaria glabrata (Gastropoda) infected with Echinostoma caproni (Trematoda). Journal of Parasitology, v.80, p.336-338, 1994. PINHEIRO, J.; AMATO, S. B. Eurytrema coelomaticum (Digenea, Dicroceliidae): the effect of infection on carbohydrate contents of its intermediate snail host, Bradybaena similaris (Gastropoda, Xanthnychidae). Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, v.89, p.407- 410, 1994. PINHEIRO, J.; AMATO, S. B. Eurytrema coelomaticum: influence of the infection on the reproduction and nucleic acids contents in the albumen gland and ovotestis of Bradybaena similaris. Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, v.90, p.635-638, 1995. PINHEIRO, J.; GOMES, E. M.; CHAGAS, G. M. Aminotranferases activity in the hemolymph of Bradybaena similaris under starvation. Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, v.96, p.1161-1164, 2001. PINHEIRO, J.; MALDONADO, A. JR.; ATTIAS, M.; LANFREDI, R. M. Ultrastructure of the Miracidium of Echinostoma paraensei Lie and Basch, 1967 (Trematoda, Echinostomatidae). Parasitology Research, v.97, p.367-372, 2005. 55 PINHEIRO, J.; MALDONADO, A. JR.; ATTIAS, M.; LANFREDI, R. M. Morphology of the rediae of Echinostoma paraensei (Trematoda: Echinostomatidae) from its intermediate host Lymnaea columella (Mollusca, Gastropoda). Parasitology Research, v.93, p.171-177, 2004a. PINHEIRO, J.; MALDONADO, A. JR.; LANFREDI, R. M. Light and scanning electron microscopy of the miracidium of Echinostoma paraensei (Trematoda: Echinostomatidae).Veterinary Parasitology, v.121, p.265-275, 2004b. SLUITERS, J. F.; BRUSSAARD-WUST, C. C. M.; MEULEMAN, E. A. The relationship between miracidial dose, production of cercariae, and reproductive activity of the host in the combination Trichobilharzia ocellata and Lymnaea stagnalis. Zeitschrift fur Parasitenkunde, v.63, p.13-26, 1980. THOMPSON, S. N.; MEJIA-SCALES, V.; BORCHARDT, D. B. Physiologic studies of snail-schistosome interactions and potential for improvement of in vitro culture of schistosomes. In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology, v.27A, p.497-504, 1991. VASQUEZ, R. E.; SULLIVAN, J. T. Effect of miracidial dose on adoptively transferred resistance to Schistosoma mansoni in the snail intermediate host, Biomphalaria glabrata. Journal of Parasitology, v.87, p.460-462, 2001. WEICHSELBAUM, C. T. E. An accurate and rapid method for determination of proteins in small amounts of blood serum and plasma. American Journal of Clinical Pathology, v.16, p.40-49, 1946. BANDSTRA, S. R.; FRIED, B.; SHERMA, J. High-performance thin-layer chromatographic analysis of neutral lipids and phospholipids in Biomphalaria glabrata patently infected with Echinostoma caproni. Parasitology Research, v.99, p.414-418, 2006. BLIGH, E. G.; DYER, W. J. A rapid method of total lipid extraction and purification. Journal of Physiology and Biochemistry, v.37, p.911–913, 1959. ERASMUS, D. A. The Biology of Trematodes. Edward Arnold, London, 1972. FERNANDES, M. C. 1949. M todos escolhidos de t cnicas microsc picas, In: second ed. Imprensa Nacional, Rio de Janeiro, RJ. FRIED, B.; FRAZER, B. A.; LEE, M. S.; SHERMA, J. Thin layer chromatography and histochemistry analyses of neutral lipids in Helisoma trivolvis infected with four species of larval trematodes. Parasitology Research, v.84, p.369–373, 1998. FRIED, B.; HUFFMAN, J. E. The biology of the intestinal trematode Echinostoma caproni. Advances in Parasitology, v.38, p.311–368, 1996. FRIED, B.; MULLER, E. E.; BROADWAY, A.; SHERMA, J. Effects of diet on the development of Schistosoma mansoni in Biomphalaria glabrata and on the neutral lipid content of the digestive gland–gonad complex of the snail. The Journal of Parasitology, v.87, p.223–225, 2001. FRIED, B.; SCHAFER, S.; KIM, S. Effects of Echinostoma caproni infection on the lipid- composition of Biomphalaria glabrata. International Journal for Parasitology, v.19, p.353–354, 1989. FRIED, B.; SHERMA, J. Thin layer chromatography of lipids found in snails (Gastropoda: Mollusca). Journal of Planar Chromatography, v.3, p.290–299, 1990. HUMASON, G. L. 1979. Animal Tissue Techniques, 4th Ed. W.H. Freeman, San Francisco, USA. HUMICZEWSKA, M.; RAJSKI, K. Lipids in the host–parasite system: digestive gland of Lymnaea truncatula infected the developmental stages of Fasciola hepatica. Acta Parasitologica, v.50, p.235–239, 2005. 67 KAPLAN, L. A.; PESCE, A. J. Clinical Chemistry. Mosby, St. Louis. 1996. KAWOOYA, J. K.; LAW, J. H. Role of lipophorin in lipid transport to insect egg. The Journal of Biological Chemistry, v.263, p.8748–8753, 1988. KLOBUCAR, G. I. V.; LAJTNER, J.; ERBEN, R. Lipids peroxidation and histopathological changes in the digestive gland of a freshwater snail Planorbarius corneus L (Gastropoda, Pulmonata) exposed to chronic and sub-chronic concentrations of PCP. