Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item:
https://rima.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/20.500.14407/14210
Full metadata record
DC Field | Value | Language |
---|---|---|
dc.contributor.author | Ferreira, Raquel Teixeira | |
dc.date.accessioned | 2023-12-22T02:57:30Z | - |
dc.date.available | 2023-12-22T02:57:30Z | - |
dc.date.issued | 2011-09-30 | |
dc.identifier.citation | FERREIRA, Raquel Teixeira. Efeito antinociceptivo e anti-inflamatório do extrato metanólico das partes aéreas da Cleome spinosa Jacq (St. hil.) (mussambê) e de compostos flavonóides isolados. 2011.104 f. Dissertação (Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Veterinária (Patologia e Ciências Clínicas) - Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica. | por |
dc.identifier.uri | https://rima.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/20.500.14407/14210 | - |
dc.description.abstract | A Cleome spinosa (Brassicaceae), popularmente conhecida como mussambê ou sete-marias, tem o chá de suas raízes utilizado no combate de processos inflamatórios, tosse, asma ou bronquite, e o sumo das folhas em otites e feridas. A eficácia da espécie no tratamento das bronquites asmáticas foi caracterizada, bem como foram isolados diterpenos, flavonóides, catequinas, chalconas e alcalóides de seus extratos. Alguns flavonóides apresentaram atividades anti-oxidante, antifúngica, antibacteriana, antimutagênica e anti-espasmódica. Considerando estes indicativos e utilizando metodologias farmacológicas, esse trabalho avaliou o potencial antinociceptivo e anti-inflamatório do extrato metanólico das partes aéreas da Cleome spinosa (EMCS) e dos flavonóides F10-16 e F11-13, administrados pela via oral, e mecanismos de ação envolvidos. Na avaliação antinociceptiva pelo teste da formalina em camundongos, evidenciou-se que o EMCS (1g/kg) reduziu o tempo de reatividade dos animais na 1ª (60,8%) e na 2ª fase (81,5%), sugerindo o envolvimento de mecanismos de ação central e anti-inflamatória na antinocicepção. Pelo método de Hargreaves, essa mesma dose do EMCS inibiu a dor incisional em ratos na segunda etapa (3o dia) do experimento, nos tempos de 3, 6, 9 e 12 horas após o tratamento, com inibição da hiperalgesia térmica de até 44,9%. De maneira semelhante, no teste de von Frey, ocorreu redução da alodinia mecânica nos tempos de 1, 3, 6, 9, 12 e 24 horas, com inibição máxima de 29,6%, bem como no 7º, 10º e 14º dias. Na avaliação anti-inflamatória através do teste da pleurisia induzida por carragenina em camundongos, o EMCS (1g/kg) foi capaz de reduzir a migração leucocitária (37,1%), bem como o extravasamento protéico para a cavidade pleural (32,1%). Estas propriedades anti-inflamatórias do EMCS foram confirmadas através da dosagem ex vivo (ELISA) do TNF-α no exsudato obtido da pleurisia, observando-se redução de 29,8% na concentração deste mediador inflamatório. A participação dos flavonóides F10-16 e/ou F11-13 na efetividade antinociceptiva e anti-inflamatória do EMCS foi investigada. No teste das contorções abdominais induzidas por ácido acético em camundongos, o F10-16 (0,5; 1 e 2mg/kg) reduziu de maneira dose dependente as contorções (ID50=1,47mg/kg). Na formalina, a administração dos compostos F10-16 ou F11-13 (2mg/kg) inibiu a 2ª fase de nocicepção em 51,4 e 38,7% respectivamente. Nos testes da pleurisia e do edema de pata por carragenina em camundongos, o F10-16 ou F11-13 (2mg/kg) inibiram a migração leucocitária (42,7% e 39,0%) e a formação do edema em até 47,1% e 43,7% respectivamente, reduzindo também a concentração de TNF-α em 8,5% (F10-16) e 11,5% (F11-13). Na avaliação in vitro (ELISA) da influência dos flavonóides (6,75 a 200μg/mL) na atividade das cicloxigenases 1 e 2, o F11-13 apresentou inibição preferencial da COX-1 enquanto que o F10-16 inibiu seletivamente a COX-2. Na fosfolipase A2, os flavonóides (1mg/mL) inibiram 34,6% (F11-13) e 16,7% (F10-16) a atividade da enzima. Esses resultados indicam que a antinocicepção do EMCS envolve mecanismos anti-inflamatórios, através da inibição de enzimas responsáveis pela síntese de mediadores pró-inflamatórios e com a participação dos compostos flavonóides nesta efetividade, podendo estes resultados explicar algumas das indicações populares da Cleome spinosa. | por |
dc.description.sponsorship | Restauração e Expansão das Universidades Federais, REUNI, Brasil. | por |
dc.format | application/pdf | * |
dc.language | por | por |
dc.publisher | Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro | por |
dc.rights | Acesso Aberto | por |
dc.subject | Cleome spinosa | por |
dc.subject | antinociceptivo | por |
dc.subject | anti-inflamatório | por |
dc.subject | Cleome spinosa,, . | eng |
dc.subject | antinociceptive | eng |
dc.subject | anti-inflammatory | eng |
dc.title | Efeito antinociceptivo e anti-inflamatório do extrato metanólico das partes aéreas da Cleome spinosa Jacq (St. hil.) (mussambê) e de compostos flavonóides isolados. | por |
dc.title.alternative | Antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effect of methanolic extract obtained from aerial parts of Cleome spinosa Jacq (St. Hil.) (mussambê) and isolated flavonoids compounds. | eng |
dc.type | Dissertação | por |
