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dc.contributor.authorRocha, Fernando Igne
dc.date.accessioned2023-12-22T02:49:06Z-
dc.date.available2023-12-22T02:49:06Z-
dc.date.issued2017-07-31
dc.identifier.citationROCHA, Fernando Igne. Intensificação ecológica: Serviços ecossistêmicos e manejo da comunidade de plantas espontâneas em paisagens agrícolas. 2017. 104 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Fitotecnia) - Instituto de Agronomia, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, 2017.por
dc.identifier.urihttps://rima.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/20.500.14407/13629-
dc.description.abstractA biodiversidade presente em agroecossistemas pode fornecer uma teia ecológica complexa que dá suporte à produção de alimentos, além de frear impactos gerados pela intensificação agrícola. O manejo efetivo da vegetação espontânea é um entrave particularmente importante, pois estas podem causar perdas de rendimentos nas lavouras, embora possam prover e amplificar inúmeros serviços ecossistêmicos por spillover. No entanto, o desenvolvimento e adequação de técnicas de controle de espécies competidoras é uma pauta crescente a fim de reduzir custos de produção com capina, bem como aumentar a qualidade ambiental em sistemas agrícolas. Com isso, o presente estudo teve como objetivo geral compreender em uma avaliação multiescala, se, e como diferentes parâmetros da paisagem agrícola e da intensidade de cultivo imprimem efeitos sobre a composição florística e funcional da comunidade de espontâneas, quando associados a diferentes tipos de manejo de capina, sendo: seletiva, convencional, cobertura viva com Diodia saponariifolia + capina seletiva e ausência de capina. Para tal, realizou-se um experimento em 8 unidades produtivas no assentamento São José da Boa Morte, município de Cachoeiras de Macacu/RJ, sendo 4 imersos em paisagem com alta densidade florestal e 4 em paisagem simplificada. O arranjo espacial da unidade produtiva contempla as escalas de: cultivo (0,5 ha), unidade produtiva (4,0 ha) e paisagem (95 ha) sendo cada uma destas caracterizadas quanto a sua intensidade de cultivo e métricas da paisagem. Realizou-se o levantamento fitossociológico e geração de índices de diversidade para avaliar os efeitos dos diferentes tratamentos sobre a comunidade de espontâneas, bem como a influência da cobertura viva associada a capina seletiva sobre a diminuição da biomassa de cyperáceas e poáceas. Através de levantamento bibliográfico, as espécies foram agrupadas quanto a aspectos funcionais relacionados à provisão de serviços ecossistêmicos. Modelos lineares generalizados (GLMs) foram utilizados para selecionar as variáveis de maior efeito quanto à influência das diferentes escalas da paisagem sobre a riqueza e abundância das espécies agrupadas funcionalmente. Nossas análises evidenciaram que a cobertura viva por D. saponariifolia associada ao manejo seletivo (CV+CS), bem como a capina seletiva (CS) isoladamente, promoveram o aumento na diversidade e equitabilidade entre as espécies da comunidade de espontâneas ao longo de quatro meses. A CV+CS respondeu positivamente na redução da biomassa de cyperáceas e não o suficiente para poáceas. A capina convencional (CC) se mostrou prejudicial em todos os parâmetros avaliados, respondendo positivamente ao aumento da dominância. A riqueza de espécies prestadoras de funções ecossistêmicas é determinada principalmente pelo uso do solo na escala da unidade produtiva, sendo influenciada positivamente pelo elemento arbóreo natural em forma de bosques, cercas-vivas e mata ciliares próximas aos agroecossistemas, e negativamente pelo elemento arbóreo exótico na escala da paisagem; A abundância destas espécies é igualmente determinada pela intensidade de uso do solo na escala da unidade produtiva e pela presença de fitofisionomias naturais próximas.por
dc.description.sponsorshipCNPq - Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológicopor
dc.formatapplication/pdf*
dc.languageporpor
dc.publisherUniversidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiropor
dc.rightsAcesso Abertopor
dc.subjectTipos de capinapor
dc.subjectComunidade de espontâneaspor
dc.subjectEscalas da paisagempor
dc.subjectCompetição. Composição funcionalpor
dc.subjectElemento arbóreopor
dc.subjectWeeding typeseng