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v.58, p.128–134, 1997. LIE, K. J.; BASCH, P. F. The life history of Echinostoma paraensei (Trematoda: Echinostomatidae). The Journal of Parasitology, v.53, p.1192–1199, 1967. LUSTRINO, D.; TUNHOLI-ALVES, V. M.; TUNHOLI, V. M.; MARASSI, M. P.; PINHEIRO, J. Lipids analysis in hemolymph of Achatina fulica (Bowdich, 1822) exposed to different photoperiods. Brazilian Journal of Biology, v.70, p.631–637, 2010. MARKWELL, M. A. K.; HAAS, S. M.; BIEBER, L. L.; TOLBERT, N. E. A modification of the Lowry procedure to simplify protein determination in membrane and lipoprotein samples. Analytical Biochemistry, v.87, p.206–210, 1978. MARSIT, C. J.; FRIED, B.; SHERMA, J. Neutral lipids in cercariae, encysted metacercariae, and rediae of Echinostoma caproni. Journal of Helminthology, v.74, p.365–367, 2000. MASSOUD, J. The effect of variation in miracidial exposure dose on laboratory infections of Ornithobilharzia turkestanicum in Lymnaea gedrosiana. Journal of Helminthology, v.48, p.139–144, 1974. MULLER, E. E.; FRIED, B.; SHERMA, J. HPTLC analysis of neutral lipids in Biomphalaria glabrata snails infected with Schistosoma mansoni (Trematoda). Journal of Planar Chromatography, v.13, p.228–231, 2000. PINHEIRO, J.; MALDONADO, A. JR.; ATTIAS, M.; LANFREDI, R. M. Ultrastructure of the Miracidium of Echinostoma paraensei Lie and Basch, 1967 (Trematoda, Echinostomatidae). Parasitology Research, v.97, p.367–372, 2005. PINHEIRO, J.; MALDONADO, A. JR.; ATTIAS, M.; LANFREDI, R. M. Morphology of the rediae of Echinostoma paraensei (Trematoda: Echinostomatidae) from its intermediate host Lymnaea columella (Mollusca, Gastropoda). Parasitology Research, v.93, p.171–177, 2004a. PINHEIRO, J.; MALDONADO, A. JR.; LANFREDI, R. M. Light and scanning electron microscopy of the miracidium of Echinostoma paraensei (Trematoda: Echinostomatidae). Veterinary Parasitology, v.121, p.265–275, 2004b. PINHEIRO, J.; MALDONADO, A. JR.; LANFREDI, R. M. Physiological changes in Lymnaea columella (Say, 1817) (Mollusca, Gastropoda) in response to Echinostoma paraensei Lie and Basch, 1967 (Trematoda: Echinostomatidae) infection. Parasitology Research, v.106, p.55–59, 2009. 68 RUIZ, J. I.; OCHOA, B. Quantification in the subnanomolar range of phospholipids and neutral lipids by monodimensional thin-layer chromatography and image analysis. The Journal of Lipid Research, v.38, p.1482–1489, 1997. TH RON, A.; MON , H.; G RARD, C. Spatial and energy compromise between host and parasite: the Biomphalaria glabrata–Schistosoma mansoni system. International Journal for Parasitology, v.22, p.91–94, 1992. THOMPSON, S.N. Effect of Schistosoma mansoni on the gross lipids composition of its vector Biomphalaria glabrata. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, v.87B, p.357– 360, 1987. TRIPATHI, P. K.; SINGH, A. Toxic effects of dimethoate and carbaryl pesticides on carbohydrate metabolism of freshwater snail Lymnaea acuminata. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v.68, p.606–611, 2002. TUNHOLI, V. M.; LUSTRINO, D.; TUNHOLI-ALVES, V. M.; MELLO-SILVA, C. C. C.; MALDONADO JR., A.; RODRIGUES, M. L. A.; PINHEIRO, J. Changes in the reproductive biology of Biomphalara glabrata infected with different doses of Echinostoma paraensei miracidia. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, v.106, n.2, p.192–195, 2011. ZHU, N.; DAI, X.; LIN, D. S.; CONNOR, W. E. The lipids of slugs and snails: evolution, feed and biosynthesis. Lipids, v.29, p.869–887, 1994. ADEMA, C. M.; LOKER, E. S. Specificity and Immunobiology of Larval Digenean-Snail Association. In: FRIED, B.; GRACZYK, T. K. Advances in Trematode Biology. 1 ed. New York: Springer, 1997. p. 229-263. ATAEV, G. L.; DOBROVOLKIJ, A. A.; AVANESSIAN, A. V.; LOKER, E. S. Germinal elements and their development in Echinostomo caproni and Echinostoma paraensei (Trematoda) miracidia. Journal of Parasitology, v.87, p.1160-1164, 2001. BAKRY, F. A. Effect of infection with Shistosoma mansoni on some biological parameters in Biomphalaria alexandrina snails. American-Eurasian Journal of Scientific Research, v.4, n.3, p.180-190, 2009. BANDSTRA, S. R.; FRIED, B.; SHERMA, J. High performance thin chromatografic analysis of neutral lipids and phospholipids in Biomphalaria glabrata patently infected with Echinostoma caproni. Parasitology Research, v.99, n.4, p.414-418, 2006. BARÇANTE, T. A. Aspectos do desenvolvimento de Angiostrongylus vasorum (Baillet, 1866) Kamensky, 1905 em Biomphalaria glabrata (Say, 1818). 2006. 151f. Tese (Doutorado em Parasitologia). Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 2006. BARKER, M. G. Gastropods on land: phylogeny, diversity and adaptative morphology. In: BARKER, M. G. The biology of terrestrial molluscks. CABI Publishing, New York, USA, 2001. p. 01-146. BARRETT, J.; SAGHIR, N. Lipid binding proteins in parasitic helminths. Research and Reviews in Parasitology, v.59, p.107-112, 1999. BAUDOIN, M. Host castration as a parasitic strategy. Evolution, v.29, p.335-352, 1975. BECKER, W. Metabolic interrelationship of parasitic trematodes and molluscs, especially Schistosoma mansoni in Biomphalaria glabrata. Zeitschrift fur Parasitenkunde, v.63, p.101-111, 1980. BECKER, W. Purine metabolism in Biomphalaria glabrata under starvation and infection with Schistosoma mansoni. Comparative Biochemistry and Phisiology, v.76B, p.215-219, 1983. BESSA, E. C. A.; LIMA, W. S.; DAEMON, E.; CURY, M. C.; ARAÚJO, J. L. B. Desenvolvimento biológico de Angiostrongylus vasorum (Baillet) Kamensky (Nematoda, Angiostrongylidae) em Subulina octona Bruguière (Mollusca, Subulinidae) em condições de laboratório. Revista Brasileira de Zoologia, v.17, n.1, p.29-41, 2000. BRANDOLINI, S. P.; AMATO, S.; PEREIRA, A. A. Relationship of Tanaisia bragai (DIGENEA, EUCOTYLIDAE) and its intermediate host , Subulina octona (GASTROPODA, SUBULINIDAE) under experimental conditions. Parasitología al día, v.21, n.3-4, p.109- 113, 1997. 71 CARNEY, P. C. Echinostomiasis - A snail-borne intestinal trematode zoonoses. Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health, v.22, p.206-211, 1991. CARVALHO, O. S.; DUTRA, L. V.; MOURA, A. C. M.; FREITAS, C. C.; AMARAL, R. S.; DRUMMOND, S.C.; FREITAS, C. R.; SCHOLTE, R. G. C.; GUIMARÃES, R. J. P. S.; MELO, G. R.; RAGONI, V.; GUERRA, M. 2005. Desenvolvimento de um sistema de informações para o estudo, planejamento e controle da esquistossomose no Estado de Minas Gerais. Simpósio Brasileiro de Sensoriamento Remoto, Goiania. São José dos Campos; INPE. Comunicações, p. 2083-2086. http://www.dpi.inpe.br/geoschito/imagem/Mapas/BiomphalariaGlabrata.pdf. 2005. CHAI, J. Y. Food-Borne Parasitic Zoonoses: Fish and Plant-Borne Parasites, World Class Parasites. In: CHAI, J. Y. Intestinal flukes. 1. ed. New York: Springer, 2007. p. 53-115. CHAI, J. Y.; DARWIN MURREL, K.; LYMBERY, A. J. Fish-borne parasitic zoonoses: status issues. International Journal for Parasitology, v.35, p.1233-1254, 2005. CHAI, J. Y.; LEE, S. H. Food-borne intestinal trematode infections in the Republic of Korea. Parasitology International, v.51, p.129-154, 2002. CHAI, J. Y.; LEE, S. H. Intestinal trematodes of human in Korea: Metagonimus, Heterophyids and Echinostomes. Korea Journal of Parasitology, v.28, p.103-122, 1990. CHARNIAUX-COTTON, H. 1960. Sex determination, p. 411-447. In T. H. Waterman (ed.), The physiology of crustacea 1. Academic Press, New York. CHENG, T. C.; LEE, F. O. Glucose levels in the mollusc Biomphalaria glabrata infected with Schistosoma mansoni. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, v.18, p.395-398, 1971. CHIRSTENSEN, N. O.; SIMONSEN, P. E.; ODAIBO, A. B.; MAHLER, H. Establishment, survival and fecundity in Echinostoma caproni (Trematoda) infections in hamsters and girds. Journal of the Helminthological Society of Washington, v.57, p.104-107, 1990. CHRISTIE, J. D.; MICHELSON, E. H. Transaminase levels in the digestive gland-gonad of Schistosoma mansoni-infected Biomphalaria glabrata. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, v.50B, n.2, p.233-236, 1975. COOPER, L. A.; RICHARDS, C. S.; LEWIS, F. A.; MINCHELLA, D. J. Schistosoma mansoni between low fecundity and reduced susceptibility to parasite infection in the snail Biomphalaria glabrata. Experimental Parasitology, v.79, p.21-28, 1994. COUTO, M. S. R. 2001. Caracterização da atividade aglutinante da hemolinfa de mexilhões Perna perna. Trabalho de conclusão de Curso em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brasil. CRIBB, T. H.; BRAY, R. A.; LITTLEWOOD, D. T. J. The nature and evolution of the association among digeneans, molluscs and fishes. International Journal for Parasitology, v.31, p.997-1011, 2001. 72 DAVIES, T. W. Schistosoma mansoni: the structure and elemental composition of pre- acetabular penetration gland cell secretion in pre-emergent cercariae. Parasitology, v.87, p.55–60, 1983. DAVIS, N. E. Storage and incubation of Echinostoma revolutum eggs recovered from wild Branta canadensis, and their infectivity to Lymnaea tomentosa snails. Journal of Helminthology, v.79, p.321-326, 2006. DAWIES, T. W.; ERASMUS, D. A. An ultrastructural study of the effect of parasitism by larval Schistosoma mansoni on the calcium reserves of host, Biomphalaria globata. Cell and Tissue Reserch, v.236, p.643-649, 1984. de JONG-BRINK, M. How schistosomes profit from the stress responses they elicit in their hosts. Advances Parasitology, v.35, p.177-256, 1995. de JONG-BRINK, M.; ELSAADANY, M. M.; BOER, H. H. Trichobilharzia ocellata: interference with endocrine controlo of endocrine reproduction of Lymnaea stagnalis. Experimental Parasitology, v.65, p.92-100, 1988. DE WITH, N. D.; SMINIA, T. The effects of the nutritional state and the external concentration of the ionic composition of the haemolymph and on the calcium cells in the pulmonate freshwater snail Lymnaea stagnalis. Proceedings of the Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie von Wetenschappen, v.83, p.213-227, 1980. DICTUS, W. J. A. G.; DE JONG-BRINK, M.; BOER, H. H. A neuropeptide (calfluxin) is involved in the regulation of the influx of clacium into mitochondria of the albumen gland of the freshwater snail Lymnaea stagnalis. General and Comparative Endocrinology, v.65, p.439-450, 1987. DILLON, R. T. The ecology of freshwater molluscs. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, p.509, 2000. DIXON, B. R.; FLOHR, R. B. Fish and Shellfish-borne trematode infection in Canada. Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health, v.28, p.58-64, 1997. DOUGLAS, W. R.; HASKIN, H. H. Oyster-MSX interactions: alterations in hemolymph enzyme activities in Crassostrea virginica during the course of Minchinia nelsoni disease development. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, v.27, p.317-323, 1976. ESTEBAN, J. G.; MU OZ-ANTOLI, C. Echinostomes: Systematics and Life Cycles. In: FRIED, B.; TOLEDO, R. The Biology of Echinostomes. 1. ed. New York: Springer Science, 2009. p.1-34. FRIED, B. Infectivity, growth and development of Echinostoma revolutum (Trematoda) in the domestic chick. Journal of Helminthology, v.58, p.241-244, 1984. FRIED, B.; DONOVICK, R. A.; EMILI, S. Infectivity, growth and development of Echinostoma liei (Trematoda) in the domestic chick. International Journal for Parasitology, v.18, p.413-414, 1988. 73 FRIED, B.; HUFFMAN, J. E. The biology of the intestinal trematode Echinostoma caproni. Advances in Parasitology, v.38, p.311-368, 1996. FRIED, B.; NANNI, T. J.; REDDY, A.; FUJINO, T. Maintenance of the life cycle of Echinostoma trivolvis (Trematoda) in dexamethasone-treated ICR mice and laboratory-raised Helisoma trivolvis (Gastropoda). Parasitology Research, v.83, p.16-19, 1997. FUJINO, T.; FRIED, B. Echinostoma caproni and E. trivolvis alter the binging of glycoconjugates in the intestinal mucosa of C3H mice as determined by lectin histochemistry. Journal of Helminthology, v.67, p.179-188, 1993. FUJINO, T.; ICHIKAWA, H.; FRIED, B.; FUKUDA, K. The expulsion of Echinostoma trivolvis: suppressive effects of dexamethasone on goblet cell hyperplasia and worm rejection in C3H/ HeN mice. Parasite, v.3, p.283-289, 1996. FUJINO, T.; WASHIOKA, H.; SASAKI, K.; TONOSAKI, A.; FRIED, B. Comparative ultrastructure study of lamellar gastrodermal projections in Echinostoma paraensei, E. caproni, and E. trivolvis (Trematoda: Echinostomatidae). Parasitology Research, v.85, p.655-660, 1999. GARCIA, J. S.; HOOPER, C. S.; SIMÕES, R. O.; SANTOS, M. A. J.; MALDONADO Jr., A.; PINHEIRO, J. Biochemical and histological responses of Rattus novergicus (Wistar) infected by Echinostoma paraensei (Trematoda: Echinostomatidae). Veterinary Parasitology, v.178, p.86-92, 2011. GIOKAS, S.; PAFILIS, P.; VALAKOS, E. Ecological and physiological adaptations of the land snail Albinaria caerulea (Pulmonata: Clausiliidae). Journal of Mollusks Students, v.71, n.1, p.15-23, 2005. GRACZYK, T. K.; FRIED, B. Echinostomiasis: a common but forgotten food-borne disease. American Journal Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, v.58, p.501-504, 1998. GRESS, F. M.; CHENG, T. C. Alterations in total serum protein fractions in Biomphalaria glabrata parasitized by Schistosoma mansoni. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, v.22, p.382-390, 1973. GUTIERREZ, A. Fasciola hepatica (Trematoda: Digenea): its effect on the life history traits of Pseudosuccinea columella (Gastropoda: Lymnaeidae), an uncommon interaction. Parasitology Research, v.88, p.535-539, 2002. HASEEB, M. A.; EVELAND, L. K. Human echinostomiases. In: FRIED, B.; GRACZYK, T. K. Echinostomes as experimental models for biological research. 1. ed. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2000. p. 83-98. HERMAN, S. M.; BACHA, W. J. JR. Growth, development, and site location of the trematode Himasthla quissetensis in the chick following cloacal drop infections with cercariae. Journal of Parasitology, v.64, p.827-830, 1978. 74 HEYNEMAN, D. On the origin of complex life cycles in digenetic flukes. In: CABALLERO, E. Libro Homenaje al Dr. Eduardo Caballero Y Caballero Jubileo. 1 ed. Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biologica: Mexico, 1960. p. 130-153. HINKLE, P. C.; MCCARTY, R. E. How cells make ATP. Scientific American, v.238, p.104-123, 1978. HUFFMAN, J. E. Echinostomes in veterinary and wildlife parasitology. In: FRIED, B.; GRACZYK, T. K. Echinostomes as experimental models for biological research. Dordrecht: Kluwer, 2000. p.59-82. HUFFMAN, J. E.; FRIED, B. Echinostoma and echinostomiasis. Advances in Parasitology, v.29, p.215-269, 1990. HUMPHRIES, J. E.; REDDY, A.; FRIED, B. Infectivity and growth of Echinostoma revolutum (Froelich, 1802) in the domestic chick. International Journal for Parasitology, v.27, p.129-130, 1997. IDRIS, N.; FRIED, B. Development, hatching and infectivity of Echinostoma caproni (Trematoda) eggs, and histologic and histochemical observations of the miracidia. Parasitology Research, v.82, p.136-142, 1996. KANEV, I. Life cycle, delimitation and redescription of Echinostoma revolutum (Fr elich, 1802) (Trematoda: Echinotomatidae). Systematic Parasitology, v.28, p.125-144, 