dc.description.abstractOther | Cleome spinosa (Brassicaceae) is popularly known as mussambê or sete-marias. The tea of its roots is used to treat of inflammatory processes, cough, asthma and bronchitis, and the juice of the leaves to ear infections and wounds. The effectiveness of this species in treatment of asthmatic bronchitis was characterized, and from their extracts diterpenes, flavonoids, catechins, chalcones and alkaloids were isolated. Some flavonoids showed anti-oxidant, antifungal, antibacterial, antimutagenic and anti-spasmodic activity. Considering these indications and using pharmacological methodologies, this study evaluated the antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory potential of the methanolic extract from aerial parts of Cleome spinosa (EMCS) and flavonoids compounds F10-16 and F11-13, orally administered, and the mechanisms of action involved. In the antinociceptive evaluation through the formalin test in mice, the EMCS (1g/kg) reduced the reactivity of animals in the 1st (60.8%) and 2nd phases (81.5%), suggesting the involvement of central and anti-inflammatory mechanisms in the antinociception. In the Hargeaves method, the same dose of EMCS inhibited the incisional pain in rats in the 2nd stage (3rd day) of the experiment, at 3, 6, 9 and 12 hours after treatment, with maximum inhibition of thermal hyperalgesia of 44,9%. Similarly, in von Frey test, the reduction in mechanical allodynia occurred 1, 3, 6, 9, 12 and 24 hours , with maximum inhibition of 29,6%, as well in the 7, 10 and 14 days. In anti-inflammatory evaluating with carrageenan-induced pleurisy test, the EMCS (1g/kg) was able to reduce leukocyte migration (37.1%), as well as protein leakage to pleural cavity (32.1%). The anti-inflammatory properties of EMCS were confirmed through ex vivo dosage (ELISA) of TNF-α present in exudate obtained from pleurisy test, with concentration reduction (29.8%) of this inflammatory mediator. The flavonoids (F10-16 and/or F11-13) involvement of antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activity of EMCS was investigated. In the writhing test (acetic acid in mice), the F10-16 (0.5, 1 and 2 mg/kg) produced dose-related inhibition of writhing (ID50= 1.47 mg/kg). In formalin test, the administration of F10-16 or F11-13 (2mg/kg) inhibited the 2nd phase of nociception at 51.4 and 38.7% respectively. In carragenan-induced pleurisy and paw edema tests in mice, the F10-16 or F11-13 (2mg/kg) inhibited leukocyte migration (42.7% and 39.0%) and edema formation by up to 47.1% and 43.7% respectively, also reducing the concentration of TNF-α by 8.5% (F10-16) and 11.5% (F11-13). The in vitro evaluation (ELISA) of flavonoids (6,75 to 200μg/mL) influence of cycloxygenase 1 and 2 activity, the F11-13 showed preferential inhibition of COX-1, while F10-16 selectively inhibited COX-2. In the phospholipase A2 assay, flavonoids (1mg/mL) inhibited 34.6% (F11-13) and 16.7% (F10-16) the enzyme activity. These results indicate that the EMCS antinociception involves anti-inflammatory mechanisms, through inhibiting of enzymes responsible for synthesis of pro-inflammatory mediators, with the participation of flavonoids compounds in this effectiveness. These results may explain some of the popular indications of Cleome spinosa. | eng |
dc.contributor.advisor1 | Vanderlinde, Frederico Argollo | |
dc.contributor.advisor1ID | 492.958.967-34 | por |
dc.contributor.advisor1Lattes | http://lattes.cnpq.br/3183716703092107 | por |
dc.creator.ID | 113.952.957-94 | por |
dc.creator.Lattes | http://lattes.cnpq.br/5743321655120732 | por |
dc.publisher.country | Brasil | por |
dc.publisher.department | Instituto de Veterinária | por |
dc.publisher.initials | UFRRJ | por |
dc.publisher.program | Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Veterinária (Patologia e Ciências Clínicas) | por |
dc.relation.references | ABEL-MOGIB, M. A lupane triterpenoid from Maerua oblongifolia. Photochemistry. v. 51, p. 445-448. 1999. AHMED, A.A.; KATTAB, A.M.; BODIGE, S.G.; MAD, Y.; MINTER, D.E.; REINECKE, M.G.; WATSON, W.H.; MABRY, T.J. 15 α-acetoxycleoblynol A from Cleome amblyocarpa. Journal of Natural Products. v. 64, n. 1, p. 106-107. 2001. ALEY, K.O.; LEVINE, J.D. Role of protein kinase A in the maintenance of inflammatory pain. Journal of Neuroscience. v. 19, n. 6, p. 2181-2186. 1999. ALEY, K.O.; MESSING, R.O.; MOCHLY-ROSEN, D.; LEVINE, J.D. Chronic hypersensivity for inflammatory nociceptor sensitization mediated by the epsilon isozyme of protein kinase C. Journal of Neuroscience. v. 20, n. 12, p. 4680-4685. 2000. ALICE, C.B.; SIQUEIRA, N.C.S.; MENTZ, L.A.; SILVA, G.A.A.B.; JOSÉ, K.F.D. Plantas medicinais de uso popular: Atlas Farmacognóstico. 1995. Canoas: Ulbra. ALMEIDA, M.Z. Plantas medicinais, 2 ed. Salvador: Editora EDUFBA, P.31, 147, 181. 2003. ALMEIDA, T.F.; ROIZENBLATT, S.; TUFIK, S. Afferent pain pathways: a neuroanatomical review. Brain Research. v. 1000, p. 40-56, 2004. AMMENDOLA, G.; DI ROSA, G.M.; SORRENTINO, L. Leucocyte migration and lysosomal enzymes release in rat carrageenin pleurisy. Agents Actions. v. 5, p.250-255. 1975. ANIL, B.R.; CHATTOPADHYAY, SUNIL, K.; SANDEEP, K.; CHOHACHI, K.; YOSHINOBU, K.; HIROSHI, H. Structures of cleomiscosins, coumarinolignoids of Cleome viscosa seeds. Tetrahedron. v. 41, n. 1, p. 209-214. 1985. BALUNAS, M. J.; KINGHORN, D. Drug discovery from medicinal plants. Life Sciences. v. 78, p. 431-441. 2005. BASBAUM, A. I.; JULIUS, D. Novos alvos contra a dor. Scientific American Brasil. v. 50, p. 76-83. 2006. BEERS, M.H.; BERKOW, R. Manual Merck. Ed. Roca Ltda, 2001. BELL-KROTOSKI, J. Weinstein monofilament using for determing cutaneous light touch deep pressure sensation. The Star. v. 44, n. 2, p. 8-11. 1984. BENINCÁ, J.P.; MONTANHER, A.B.; ZUCOLOTTO, S.M.; SCHENKEL, E.P.; FRODE, T.S. Evaluation of the anti-inflammatory efficacy of Passiflora edulis. Food Chemistry. n. 1, v. 104, p. 1097-1105. 2007. 72 BENYHE, S. Morphine: new aspects in the study of an ancient compound. Life Sciences. v. 55, p. 969-979. 1994. BERTON, G.; LOWELL, C.A. Integrin signalling in neutrophils and macrophages. Cell Signal. v. 11, p. 621-635. 1999. BESSON, J.M. The neurobiology of pain. Lancet. v. 353, n. 9164, p.1610-1615. 1999. BESSON, J.M.; CHAOUCH, A. Peripheral and spinal mechanisms of nociception. Physiology Revision. v. 67, n. 1, p. 67-186. 1987. BESSON, M. J.; DICKENSON, A. The pharmacology of pain. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, v. 130, p.21-41. 1997. BIE, B.; PAN, Z. Z. Trafficking of central opioid receptors and descending pain inhibition. Molecular Pain. v. 3, n. 37, p. 1-7. 2007. BIESALSKI, H. K. Curr. Polyphenols and inflammation: basic interactions. Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care. v. 10, p. 724-728. 2007. BLOCK, L.C.; SANTOS, A.R.S.; SOUZA, M.M. et al. Chemical and pharmacological examination of Wedelia paludosa. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, v.61, p. 85-89. 