dc.subjectWeed communityeng
dc.subjectLandscape scaleseng
dc.subjectCompetition. Functional compositioneng
dc.subjectArboreal element.eng
dc.titleIntensificação ecológica: serviços ecossistêmicos e manejo da comunidade de plantas espontâneas em paisagens agrícolaspor
dc.title.alternativeEcological intensification: ecosystem services and management of weed communities in agricultural landscapeseng
dc.typeDissertaçãopor
dc.description.abstractOtherBiodiversity present in agroecosystems can provide a complex ecological web that supports food production, in addition to curbing impacts generated by agricultural intensification. Effective management of spontaneous vegetation is a particularly important hindrance, as these can cause crop yield losses, although they can provide and amplify many ecosystem services by spillover. However, the development and adequacy of control techniques for competing species is an increasing agenda in order to reduce production costs with weeding as well as to increase environmental quality in agricultural systems. The aim of the present study was to understand, in a multiscale assessment, whether and how different parameters of the agricultural landscape and the intensity of cultivation have effects on the floristic and functional composition of the spontaneous community when associated to different types of management of weed, being: selective, conventional, living cover with Diodia saponariifolia + selective weeding and absence of weeding. For that, an experiment was carried out in 8 productive units in the São José da Boa Morte settlement, Cachoeiras de Macacu/RJ/Brazil, 4 of which were immersed in a landscape with high forest density and 4 in a simplified landscape. The spatial arrangement of the production unit includes the following scales: tillage (0.5 ha), farm (4.0 ha) and landscape (95 ha), each of which is characterized for its cultivation intensity and landscape metrics. A phytosociological survey and generation of diversity indexes were carried out to evaluate the effects of the different treatments on the community of spontaneous, as well as the influence of the living cover associated to selective weeding on the decrease of the biomass of cyperaceae and poaceae. Through a bibliographical survey, the species were grouped regarding functional aspects related to the provision of ecosystem services. Generalized linear models (GLMs) were used to select the variables with the greatest effect on the influence of the different landscape scales on the richness and abundance of the functionally grouped species. Our analyzes showed that the living cover by D. saponariifolia associated with selective weeding (LC + SW), as well as selective weeding (SW) alone, promoted the increase in diversity and equitability among the species of the spontaneous community over four months. LC + SW responded positively in reducing the biomass of cyperaceae and not enough for poaceae. Conventional weeding (CW) was detrimental in all evaluated parameters, responding positively to the increase in dominance. The richness of species providing ecosystem functions is mainly determined by the use of the soil in the scale of the productive unit, being positively influenced by the natural arboreal element in the form of forests, live fences and woods close to the agroecosystems, and negatively by the exotic arboreal element in the landscape scale; The abundance of these species is also determined by the intensity of land use on the scale of the farm and by the presence of nearby natural phytophysiognomieseng
dc.contributor.advisor1Machado, Aroldo Ferreira Lopes
dc.contributor.advisor1ID031.360.456-88por
dc.contributor.advisor1Latteshttp://lattes.cnpq.br/1657705026007826por
dc.contributor.advisor-co1Uzêda, Mariella Camardelli
dc.contributor.advisor-co1ID465.566.305-78por
dc.contributor.advisor-co1Latteshttp://lattes.cnpq.br/5351884387366609por
dc.contributor.referee1Macedo, Robert de Oliveira
dc.contributor.referee2Siddique, Ilyas
dc.creator.ID121.354.417-32por
dc.creator.Latteshttp://lattes.cnpq.br/7545538088235238por
dc.publisher.countryBrasilpor
dc.publisher.departmentInstituto de Agronomiapor
dc.publisher.initialsUFRRJpor
dc.publisher.programPrograma de Pós-Graduação em Fitotecniapor
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