1994. KANEV, I; RADEV, V; STERNER, M; FRIED, B. An Overwiew on the Biology of Echinostomes. In: Echinostomes as Experimental Models for Biological Research. Fried,B; Craczyk, TK. Kluwer Academic Publishers. The Netherlands, 1-30p. 2000. KIM, S.; FRIED, B. Pathological effects of Ecinostoma caproni (Trematoda) in the domestic chick. Journal of Helminthology, v.63, p.227-230, 1989. KING, K. C.; MCLAUGHLIN, J. D.; GENDRON, A. D.; PAULI, B. D.; GIROUX, I.; RONDEAU, B.; BOILY, M.; JUNEAU, P.; MARCOGLIESE, D. J. Impacts of agriculture on the parasite communities of northern leopard frogs (Rana pipiens) in southern Quebec, Canada. Parasitology, v.134, p.2063-2080, 2007. KOSTADINOVA, A.; GIBSON, D. I. The Systematics of the Echinostomes. In: FRIED, B.; GRACYZK, T. K. Echinostomes as Experimental Models for Biological Research. 1. ed. Dordrecht: Kluwer, 2000. p. 31-57. KURELEC, B. Catabolic path of arginine and NAD regeneration in the parasite Fasciola hepatica. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, v.51B, p.151–156, 1975. JARNE, P.; DELAY, B. Populations genetics of freshwater snails. Tree, v.6, p.383-386, 1991. LAFFERTY, K. D. Foraging on prey that are modified by parasites. The American Naturalist, v.140, p.854-867, 1992. 75 LEE, K. J.; PARK, S. K.; IM, J. A.; KIM, S. K.; KIM, G. H.; KIM, G. Y.; YANG, E. J.; RYANG, Y. S. Susceptibility of several strains of mice to Echinostoma hortense infection. Korean Journal of Parasitology, v.42, p.51-56, 2004. LIE, K. J; BASCH, P. F. The life history of Echinostoma paraensei (Trematoda: Echinostomatidae). Journal of Parasitolology, v.53, p.1192-1199, 1967. LIRA, C. R. S.; GOMES, E. M.; CHAGAS, G. M.; PINHEIRO, J. Influ ncia do jejum severo sobre o conte do de prote nas totais e de am nio na hemolinfa de Bradybaena similaris (F russac, 1821) (Gastropoda). Revista Brasileira de Zoologia, v.17, p.907-913, 2000. LUTZ, A. Estudos sobre a evolu o dos Endotrematodes brasileiros. Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, v.17, p.55-57, 1924. MABUS, J.; HUFFMAN, J. E.; FRIED, B. Humoral and cellular response to infection with Echinostoma revolutum in the golden hamster, Mesocricetus auratus. Journal of Helminthology, v.62, p.127-132, 1988. MALDONADO JR A. 2002. Biologia Parasitária de Trematódeos de Ocorrência no Município de Sumidouro, Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Tese de Doutorado. Funda o do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, IOC, Rio de Janeiro, RJ. 99p. MALDONADO, A. JR., COURA, R.; GARCIA, J. G.; LANFREDI, R. M.; REY, L. Changes on Schistosoma mansoni (Digenea: Schistosomatidae) worm load in Nectomys squamipes (Rodentia: Sigmodontidae) concurrently infected with Echinostoma paraensei (Digenea: Echinostomatidae). Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, v.96, p.193–198, 2001B. MALDONADO, A. JR.; GENTILE, R.; FERNANDES, C. M.; D’ANDREA, P. S.; LANFREDI, R. M.; REY, L. Helminth communities of Nectomys squamipes (Rodentia: Sigmodontinae) naturally infected by the exotic trematode Schistosoma mansoni in southeastern Brazil. Journal of Helminthology, v.80, p.369-375, 2006. MALDONADO, A. JR.; LOKER, E. S.; MORGAN, J. A. T; REY, L.; LANFREDI, R. M. Description of the adult worms of a new Brazilian isolate of Echinostoma paraensei (Platyhelminthes: Digenea) from its natural vertebrate host Nectomys squamipes by light and scanning electron microscopy and molecular analysis. Parasitology Research, v.87, p.840– 848, 2001A. MANOHAR, L.; RAO, P. V.; SWAMI, K. S. Variations in aminotransferase activity and total free amino acid level in the body fluid of the snail Lymnaea luteola during different larval trematode infection. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, v.19, p.36-41, 1972. MCCLELLAND, G.; BOURNS, T. K. R. Effects of Trychobilharzia ocellata on growth, reproduction and survival of Lymnaea stagnalis. Exptl. Parasit., v.24, p.137-146, 1969. MINCHELLA, D. J. Host life-history variation in response to parasitism. Parasitology, v.90, p.205-216, 1985. MINIST RIO DA SA DE BRASIL. Vigil ncia e controle de moluscos de import ncia epidemiol gica. Diretrizes t cnicas: Programa de Vigil ncia e Controle da Esquistossomose 76 (PCE)/ Minist rio da Sa de, Secretaria de Vigil ncia em Sa de, Departamento de Vigil ncia Epidemiol gica. 2. ed. Bras lia Editora do Minist rio da Sa de- S rie A. Normas e Manuais T cnicos, 2007. 178p. MODENA, C. M.; COELHO, P. M. Z.; BARBOSA, F. S.; LIMA, W. S. Transmission of Schistosoma mansoni under experimental conditions using the bovine – Biomphalaria glabrata – bovine model. Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo, v.35, p.11-16, 1993. MODENA, C. M.; LIMA, W. S.; COELHO, P. M. Z. Wild and domesticated animals as reservoirs of Schistosoma mansoni in Brazil. Acta Tropica, v.108, p.242-244, 2008. MOHAMED, A. M.; ISHAK, M. M. Comparative effects of schistosome infection and starvation on the respiratory transport chain of the snails Biomphalaria alexandrina and Bulinus truncatus. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, v.71B, p.289-292, 1982. MOORE, J. Responses of an avian predator and its isopod prey to an acanthocephalan parasite. Ecology, v.64, p.1000-10015, 1983. MOORE, J.; GOTELLI, N. J. A phylogenetic perspective on the evolution of altered host behaviours: A critical look at the manipulation hypothesis. In: BARNARD, C. J.; BEHNKE, J. M. Parasitism and host behaviour. 1. ed. Taylor and Francis: London, 1990. p.193-233. MOSS, D. W.; HENDERSON, A. R. Enzimas. In: BURTIS, C. A.; ASHWOOD, E. R. Fundamentos de Química Clínica. 4. ed. Rio de Janeiro: Guanabara Koogan, 1998. p.275- 325. MOSTAFA, O. M. S. Effects of Schistosoma mansoni and Schistosoma haematobium infections on calcium content in their intermediate hosts. Parasitology Research, v.101, p.963-966, 2007. MULLICAN, S. K.; HUFFMAN, J. E.; FRIED, B. infectivity and comparative pathology of Ecinostoma caproni, Echinostoma revolutum and Echinostoma trivolvis (Trematoda) in the domestic chick. Comparative Parasitology, v.68, p.256-259, 2001. MU OZ-ANTOLI, C.; CARPENA, I.; ESPERT, A.; ESTEBAN, J. G.; TOLEDO, R. The effect of host species on the development of Echinostoma friedi (Trematoda: Echinostomatidae) adult worms. Revista Ibérica de Parasitología, v.64, p.81-87, 2004. MU OZ-ANTOLI, C.; SOTILLO, J.; MONTEAGUDO, C.; FRIED, B.; MARCILLA, A.; TOLEDO, R. Development and pathology of Echinostoma caproni in experimentally infected mice. Journal of Parasitology, v.93, p.854-859, 2007. NARAYANAN, R.; VENKATESWARARA, P. Effect of xiphidiocercarial infections on oxidation of glycolitic and Krebs cycle intermediates in Lymnaea luteola (Mollusca). Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, v.36, n.1, p.21-24, 1980. NOBLE, E. R.; NOBLE, G. A. 1971. Parasitology, the Biology of Animal Parasites. Lea and Febiger, Philadelphia, 617 p. 77 OLAFSEN, J. A.; FLETCHER, T. C.; GRANT, P. T. Agglutinin activity in Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) hemolymph following in vivo Vibrio anguillarum challenge. Dev. Comparative Immunology, v.16, p.123-138, 1992. PAN, C. T. Studies on the host-parasite relationship between Schistosoma mansoni and the snail Australorbis glabratus. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, v.14, n.6, p.931-976, 1965. PARAENSE, W. L.; ARAUJO, M. V. Biomphalaria glabrata no Estado do Piau . Mem rias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, v.79, n.3, p.385-387, 1984. PARAENSE, W. L. Autofecunda o e fecunda o cruzada em Australorbis glabratus. Mem rias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, v.53, n.2-4, p.276-284, 1955. PARK, C. J.; KIM, J. A human case of Echinostoma hortense infection diagnosed by endoscopy in area of southwestern Korea. Korea Journal of Medicine, v.71, p.229-234, 2006. PASCHOAL, S. V.; AMATO, S. B. Eurytrema coelomaticum (Giard & Billet) (Digenea, Dicrocoeliidae) em Bradybaena similaris (F russac) (Gastropoda, Xanthonychidae): Altera es nos Dep sitos de C lcio e na Fun o Reprodutiva do Primeiro Hospedeiro Intermedi rio. Revista Brasileira de Zoologia, v.13, p.411-418, 1996. PERLOWAGORA-SZUMLEWICZ. Survival, growth, and fecundity of Australorbis glabratus: snails developed from eggs exposed to ionizing irradiation. Experimental Parasitology, v.15, p.232-241, 1964. PINHEIRO, J. Influence of starvation on the glycogen and galactogen contents in the snail Bradybaena similaris (F russac, 1821) (Mollusca, Gastropoda). Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology, v.39, p.349-357, 1996. PINHEIRO, J. Morfologia e ultraestrutura dos ovos e est gios larvais de Echinostoma parensei Lie & Basch, 1967 (Trematoda: Echinostomatidae) e fisiologia comparada da sua intera o com Lymnaea columella Say, 1817 (Mollusca: Gastropoda). 2003. 116f. Tese (Doutorado em Ci ncias Biol gicas - Biof sica). Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 2003. PINHEIRO, J.; AMATO, S. B. Calcium determination in the shell of Lymnaea columella (Mollusca, Gastropoda) infected with Fasciola hepatica (Platyhelminthes, Digenea). Arquivos de Biologia e Tecnologia, v.38, p.761-767, 1995. PINHEIRO, J.; MALDONADO, A. JR.; LANFREDI, R. M. Physiological changes in Lymnaea columella (Say, 1817) (Mollusca, Gastropoda) in response to Echinostoma paraensei Lie and Basch, 1967 (Trematoda: Echinostomatidae) infection. Parasitology Research, v.106, p.55-59, 2009. POKORA, Z.; SZILMAN, P.; POKORA, I. Histochemiczna ocena ilości lipid w w kom rkach gruczołu wątrobotrzustkowego Lymnaea stagnalis (L.) (Gastropoda, Pulmonata) naturalnie zarażonych przez larwy przywr digenetycznych. Wiadomości Parazytologiczne, v.39, p.29-38, 1993. 