1998a. BLOCK, L.C.; SCHEIDT, C.; QUINTAÄ, N.L.M.; SANTOS, A.R.S.; CECHINEL-FILHO, V. Phytochemical and pharmacological analysis of different parts of Wedelia paludosa DC (Compositae). Pharmazie. v. 53, p. 716-718. 1998b BOELCKE, O.; VIZINIS, A. Plantas Vasculares de la Argentina, nativas y exóticas. Ilustraciones Tomo II. Dicotiledóneas-Arquiclamídeas de Casuarináceas a Leguminosas. Hemisferio Sur. Buenos Aires, 1987. BONICA, J. The management of pain. Philadelphia: Lea & Febiger, 1990. BOSE, A.; GUPTA, J.K.; DASH, G.K.; GHOSH,T.; SI, S.; PANDA, D.S. Diuretic and antibacterial activity of aqueous extract of Cleome rutidosperma. Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Science, v. 69, n. 2, p. 292-294. 2007. BOSE, A.; MONDAL, S.; GUPTA, J.K.; DASH, G.K.; GHOST, T.; SI, S. Studies on diuretic and laxative activity of ethanolic and its fractions of Cleome rutidosperma aerial parts. Pharmacognosy Magazine. v. 2, n. 7, p. 178-182. 2006. BOTTING, R.M. Cyclooxygenase: Past, present and future. A tribute to John R. Vane (1927–2004). Journal of Thermal Biology. v.31, p.208-219. 2006. BRAMWELL, D. How many plant species are there? Plant Talk. Wiltshire, v. 28, p. 32. 2000. 73 BRASIL. Ministério da saúde. Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária. Resolução da Diretoria Colegiada (RDC) N° 10, de 9 de março de 2010. Dispõe sobre a notificação de drogas vegetais junto à Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária (ANVISA), 2010. BRAVO, L. Polyphenols: chemistry, dietary sources, metabolism, and nutritional significance. Nutrition Reviews. Lawrence, v. 56, n. 11, p. 317-333. 1998. BRENNAN, T.J.; VANDERMEULEN, E.; GEBHART, G.F. Characterization of a rat model of incisional pain. Pain. v. 64, p. 493– 501. 1996. BRICKS, L.F.; SILVA, C.A.A. Toxicidade dos anti-inflamatórios não-hormonais. Pediatria. v. 27, n. 3, p.181-193. 2005. BROWNSTEIN, M.J. A brief history of opiates, opioid peptides, and opioid receptors. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. USA, v. 90, p. 5391-5393. 1993. BURIAN, M.; GEISSLINGER, G. COX-dependent mechanisms involved in the antinociceptive action of NSAIDs at central and peripheral sites. Pharmacology and Therapeutics. v. 107, p. 139-154. 2005. CALIXTO, J.B. Fitofármacos no Brasil: agora ou nunca! Ciência Hoje. São Paulo, v. 21, p. 123. 1996. CALIXTO, J. B. Biodiversidade como fonte de medicamentos. Ciência e Cultura. v. 55, p. 37. 2003. CALIXTO, J.B.; SIQUEIRA JR, J.M. Desenvolvimento de medicamentos no Brasil: Desafios. Gazeta Médica da Bahia. v. 78, Suplemento 1, p. 98-106. 2008. CALVINO, B.; GRILLO, R.M. Central pain control. Joint Bone Spine. v. 73, p. 10-16. 2006. CARVALHO, J.C.T. Fitoterápicos antiinflamatórios: aspectos químicos, farmacológicos e aplicações terapêuticas. Ribeirão Preto: Tecmedd, 2004. 480p. CARVALHO, M.M.M.J.; LODUCA, A.; PORTONI, A.G.; PIMENTA, C.A.M.; FIGUEIRÓ, J.A.B.; BORGES, L.M.; YENG, L.T.; TEIXEIRA, M.J.; KÓVACS, M.J.; MURTA, S.G.; LORDELLO, S.R.M.; GUIMARÃES, S.S. Dor - um estudo multidisciplinar. São Paulo. Summus Editorial, 1999. CARVALHO, W.A.; CARVALHO, R.D.S.; MEDRADO, V.C.; VIANNA, P.T.G. Biologia molecular dos receptores farmacológicos e seus sistemas efetores de interesse em anestesiologia. Revista Brasileira de Anestesiologia. v. 47, s. 2, p. 152-167. 1997. 74 CAZAROLLI, L. H.; ZANATTA, L.; ALBERTON, E. H.; FIGUEIREDO, M. S. R. B. Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry. v. 8, p. 1429. 2008. CHAI, Z.; GATTI, S.; TONIATTI, C.; POLI, V.; BARTFAI, T. Interleukin (IL)-6 gene expression in the central nervous system is necessary for fever response to lipopolysaccharide or IL-1β: a study on IL-6 deficient mice. Journal of Experimental Medicine. v. 183, p. 311-316. 1996. CHAVES, T.P.; DANTAS, I.C.; DANTAS, V.S.; DANTAS, G.D.S. Lambedor: um conhecimento popular em abordagem científica. Revista de Biologia e Farmácia. v. 2, n. 1. 2008. CHICHORRO, J.G.; LORENZETTI, B.B.; ZAMPRONIO, A.R. Involvement of bradykinin, cytokines, sympathetic amines and prostaglandins in formalin-induced orofacial nociception in rats. British Journal of Pharmacology. v. 141, p. 1175-1184. 2004. CLARK, T.P. The clinical pharmacology of cyclooxygenase-2-selective and dual inhibitors. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice. v. 36, p. 1061-1085. 2006. COLLIER, H.O.; DINNEEN, L.C.; JOHNSON, C.A.; SCHNEIDER, C. The abdominal constriction response and its suppression by analgesic drugs in the mouse. Brazilian Journal of Pharmacology and Chemotherapy. v. 32, p. 295-310. 1968. COLLINS, D.O.; REYNOLDS, W.F.; REESE, P.B. New cembranes from Cleome spinosa. Journal of Natural Products. v. 67, n. 2, p. 179-183. 2004. CONTRERA, A. et al. Ação da tintura-mãe de Lichnophora ericoides, Aristolochia esperanzae e Solidago microglossa, em feridas cutâneas de ratos. Revista da Escola de Farmácia e Odontologia. v. 11, p. 157-60. 1985. COSTA, P.D. et al. Effects of Bothrops pirajai venom on the mouse extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle preparation. Toxicon. v. 37, n. 8, p. 1143-53. 1999. COSTA, R. et al. Effect of novel selective non-peptide kinin B(1) receptor antagonists on mouse pleurisy induced by carrageenan. Peptides. v. 27, p. 2967-2975. 2006. COUTAUX, A.; ADAM, F.; WILLER, J.C.; LE BARS, D. Hyperalgesia and allodynia: peripheral mechanisms. Joint Bone Spine. v. 72, p. 359-371. 2005. COUTINHO, M. A. S.; MUZITANO, M. F.; COSTA, S.S. Flavonóides: Potenciais agentes terapêuticos para o processo inflamatório. Revista Virtual de Química. v. 1, n. 3, p. 241-256. 2009. CRAGG, G.M.; NEWMAN, D.J.; SNADER, K.M. Natural products in drug discovery and development. Journal of Natural Products. v. 60, p. 52-60. 1997. 75 CUNHA, F.Q.; LORENZETTI, B.B.; POOLE, S.; FERREIRA, S.H. Interleukin-8 as a mediator of sympathetic pain. Brazilian Journal of Pharmacology. v. 104, n. 3, p. 765-767. 1991. CUNHA, F.Q.; POOLE, S.; LORENZETTI, B.B.; FERREIRA, S.H. The pivotal role of tumour necrosis factor alpha in the development of inflammatory hyperalgesia. Brazilian Journal of Pharmacology. v. 107, n. 3, p. 660-664. 1992. CUNHA, T.M. et al. An electronic pressure-meter nociception paw test for mice. Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research. v. 37, n. 3, p. 401-407. 2004. DELAVEAU, P.; KOUDOGOB, B.; POUSSET, J-L. Alcaloïds chez les Capparidaceae. Phytochemistry. v. 12, p. 2893-2889. 1973. DE SOUZA, M.M.; BELLA CRUZ, A.; SCHUHMACHER, M.B.; KREUGER, M.R.O.; DE FREITAS, R.A.; BELLA CRUZ, R.C. Métodos de avaliação de atividade biológica de produtos naturais e sintéticos. In: BELLÉ BRESOLIN, T.M.; CECHINEL FILHO, V. Ciências Farmacêuticas: contribuição ao desenvolvimento de novos fármacos e medicamentos. 1 ed. Itajaí: UNIVALI, 2003. cap. 3. p 119-131. Di CARLO, G.; MASCOLO, N.; IZZO, A.; CAPASSO, F. Flavonoids: old and new aspects of a class of natural therapeutic drugs. Life Science. v.65, p. 337-353. 1999. DINARELLO, C.A. Interleukin-1, interleukin-1 receptors and interleukin-1 antagonist. International Reviews of Immunology. v. 16, p. 457-499. 1998. DINARELLO, C.A.; BERNHEIM, H.A.; DUFF, G.W.; LEE, H.V.; NAGABHUSHAN, T.L.; HAMILTON, N.A.; COCEANI, F. Mechanisms of fever induced by recombinant human interferon. Journal of Clinical Investigation. n. 74, p. 906-913. 1984. DINARELLO, C.A.; GELFAND, J.A.; WOLFF, S.M. Anticytokine strategies in the treatment of the systemic inflammatory response syndrome. Journal of the American Medical Association. Chicago, v. 269, n. 14, p. 1829-1835. 1993. DI STASI, L.C. Plantas Medicinais: arte e ciência. São Paulo: Unesp, 1995, 230p. DRAY, A. Peripheral mediators of pain. In: BESSON, M. J.; DICKENSON, A.; BESSON, M. J.; DICKENSON, A. The pharmacology of pain. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, v.130, p.21-41. 1997. DRIESSEN, B. Pain: from sign to disease. Clinical Techniques in Equine Practice. v. 6, issue 2, p. 120-125. 2007. DUARTE, I.D.G.; FERREIRA-ALVES, D.L.; NAKAMURA-CRAIG, M. Possible participation of endogenous opioid peptides on the mechanism involved in analgesia by vouacapan. Life Science. v. 50, p. 891-897. 1992. 76 DUBNER, R.; BENNET, G.J. Spinal and trigeminal mechanisms of nociception. Annual Review of Neuroscience. v. 6, p. 381-418. 1983. DUBNER, R.; KENSHALO, D.R. Jr.; MAIXNER, W.; BUSHNELL, M.C.; OLIVERAS, J.L. The correlation of monkey medullary dorsal horn neuronal activity and the perceived intensity of noxious heat stimuli. Journal of Neurophysiology. v. 62, n. 2, p. 450-457. 1989. DUBOIS, R.N.; ABRAMSON, S.B.; CORFFORD, L.; GUPTA, R.A.; SIOMN, L.S.; VAN de PUTTE, L.B.; LIPSKY, P.E. Cyclooxigenase in biology and disease. Faseb Journal. v. 12, p. 1063-1088. 1998. DUBUISSON, D.; DENNIS, S.G. The formalin test: a quantitative study of the analgesic effects of morphine, meperidine, and brain stem stimulation in rats and cats. Pain. v. 4, p. 161-174. 1977. EIGLER, A.; SINHA, B.; HARTMANN, G.; ENDRES, S. Taming TNF: strategies to restrain this proinflamatory cytokine. Immunology Today. Cambridge, v. 18, n. 10, p. 487-492. 1997. ELIZABETSKY, E.; COSTA-CAMPOS, L. Medicinal plant genetic resources and international cooperation: the Brazilian perspective. Journal of Etnopharmacology. Lausanne, v. 51, p. 110-120. 1996. EL-NAGAR, E.B.; BARTOSIKOVA, L.; ZEMLICKA, M.; SVAJDLENKA, E.; RABISKOVA, M.; STRNADOVA, V.; NECAS, J. Antidiabetic effect of Cleome droserifolia aerials parts: lipid peroxidation-induced oxidative stress in diabetic rats. Acta Veterinaria Brno. v. 74, n. 3, p. 347-352. 2005. FABRICANT, D. S.; FARNSWORTH, N. R. Environmental Health Perspectives. v. 109, p. 69. 2001. FARQUHAR- SMITH, W.P. Anatomy, physiology and pharmacology of pain. Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine. v. 9, n. 1, p. 3-7. 2007. FAUCI, A.S.; KASPER, D.L.; BRAUNWALD, E.; HAUSER, S.L.; LONGO, D.L.; JAMESON, J.L.; LOSCALZO, J. Harrison’s principles of internal medicine, 17h Edition, 2001: http://www.acessmedicine.com. FERREIRA, S.H.; BARATA, L.E.S.; SALLES, S.L.M.; QUEIROZ, S.R.R.; NETO, N.E.H.; CORAZZA, R.; FARIAS, R.C. Medicamentos a partir de plantas medicinais no Brasil. Rio de Janeiro, Academia Brasileira de Ciências, 1998. FERREIRA, S.H.; FERRARI, L.F.; CUNHA, T.M.; NASCIMENTO, P.G.B.D.; VERRI JR, W.A.; CUNHA, F.Q. Dor incisional (Apostila da Universidade de São Paulo – Ribeirão Preto) – 2010. Departamento de Farmacologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto – SP, Brasil. FERREIRA, S.H.; LORENZETTI, B.B.; BRISTOW, A.F.; POOLE, S. Interleukin-1 beta as a potent hyperalgesic agent antagonized by a tripeptide analogue. Nature. v. 334, n. 6184, p. 698-700. 1988. 77 FERREIRA, S.H.; LORENZETTI, B.B.; CUNHA, F.Q.; POOLE, S.; Bradykinin release of TNF-apha plays a key role in the development of inflammatory hyperalgesia. Agents Actions. v. 38, special number 7-9. 1993. FERREIRA, S.H.; LORENZETTI, B.B.; CORREA, F.M. Central and peripheral analgesic action of aspirin-like drugs. European Journal of Pharmacology. v. 53, p. 39-48. 1978. FERREIRA, S.H.; NAKAMURA, M. I- prostaglandin hyperalgesia, a cAMP/Ca2+ dependent process. Prostaglandins. v. 18, n. 2, p. 179-190. 1979. FILHO, M.M.M.; RAHAL, S.C. O uso de antiinflamatórios inibidores COX II seletivos na osteoartrite canina. Veterinária e Zootecnia. v. 15, n. 3, p. 407-415. 2008. FITZGERALD, G.A.; PATRONO, C. The coxibs, selective inhibitor of cyclooxygenase-2. New England Journal of Medicine. v. 345, p. 433-442. 2001. FOORD, S.M.; BONNER, T.I.; NEUBIG, R.R.; ROSSER, E.M.; PIN, J.P.; DAVENPORT, A.P.; SPEDDING, M.; HARMAR, A. J. XLVI G protein-coupled receptor list. International Union of Pharmacology. Pharmacology Review. v. 57, n. 2, p. 279-88. 2005. FORMAN, H.J.; TORRES, M. Reactive oxygen species and cell signaling: respiratory burst in macrophage signaling. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine. New York, v. 166, p. S4-S8. 2002. FORMICA, J.V.; REGELSON, W. Review of the biology of quercetin and related bioflavonoids, Food and Chemical Toxicology. v. 33, p. 1061–1080. 1995. FORTES-DIAS, C.L.; JANNOTTI, M.L.D.; FRANCO, F.J.L.; MAGALHÃES, A.; DINIZ, C.R. Studies on the specificity of CNF, a phospholipase A2 inhibitor isolated from the blood plasma of the South American rattlesnake (Crotalus durissus terricus). I. Interaction with PLA2 from Lachesis muta snake venom. Toxicon. v. 37, n. 12, p. 1747-1759. 