78 PONDER, E. L.; FRIED, B.; SHERMA, J. Effects of hipotonicity on amino acid release in adult Echinostoma caproni as determined by thin layer chromatography. Parasitology Research, v.89, p.242-244, 2003. RAATIKAINEN, M. The effect of different sexes of the parasite Elenchus tenuicornis (Kirby) on the morphology of the adult Javasella pellucida (F.) (Hom., Delpahacidae). Annals of Entomology Fenn., v.32, p.138-146, 1966. RAWI, S. M.; EL-GINDY, H. I.; HAGGAG, A. M.; ABOU EL HASSAN, A.; ABDEL KADER, A. New possible molluscicides from Calendula micrantha officinalis and Ammi majus plants’ physiological effect on Biomphalaria alexandrina and Bulinus -truncatus. Journal of Egyptian German Society of Zoology, v.16, p.69-75, 1995. RIM, H. J. Echinostomiasis. In: RIM, H. J. CRC Handbook Series in Zoonoses, Section C: Parasitc Zoonoses. 1. ed. Florida, USA: CRC, 1982. p. 53-69. ROHDE, K. Phylogenetic origen of trematodes. Parasitologische Schriftenreihe, v.21, p.17- 27, 1971. ROHDE, K. The Aspidogastrea: An archaic group of Platyhelminthes. In: LITTLEWOOD, D. T. J.; BRAY, R. A. Interrelationships of the Platyhelminthes. 1. ed. London: CRC, 2001. P. 159-167. RUPP, J. C. Parasite-altered behaviour: impact of infection and starvation on mating in Biomphalaria glabrata. Parasitogy, v.113, p.357-365, 1996. RYANG, Y. S.; YANG, E. J.; KIM, J. L.; LEE, K. J.; SUNG, H. J.; KIM, J. B.; KIM, I. S. Immune response and inhibitory effect of Ketotifen on the BALB/c and C3H/HeN mice infected with Echinostoma hortense. Parasitology Research, v.101, p.1103-1110, 2007. SANTOS, S. B.; PIMENTA, A. D.; THIENGO, S. C.; THOM , J. W.; ABSAL¥O, R. S.; MANSUR, M. C. D.; VIDIGAL, T. H. D. A.; FERNANDEZ, M. A.; TOM S, A. R. G.; MESQUITA, E. F. M.; SALGADO, N. C.; MATTHEWS-CASCON, H.; MARTINS, I. X.; ROCHA-BARREIRA, C.; KAWANO, T. Mollusca. In: ROCHA, R. M.; BOEGER, W. A. Estado da arte e perspectiva para a Zoologia no Brasil. Universidade Federal do Paran , Curitiba, PR, 2009. p. 66-90. SCHMALE, H.; BECKER, W. Studies on the urea cycle of Biomphalaria glabrata during normal feeding activity, in starvation and with infection of Schistosoma mansoni. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, p.321-330, 1977. SIANTO, L.; REINHARD, K. J.; CHAME, M.; CHAVES, S.; MENDON A, S.; GON ALVES, M. L.; FERNANDES, A.; FERREIRA, L. F.; ARA JO, A. The finding of Echinostoma (Trematoda: Digenea) and hookworm eggs in coprolites collected from a Brazilian mummified body dated 600-1200 years before present. Journal of Parasitology, v.9, p.972-975, 2005. SLOSS, B.; MEECE, J.; ROMANO, M.; NOLLEN, P. The genetic relationships between Echinostoma caproni, Echinostoma paraensei, and Echinostoma trivolvis as determined by electrophoresis. Journal of Helminthology, v.69, p.243-246, 1995. 79 SLUITERS, J. F. Development of Trichobilharzia ocellata in Lymnaea stagnalis and the effects of infection on the reproductive system of the host. Zeitschrift fur Parasitenkinde, v.64, p.303–319, 1981. SLUITERS, J. F.; BRUSSAARD-WUST, C. C. M.; MEULEMAN, E. A. The relationship between miracidial dose, production of cercariae, and reproductive activity of the host in the combination Trichobilharzia ocellata and Lymnaea stagnalis. Zeitschrift fur Parasitenkunde, v.63, p.13-26, 1980. SMITH TRAIL, D. R. Behavioral interactions between parasites and hosts: Host suicide and the evolution of complex life cycles. The American Naturalist, v.116, p.77-91, 1980. SOUZA, C. P.; LIMA, L. C.; JANNOTTI-PASSOS, L. K.; FERREIRA, S. S.; GUIMAR¥ES, C. T.; VIEIRA, L. B. F.; MARIANI, R. Moluscos l mnicos da Microrregi o de Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, com nfase nos vetores de parasitoses. Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical, v.31, n.5, p.449-456, 1998. SOUZA, C. P.; LIMA, L. C. Moluscos de interesse parasitológico do Brasil. Belo Horizonte: FIOCRUZ/ CPqRR, 2¦ ed. 79p, 1997. SOUZA, C. P.; LIMA, L. C. Moluscos de interesse parasitol gico do Brasil. Centro de Pesquisa Ren Rachou: Fiocruz; BH, p.76, 1990. STANISLAWSKY, E.; BECKER, W.; MULLER, G. Alterations of free amino acid content in the hemolymph of Biomphalaria glabrata (Pulmonata) in starvation and after infection with Schistosoma mansoni (Trematoda). Comparative Biochemistry and Phisiology, v. 63B, p.477-482, 1979. STOREY, K. B. Life in the slow lane: molecular mechanisms of estivation. Comparative Biochemistry and Phisiology, v.133A, n.3, p.733-754, 2002. STUART, J. A.; GILLIS, T. E.; BALLANTYNE, J. S. Remodeling of phospholipid fatty acids in mitochondrial membranes of estivating snails. Lipids, v.33, n.8, p.787-793, 1998. ŚWIDERSKI, Z.; MACKIEWICZ, J. S. Ultrastructural studies on the cellular organisation of the coracidium of the cestode Bothriocephalus clavibothrium Ariola, 1899 (Pseudophyllidea, Bothriocephalidae). Acta Parasitologica, v.49, p.116-139, 2004. TAFT, S. J.; SUCHOW, K.; VANHORN, M. Helminths from some Minnesota and Wisconsin raptors. Journal of Helminthological Society of Washington, v.60, p.260-263, 1993. TEODORO, T. M.; JANOTTI-PASSOS, L. K.; CARVALHO, O. S.; CALDEIRA, R. L. Occurrence of Biomphalaria cousini (Mollusca: Gastropoda) in Brazil and its susceptibility to Schistosoma mansoni (Platyhelminths: Trematoda). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, v.57, p.144-151, 2010. 