1999. FRANCO, G.C.N.; MORETTI, D.; CAVALCANTE, P.F.C.; LOPES, L.C. Uma análise crítica sobre viabilidade do uso dos inibidores seletivos de COX II em odontologia. Revista de Odontologia da Universidade Cidade de São Paulo. v. 18, n. 1, p. 75-81. 2006. GIBSON, P.R.; Increased gut permeability in Crohn’s disease: is TNF-α the link? Gut. London, v. 53, n. 12, p. 1724-1725. 2004. GILMAN, A.G.; GOODMAN, L.S.; RALL, T.W.; MURAD, F. Goodman & Gilman's - The pharmacological basis of terapeutics. 12th ed. Rio de Janeiro: Grow-Hill, 2011. GLEZER, I.; MARCOURAKIS, T.; AVELLAR, M.C.W.; GORENSTEIN, C.; SCAVONE, C. The roles of transcription factor NF-κβ in the molecular mechanisms of 78 action of psychoactive drugs. Revista Brasileira de Psiquiatria. São Paulo, v. 22, n. 1, p. 26-30. 2000. GONÇALVES, J.C.; OLIVEIRA, F.S.; BENEDITO, R.B.; SOUSA, D.P.; ALMEIDA, R.N.; ARAÚJO, D.A. Antinociceptive activity of (-) Carvone: Evidence of association decrease peripheral nerve excitability. Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin. v. 31, p. 1017-1020. 2008. GUARDIA, T.; ROTELLI, A.E.; JUAREZ, A.O.; PELZER, L.E. Anti-inflammatory properties of plant flavonoids. Effects of rutin, quercetin and hesperidin on adjuvant arthritis in rat. Il Fármaco. v. 56, p. 683–687. 2001. GURIB-FAKIM, A. Medical plants: traditions of yesterday and drugs of tomorrow. Molecular aspects of medicine. v. 27, n. 1, p. 1-93. 2006. GUTIÉRREZ, J.M.; AVILA, C.; ROJAS, E.; CERDAS, L. An alternative In Vitro method for testing the potency of the polyvalent antivenom produced in Costa Rica. Toxicon. v. 26, n. 4, p. 411-413. 1988. HABERMANN, E.; HARDT, K.L. A sensitive and specific plate test for the quantitation of phospholipases. Analytical Biochemistry. v. 50, n. 1, p. 163-173. 1972. HALL, J.C.; SYTSMA, K.J.; ILTIS, H.H. Phylogeny of Capparaceae and Brasicaceae based on chloroplast sequence data. American Journal of Botany. v. 89, n. 11, p. 1826-1842. 2002. HAMBURGER, M.; HOSTETTMANN, K. Bioactivity in plants: the link between phytochemistry and medicine. Phytochemistry. New York, v. 30, n. 12, p. 3864-3874. 1991. HANDA, S.S.; CHAWLA, A.S.; SHARMA, A.K. Plants with anti-inflammatory activity. Fitoterapia LXIII, p. 3–31. 1992. HARBORNE, J.B.; WILLIAMS, C.A. Advances in flavonoid research since 1992. Phytochemistry. Oxford, v. 55, n. 6, p. 481-504. 2000. HARDY, J.D.; WOLFF, H.G.; GOODELL, H. Experimental evidence on the nature of cutaneous hyperalgesia. Journal of Clinical Investigation. v. 29, n. 1, p. 115-140. 1950. HARGREAVES, K.; DUBNER, R.; BROWN, F.; FLORES, C.; JORIS, J. A new and sensitive method for measuring thermal nociception in cutaneous hyperalgesia. Pain. v. 32, n. 1, p. 77-88. 1988. HARRIS, R.C.; BREYER, M.D. Physiological regulation of cyclooxygenase- 2 in the kidney. American Journal of Physiology Renal Physiology. v. 281, F1-F11. 2001. HAVSTEEN, B.H. The biochemistry and medical significance of the flavonoids. Pharmacology Therapy. v. 96, p. 67-202. 2002. 79 HAZEWINKEL, H.A.W.; VAN DEN BROM, W.E.; THEYSE, L.F.H.; POLLMEIER, M.; HANSON, P.D. Comparison of the effects of firocoxib, carprofen and vedaprofen in a sodium urte crystal induced synovitis model of arthritis in dogs. Research in Veterinary Science. v. 84, p. 74-79. 2008. HENDON, R.A; FRAENKEL-CONRAT, H. Biological Role of the two components of Crotoxin. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. v. 68, n. 7, p. 1560-1563. 1971. HILÁRIO, M.O.E.; TERRERI, M.T.; LEN, C.A. Antiinflamatórios não-hormonais: inibidores da ciclooxigenase 2. Journal of Pediatrics. v. 82, n. 5. 2006. HOLLMAN, P.C.H.; BATAN, M.B. Absorption, metabolism and health effects of dietary flavonoids in man, Biomedical Pharmacotherapy. v. 51, p. 305–310. 1997. HONORE, P.; ROGERS, S.D., SCHWEI, M.J.; SALAK-JOHNSON, J.L.; LUGER, N.M.; SABINO, M.C.; CLOHISY, D.R.; MANTYH, P.W. Murine models of inflammatory, neuropathic and cancer pain each generates a unique set of neurochemical changes in the spinal cord and sensory neurons. Neuroscience. v. 98, p. 585-598. 2000. HUANG, K.C. The pharmacology of Chinese Herbs. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 1999. 512p. HUNSKAAR, S.; HOLE, K. The formalin test in mice: dissociation between inflammatory and non-inflammatory pain. Pain. v. 30, p. 103-114. 1987. HUNT, S.P.; MANTYH, P.W. The molecular dynamics of pain control. National Review of Neuroscience. v. 2, p. 83-91. 2001. IASP - International Association for the Study of Pain. IASP Taxonomy. August 10th, 2011. Available from: http://www.iasp-pain.org. ISMAIL, T.S.; GOPALAKRISHNAN, S.; BEGUM, V.H.; ELANGO, V. Anti-inflammatory activity of Salacia oblonga Wall. and Azima tetracantha Lam. Journal of Ethnopharmacology. v. 56, p. 145-152. 1997. JENSEN, K.; ANDERSEN, H.O.; OLESEN, J.; LINDBLOM, U. Pressure-pain threshold in human temporal region. Evaluation of a new pressure algometer. Pain. v. 25, p.313-323. 1986. JONES, R. - Nonsteroidal Anti-inflamatory drug prescribing: past, present and future. American Journal of Medicine. v. 110, p. 4-7. 2001. JONES, T.C.; HUNT, R.D.; KING, N.W. Patologia Veterinária. 2000. São Paulo: Manole. JULIUS, D; BASBAUM, A. I. Molecular mechanisms of nociception. Nature. v. 413, p. 203-210. 2001. 80 KANDASWAMI, C.; MIDDLETON, E. Jr. Free radical scavenging and antioxidant activity of plant flavonoids. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology. v. 366, p. 351-76. 1994. KALSO, E.; ROSENBERG, P. Modern trends in postoperative pain control. Annual of Medicine. v.27, p.211-212. 1995. KIM, H. P.; SON, K. H.; CHANG, H. W.; KANG, S. S. J. Pharmacological Science. v.96, p. 229. 2004. KING, J.N.; DAWSON, J.; ESSER, R.E.; FUJIMOTO, R.; KIMBLE, E.F.; MANIARA, W.; MARSHALL, P.J.; O’BYRNE, L.; QUADROS, E.; TOUTAIN, P.L.; LEE, P. Preclinical pharmacology of rofecoxib: a novel selective inhibitor of cyclooxygenase-2. Journal of Veterinary Pharmacology Therapeutics. v. 32, p. 1-17. 2009. KONG, J.M.; GOH, N.K.; CHIA, L.S.; CHIA, T.F. Recent advances in traditional plant drugs and orchids. Acta Pharmacology Sinica. Beijing, v. 24, n. 1, p. 7-21. 2003. KOSTER, R.; ANDERSON, M.; DE BEER, E.J. Acetic acid for analgesic screening. Federation Proceedings. v. 18, p. 412. 1959. KROGEL, C.; ANTONY, V.B. Immunobiology of pleural inflammation: potential implications for pathogenesis, diagnosis and therapy. European Respiratory Journal. v. 10, p. 2411-2418. 1997. KUMAR, V.; ABBAS, A.K.; FAUSTO, N.; ASTER, J.C. ROBBINS and COTRAN– Pathologic Basis of Disease, 8th edition, 2010, Elsevier. KUMMER, C.L.; COELHO, T. C. R. B. Cycloxygenase-2 Inhibitors Nonsteroid Anti-Inflammatory Drugs: Current Issues. Revista Brasileira de Anestesiologia. v. 52, n. 4, p. 498-512. 2002. KUSHNER, I. Semantics, Inflammation, Cytokines and Common Sense. Cytokine & Growth Factor Reviews. v. 9, n. 3/4, p. 191-196. 1998. KVATERNICK, V.; POLLMEIER, M.; FISCHER, J.; HANSON, P.D. Pharmacokinetics and metabolism of orally administered firocoxib, a novel second generation coxib, in horses. Journal of Veterinary Pharmacology Therapeutics. v. 30, p. 208-217. 2007. LAGO, J.H.G.; YOUNG, M.D.M.; REIGADA, J.B.; SOARES, M.G.; ROESLER, B.P.; KATO, M.J. Antifungal derivatives from Piper mollicomum and P. lhotzkyanum (Piperaceae). Química Nova. v. 30, n. 5, p. 1222-1224. 2007. LANDOLFI, R.; MOWER, R.L.; STEINER, M. Modification of platelet function and arachidonic acid metabolism by bioflavonoids. Structure–activity relations, Biochemistry and Pharmacology. v. 33, p. 1525–1530. 1984. 81 LAWRENCE, T.; WILLOUGHBY, D. A.; GILROY, D. W. Anti-inflammatory lipid mediators and insights into the resolution of inflammation. National Review of Immunology. v. 2, n. 10, p. 787-795. 2002. LEAL, R.S. Estudos etnofarmacológicos e fitoquímico das espécies medicinais Cleome spinosa Jacq, Pavonia varians Moric e Croton cajucara Benth. 2008. [Tese de Doutorado]. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN. LEES, P.; LANDONI, M.F.; GIRAUDEL, J.; TOUTAIN, P.L. Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in species of veterinary interest. Journal of Veterinary of Pharmacology and Therapeutics. v. 27, p. 479-490. 2004. LEVINE, J.D.; REICHLING, D.B. Peripheral mechanisms of inflammatory pain. In: Wall PD, Melzack R, editor, Textbook of pain. 1999. 4 ed., Londres: Churchill Livingstone, p.59-84. LEVY, L. Carrageenan paw oedema in the mouse. Life Science. v. 8, p. 601-606. 1969. LIMA, D.R. Medicamentos: passado, presente e futuro. In: Lima DR, editor. Manual de Farmacologia Clínica, Terapêutica e Toxicologia. 1994. Rio de Janeiro: Guanabara Koogan; p. 13. LIMA, M.R.F. et al. Anti-bacterial activity of some Brazilian medicinal plants. Journal of Ethnopharmacology. v. 105, p. 137–147. 2006. LÓPEZ- POSADAS, R.; BALLESTER, I.; ABADÍA-MOLINA, A. C.; SUÁREZ, M. D.; ZARZUELO, A.; MARTÍNEZ-AUGUSTIN, O.; DE MEDINA, F. S. Biochemistry and Pharmacology. v. 76, p. 495. 2008. LORENZETTI, B.B.; VEIGA, F.H.; CANETTI, C.A.; POOLE, S.; CUNHA, F.Q.; FERREIRA, S.H. Cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant 1 (CINC-1) mediates the sympathetic component of inflammatory mechanical hypersensivity in rats. European Cytokine Network. v. 13, n. 4, p. 456-461. 2002. LOWERY, C.L.; HARDMAN, M.P.; MANNING, N.; HALL, R.W.; ANAND, K.J. Neurodevelopmental changes in fetal pain. Seminars in Perinatology. v. 31, n. 5, p. 275-282. 2007. MACIEL, M.A.M. Croton cajucara: Uma escolha etnobotânica. 1997. [Tese de Doutorado]. Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. MACIEL, M.A.M.; PINTO, A.C.; VEIGA JR, V.F.; MARTINS, J.R.; GRYNBERG, N.F.; ECHEVARRIA, A.; LAPPA, A.J.; VANDERLINDE, F.A. Croton cajucara as an alternative to tradicional medicine in a modern health system. Recent Progress in Medicinal Plants – Phytochemistry and Pharmacology. v. 8, p. 502-517. 2002a. 82 MACIEL, M.A.M.; PINTO, A.C.; VEIGA JR, V.F.; ECHEVARRIA, A.; GRYNBERG, N.F. Plantas medicinais: a necessidade de estudos multidisciplinares. Química Nova. v. 25, n. 3, p. 429-438. 2002b. MANS, D.R.A.; ROCHA, A.B.; SCHWARTSMANN, G. Anti-cancer drug discovery and development in Brazil: targeted plant collection as a rational strategy to acquire candidate anti-cancer compounds. Oncologist Durham, v. 5, n. 3, p. 185-198. 2000. MANTENA, S.K.; MUTALIK, S.; SRINIVASA, H.; SUBRAMANIAN, G.S.; PRABHAKAR, K.R.; REDDY, K.R.; SRINIVASAN, K.K.; UNNIKRISHNAN, M.K. Antiallergic, antipyretic, hypoglycemic and hepatoprotective effects of aqueous extract of Coronopus didymus Linn. Biology and Pharmacology Bulletin. [S.l], v. 28, n. 3, p. 468-472. 2005. MATTOS, O. N. Saint-Hilaire. São Paulo: Secretaria da Cultura, Divisão do Arquivo do Estado, 1980. MATHEWS, K.A.; DOHERTY, T.; DYSON, D.H.; WILCOCK, B.; VALLIANT, A. Nephrotoxicity in dogs associated with methoxyflurane anesthesia and flunixin meglumine analgesia. The Canadian Veterinary Journal. v. 31, p. 766-771. 1990. McLEAN, W.F.H.; BLUNDEN, G.; JEWERS, K. Quaternary ammonium compounds in few Capparaceae. Biochemical Systematics and Ecology. v. 24, n. 5, p. 427-434. 1996. McMAHON, S.; KOLTZENBURG, M. The changing role of primary afferent neurons in pain. Pain. v. 43, n. 3, p. 269-272. 1990. MELZACK, R.; WALL, P.D. Pain mechanisms: A new theory. In: Science, 1965. v. 150, p. 971-979. MELZACK, R.; LOESER, J. D. Pain: an overview. Pain. v. 353, p. 1607-1609. 1999. MENSE, S. Sensitization of group IV muscle receptors to bradykinin by 5-hydroxytryptamine and prostaglandin E2. Brain research. v. 225, p. 95-105, 1981. MERSKEY, H. Terms and taxonomy: paper tools at the cutting edge of study. In: Merskey H., Loeser, J.D., Dubner, R. The paths of pain. 1975–2005. Seattle: IASP Press., p. 329–337, 2005. MESQUITA, L.A.F. Estudo da cicatrização cutânea causada pelo laser de CO2 ultrapulsado em retalho dorsal de ratos. 2002 [Dissertação- Mestrado] Curitiba: Faculdade Evangélica do Paraná. METHE, H.; ZIMMER, E.; GRIMM, C.; NABAUER, M.; KOGLIN, J. Evidence for a role of toll-like receptor 4 in development of chronic allograft rejection after cardiac transplantation. Transplantation. Baltimore, v. 78, n. 9, p. 1324-1331. 2004. 83 MIDDLETON, E.; KANDASWAMI, C.; THEOHARIDES, T. C. The effects of planto flavonoids on mammalian cells: implications for inflammation, heart disease and cancer. Pharmacological Reviews. v. 52, p. 673. 