80 THIENGO, S. C.; MATTOS, A. C.; BOAVENTURA, M. F.; LOUREIRO, M. S.; SANTOS, S. B., FERNANDEZ, M. A. Freshwater snails and schistosomiasis mansoni in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: V - Norte Fluminense Mesoregion. Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, v.99, n.1, p.99-103, 2004. THOMAS, J. D.; BENJAMIN, M.; LOUGH, A.; ARAM, R. H. The effects of calcium in the external environment on thegrowth and natality rates of Biomphalaria glabrata (Say). Journal of Animal Ecology, v.43, p.839-860, 1974. THOMPSON, S. N.; MEJIA-SCALES, V.; BORCHARDT, D. B. Physiologic studies of snail-schistosome interaction and potential for improvement of in vitro culture of schistosomes. In Vitro Cellular and Developmental Biology, v.27A, p.497-504. 1991. TOFT, C. A.; AESCHLIMANN, A.; BOLIS, L. Parasite-host Associations: Coexistence or conflict? Oxford University Press, New York. 1991. TOLEDO, R. Immunology and Pathology of Echinostome Infections in the Definitive Host. In: FRIED, B.; TOLEDO, R. The Biology of Echinostomes. 1. ed. New York: Springer Science, 2009. p.185-206. TOLEDO, R.; FRIED, B. Echinostomes as experimental models in adult parasite-vertebrate host interactions. Trends in Parasitology, v.21, p.251-254, 2005. TUAN, R.; SIM¨ES, L. C. G. Effect of self-fertilization on Biomphalaria tenagophila (Orbigny, 1835) (Pulmonata: Planorbidae). Genetics and Molecular Biology, v.21, n.4, p. 477-478, 1998. VEITENHEIMER-MENDES, I. L.; OHLWEILER, F. P.; BLUM, C. Gastr podes l mnicos (Mollusca), Hospedeiros Intermedi rios de Tremat deos (Platyelminthes) em Porto Alegre e Viam o, Rio Grande do Sul. Bioci ncias, v.3, n.1, p.73-84, 1995. VENKATA, R. K. G. Changes in the reserve food products of the fresh water snail, Lymnaea luteola infected with Cercaria diplocotylea. Journal Comparative Physiology and Ecology, v.5, n.4, p.235-237, 1980. WEBBE, G.; JAMES, C. Host-parasite relationships of Bulinus globosus and B. truncatus with strains of Schistosoma haeinatobim. Journal of Helminthology, v.46, p.185-199, 1972. WEINSTEIN, M. S.; FRIED, B. The expulsion of Echinostoma trivolvis and retention of Echinostoma caproni in the ICR mouse: pathological effects. International Journal for Parasitology, v.21, p.255-257, 1991. WHITE, M. M.; CHEJLAVA, M.; FRIED, B.; SHERMA, J. Effects of various larval digeneans on the calcium carbonate content of the shells of Helisoma trivolvis, Biomphalaria glabrata, and Physa sp. Parasitology Research, v.95, n.4, p.252–255, 2005. WRIGHT, C. A. 1971. Flukes and snails. Science of biology series no 4. George Allen and Unwin Ltd., London, p. 168. WULKER, W. Parasite-induced changes of internal and external sex characteristics in insects. Experimental Parasitology, v.15, p.561-597, 1964. 81 XIAO, X.; LU, D.; WANG, T. P.; GAO, J.; ZHU, C.; ZHANG, B.; AN, J.; PONG, H.; XU, M.; WU, W. Studies on the mode of human infection with Echinochasmus liliputanus. Chinese Journal of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases, v.13, p.197-199, 1995. XIAO, X.; WANG, T.; ZHENG, X.; SHEN, G.; TIAN, Z. In vivo and in vitro encystment of Echinochasmus liliputanus cercariae and biological activity of the metacercariae. Journal of Parasitology, v.91, p.492-498, 2005. YAMASHITA, J. Echinostome. In: YAMASHITA, J. Progress of Medical Parasitology in Japan. 1. ed. Tokyo: Meguro Parasitological Museum, 1964. p. 287-313. ZBIKOWSKA, E. The effect of digenea larvae on calcium content in the shells of Lymnaea stagnalis (L.) individuals. Journal of Parasitology, v.89, n.1, p.76–79, 2003. ZELCK, U. E.; BECKER, W.; BAYNE, C. J. The plasma proteins of Biomphalaria glabrata in the presence and absence of Schistosoma mansoni. Dev Comparative Immunology, v.19, n.3, p.181–194, 1995. | por |
dc.subject.cnpq | Medicina Veterinária | por |
dc.thumbnail.url | https://tede.ufrrj.br/retrieve/60943/2012%20-%20Victor%20Menezes%20Tunholi%20Alves.pdf.jpg | * |
dc.originais.uri | https://tede.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/jspui/3676 | |
dc.originais.provenance | Submitted by Sandra Pereira (srpereira@ufrrj.br) on 2020-06-25T18:20:31Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2012 - Victor Menezes Tunholi Alves.pdf: 4892646 bytes, checksum: dd22f6fc221412b2e9ad95acd60388d4 (MD5) | eng |
dc.originais.provenance | Made available in DSpace on 2020-06-25T18:20:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2012 - Victor Menezes Tunholi Alves.pdf: 4892646 bytes, checksum: dd22f6fc221412b2e9ad95acd60388d4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-02-27 | eng |
Appears in Collections: | Mestrado em Ciências Veterinárias |
Se for cadastrado no RIMA, poderá receber informações por email.
Se ainda não tem uma conta, cadastre-se aqui!
Files in This Item:
File | Description | Size | Format | |
---|---|---|---|---|
2012 - Victor Menezes Tunholi Alves.pdf | 2012 - Victor Menezes Tunholi Alves | 4.78 MB | Adobe PDF | View/Open |
Items in DSpace are protected by copyright, with all rights reserved, unless otherwise indicated.