2000. MILLAN, M.J. The induction of pain: an integrative review. Progress in Neurobiology. v. 57, n. 1, p. 1-164. 1999. MIRANDA, L.T.G.S. Uso da Tintura de Arnica em Feridas Cutâneas Abertas em Ratos. 2001. [Dissertação-Mestrado]. São Paulo: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Técnica Operatória e Cirurgia Experimental. Universidade Federal de São Paulo. MIYAZAWA, M.; KINOSHITA, H.; OJUNO, Y. Antimutagenic activity of sakuranetin from Prubus jamasakura. Journal of Food Science. v. 68, n. 1, p. 52-56. 2003. MOINICHE, S.; DAHL, J.B.; ERICHSEN, C.J. et al. Time course of subjective pain ratings, and wound and leg tenderness after hysterectomy. Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica. v. 41, p.785–789. 1997. MÖLLER, K.A.; JOHANSSON, B.; BERGE, O.G. Assessing mechanical allodynia in the rat paw with a new electronic algometer. Journal of Neuroscience Methods. v. 84, p. 41-47. 1998. MOTHANA, R.A.A.; ABDO, S.A.A.; HASSON, S.; ALTHAWAB, F.M.N.; ALAGHBAR, S.A.Z.; LINDEQUIST, U. Antimicrobial, Antioxidant and Cytotoxic Activities and Phytochemical Screening of Some Yemeni Medicinal Plants. Oxford Journal, eCAM Advance. Disponível em http://ecam.oxfordjournals.org-papbyrecent.dtl. Acesso em: 28 de mai. 2008. NARABA, H.; MURAKAMI, M.; MATSUMOTO, H.; SHIMBARA, S.; UENO, A.; KUDO, I.; OH-ISHI, S. Segregated coupling of phospholipases A2, cyclooxygenases, and terminal prostanoid synthases in different phases of prostanoid biosynthesis in rat peritoneal macrophages, Journal of Immunology. v. 160, p. 2974–2982. 1998. NASSAR, I.; GAMAL-ELDEEN, A.M. Potential antioxidant activity of flavonoids from Hypericum triquetrifolium Turra, and Cleome droserifolia (Forssk) Del. Bulletin of the Facuty of Pharmacy. v. 41, n. 2, p. 107-115. 2003. NESTLER, E.J.; HYMAN, S.E.; MALENKA, R.C. Molecular neuropharmacology: a foundation for clinical neuroscience. 2001. New York: Macgraw-Hill. NEWMAN, D. J.; CRAGG, G. M. Natural products as sources of new drugs over the last 25 years. Journal of Natural Products. v. 70, p. 461. 2007. NIJVELDT, R. J.; NOOD, E.; HOORN, D. E. C.; BOELENS, P. G.; NORREN, K.; LEEUWEN, P. A. M. American Jornal of Clinical Nutrition. v. 74, p .418. 2001. 84 OLAJIDE, O.; MAKINDE, J.M.; AWE, S.O. Effects of the aqueous extract of Bridelia ferruginea stem bark on carrageenan-induced oedema and granuloma tissue formation in rats and mice. Journal of Ethnopharmacology. v. 66, p. 113-117. 1999. OLIVEIRA, A.B. Espectrofotometria no controle de qualidade de fitoterápicos da Schinus terebinyhifolius raddi: uso de marcadores. 2001. [Dissertação -Mestrado]. São Luis: Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Maranhão. OLIVEIRA, F.S.; SOUSA, D.P.; ALMEIDA, R.N. Antinociceptive effect of hydroxydihydrocarvone. Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin. v. 31, p. 588-591. 2008. OMS – Organização Mundial de Saúde. A Estratégia da OMS Sobre Medicina Tradicional 2002-2005 /Organização Mundial de Saúde – Brasília: Organização Pan-Americana de Saúde, 2002. PALLADINO, M.A.; BAHJAT, F.R.; THEODORAKIS, E. A.; MOLDAWER, L.L. Anti TNF-α therapies: the next generation. Natural Reviews Drug Discovery. London, v. 2, p. 736-746. 2003. PAPICH, M.G. An update on nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in Small Animals. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice. v. 38, p. 1243-1266. 2008. PASSOS, G.F.; FERNANDES, E.S.; CUNHA, F.M.; FERREIRA, J.; PIANOWSKI, L.F.; CAMPOS, M.M.; CALIXTO, J.B. Anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic properties of the essential oil and active compounds from Cordia verbenacea. Journal of ethnopharmacology. p. 1-11. 2006. PELZER, L. E.; GUARDIA, T.; JUAREZ, A. O.; GUERREIRO, E. Acute and chronic antiinflammatory effects of plant flavonoids. Il Fármaco. v. 53, p. 421. 1998. PEREIRA, D.A.; BRITO, A.C.; AMARAL, C.L.F. Biologia floral e mecanismos reprodutivos do mussambé (Cleome spinosa Jacq) com vistas ao melhoramento genético. Biotemas. v. 20, n. 4, p. 27-34. 2007. PEREIRA, R.; MEDEIROS, Y.S.; FRODE, T.S. Antiinflammatory effects of Tacrolimus in a mouse model of pleurisy. Transplant Immunology. n. 1, v. 16, p. 105-111. 2006. POGATZKI, E.M.; GEBHART, G.F.; BRENNAN, T.J. Characterization of Adelta- and C-fibers innervating the plantar rat hindpaw one day after an incision. Journal of Neurophysiology. v. 87, p. 721-731. 2002. PONCE-SOTO, L.A.; LOMONTE, B.; RODRIGUES-SIMIONI, L.; NOVELLO, J.C.; MARANGONI, S. Biological and Structural Characterization of Crotoxin and New Isoform of Crotoxin B PLA2 (F6a) from Crotalus durissus collilineatus Snake Venom. The Protein Journal. v. 26, n. 4. 2006. 85 PORTER, D. G. Ethical scores for animal experiments. Nature. v. 356, n. 6365, p.101-102. 1992. RAMACHANDRAN, N.A.G. Cleosandrin, a novel 7-phenoxycoumarin from the seeds of Cleome isosandra. Indian Journal of Chemistry. v. 17B, n. 5, p. 438-440. 1979. RAMANA, K.V.; TAMMALI, R.; REDDY, A.B.M.; BHATNAGAR, A.; SRIVASTAVA, S.K. Aldose Reductase-Regulated Tumor Necrosis Factor-α Production Is Essential for High Glucose-Induced Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Growth. Endocrinology. v. 148, n. 9, p. 4371–4384. 2007. RANG, H.P.; BEVAN, S.; DRAY, A. Chemical activation of nociceptive peripheral neurons. British Medical Bulletin. v. 47, n. 3, p. 534-548. 1991. RANG, H.P.; DALE, M.M.; RITTER, J.M.; FLOWER, R.J. Farmacologia. 2007. 6ª ed., Rio de Janeiro: Elsevier. RATES, S.M.K. Plants as source of drugs. Toxicon. Elmsford, v. 39, p. 603-613. 2001. RATHER, L.J. Disturbance of function (functio laesa): the legendary fifth cardinal sign of inflammation, added by Galento the four cardinal signs of Celsus. Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine. v. 47, n. 3. p. 303-322. 1971. RENISUS – Ministério da Saúde. Fevereiro de 2009. REXED, B. The cytoarchitectonic organization of the spinal cord in the cat. Journal Comparative Neurology. v. 96, n. 3, p. 414-495. 1952. RIBEIRO, J.E.L.S. Flora da reserva Ducke: guia de identificação das plantas vasculares de uma floresta da terra-firme na Amazônia Central. 1999. Manaus: INPA, Ministério do Meio Ambiente, Brasil, 799p. RICHMOND, C.E.; BROMLEY, L.M.; WOOLF, C.J. Preoperative morphine pre-empts postoperative pain. Lancet. v. 42, p. 73–75. 1993. RODMAN, J. E.; SOLTIS, P. S.; SOLTIS, D. E.; SYTSMA, K. J.; KAROL, K. G. Parallel evolution of glucosinolate biosynthesis inferred from congruent nuclear and plastid gene phylogenies. American Journal of Botany. v. 85, p. 997–1006. 1998. ROITT, I.; BROSTOFF, J.; MALE, D. Immunologia. 5 ed. São Paulo: Manole, 1999. 423p. ROTELLI, A.E.; GUARDIA, T.; JUÁREZ, A.O.; ROCHA, N.E. de L.A., PELZER, L.E. Comparative study of flavonoids in experimental models of inflammation. Pharmacological Research. v. 48, p. 601-606. 2003. 86 SACHS, D.; CUNHA, F.Q.; POOLE, S.; FERREIRA, S.H. Tumor necrosis factor-aplha, interleukin-1beta and interleukin-8 induce persistent mechanical nociceptor hypersensitivity. Pain. v. 96, n. 1-2, p. 89-97. 2002. SALEH, T. S. F, CALIXTO, J. B, MEDEIROS, Y. S. Effects of anti-inflammatory drugs upon nitrate and myeloperoxidase levels in the mouse pleurisy induced by carrageenan. Peptides. v. 20, n. 8, p. 949-956. 1999. SANTOS, A.L. Avaliação das ações analgésica e antiinflamatória das frações purificadas de duas espécies comuns de Tanchagem: Plantago major L e Plantago lanceolata L. 1998. [Dissertação -Mestrado]. São Paulo. SANTOS, D.A.; MENEZES, J.E.S.A. Estudo das atividades citotóxica e antimicrobiana de Cleome spinosa espécie nativa do município de Itapipoca. Anais da 57ª Reunião Anual da SBPC - Fortaleza, CE - Julho/2005. SCHACHNA, L. The anti- TNF revolution in ankylosing spondylits. Medical Journal of Austrália. Sydney, v. 181, n. 10, p. 529-530. 2004. SCHAIBLE, H.G.; SCHMIDT, R.F. Time course of mechanosensitivity changes in articular afferents during a developing experimental arthritis. Journal of Neurophysiology. v. 60, n. 6, p. 2180-2195. 1988. SCHENKEL, E.P.; GOSMANN, G.; PETROVICK, P.R. Produtos de Origem Vegetal e o desenvolvimento de medicamentos. In: SIMÕES, C.M.O. et al. Farmacognosia: da planta ao medicamento. 3 ed. Porto Alegre/Florianópolis: Editora da Universidade UFRGS/ Editora da UFSC, 2001. cap.15. p 301-332. SHARAF, M.; EL-ALSARI, M.; SALEH, N.A.M. Flavonoids of four Cleome and Capparis species. Biochemical Systematics and Ecology. v. 25, n. 2, p. 161-166. 1997. SHERWOOD, E.R.; TOLIVER-KINSKY, T. Mechanisms of the inflammation response. Best Practice and Research Clinical Anaesthesiology. v. 18, n. 3, p. 385-405. 2004. SHIBATA, M.; OHKUBO, T.; TAKAHASHI, H.; INOKI, R. Modified formalin test: characteristic biphasic pain response. Pain, v. 38, p. 347-352, 1989. SING, P.D.A.; WEST, M.E. Pharmacological investigations of sticky viscome extract (Cleome viscosa L.) in rats, mice and guinea-pigs. Phytotherapy Research. v. 5, n. 2, p. 82-84. 1991. SMITH, W.L.; DEITT, D.L.; GARAVITO, R.M. Cyclooxygenases: structural, cellular, and molecular biology. Annual Review of Biochemistry. v. 69, p. 145–182. 2000. SOKAL, R.R.; ROHLF, F.J. Biometry: The principles and Practice of Statistics. New York: W. H. Freemann, 1981. p. 859. 87 SOMMER, C.; KRESS, M. Recent findings on how proinflammatory cytokines cause pain: peripheral mechanisms in inflammatory and neuropathic hiperalgesia. Neuroscience Letters. v. 361, p. 184-187. 2004. SPINOSA, H.S.; GÓRNIAK, S.L.; BERNARDI, M.M. Farmacologia aplicada a Medicina Veterinária. 2011. 5ª ed. Rio de Janeiro: Guanabara Koogan. STEAGALL, P.V.M.; MOUTINHO, F.Q.; MATOVANI, F.B.; PASSARELLI, D.; THOMASSIAN, A. Evaluation of the adverse effects of subcutaneous carprofen over six days in healthy cats. Research in Veterinary Science. v. 86, p. 115-120. 2009. STEIN, C.; SCHAFER, M.; MACHELSKA, H. Attacking pain at its source: new perspectives on opioids. Nature Medicine. v. 9, n. 8, p. 1003-1008. 2003. SUMNER, J. The natural history of medicinal plants. Portland: Timber Press. 2000. 235p. SYRIÁTOWICZ, J.P.; HU, D.; WALKER J.S.; TRACEY, D.J. Hyperalgesia due to nerve injury: role of prostaglandins. Neuroscience. v. 94, n. 2, p. 587-594. 1999. TAIWO, Y.O.; BJERKNES, L.K.; GOETZL, E.J.; LEVINE, J.D. Mediation of primary afferent peripheral hyperalgesia by the cAMP second messenger system. Neuroscience. v. 32, n. 3, p. 577-580. 1989. TASSORELLI, C.; GRECO, R.; WANG, D.; SANDRINI, G.; NAPPI, G. Prostaglandins, glutamate and nitric oxide synthase mediate nitroglycerin-induced hyperalgesia in the formalin test. European Journal Pharmacology. v. 534, p. 103-107. 2006. TEIXEIRA, C.F.P.; LANDUCCI, E.C.T.; ANTUNES; CHACUR, E.; CURY, M. Y. Inflammatory effects of snake venom myotoxic phospholipases A2. Toxicon. v. 42, p. 947-962. 2003. TEIXEIRA, F.M. Avaliação comparativa do efeito de fármacos anti-inflamatórios com a acupuntura no modelo de dor pós-incisional em ratos. 2010. Dissertação (mestrado) – Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro. Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas. TJOLSEN, A.; HOLE, K. Animal models of analgesia. In: The pharmacology of pain. BESSON, M. J.; DICKENSON, A. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, p. 21-41. 1997. TRACEY, K.J.; CERAMI, A. Tumor necrosis factor: a pleiotropic cytokine and therapeutic target. Annual Review Medicine. Palo Alto, v. 45, p. 491-503. 1994. TREEDE, R.D.; HANDWERKER, H.O.; BAUMGÄRTNER, U.; MEYER, R.A.; MAGERL, W. Hyperalgesia and allodynia: taxonomy, assessment, and mechanisms. In: Brune, K., Handwerker, H.O. Hyperalgesia: molecular mechanisms and clinical implications. Seattle: IASP Press, p. 1–15, 2004. 88 TURK, D.C.; MELZACK, R. The measurement of pain and the assessment of people experiencing pain. In: D. C. Turk & R. Melzack (eds) Handbook of Pain assessment. 1992. Nova York, Guilford, pp. 3-12. TVERSKOY, M.; OZ, Y.; ISAKSON, A.; FINGER, J., BRADLEY, E.L.; KISSIN. I. Preemptive effect of fentanyl and ketamine on postoperative pain and wound hyperalgesia. Anesthesia and Analgesia. v. 78, p. 205-209. 1994. TYLER, V.E. Herbal medicine: from the past to the future. Public Health Nutrition. Wallingford, v. 3, n. 4A, p. 447-452. 2000. VACHER, P.J.; DUCHÉNE-MARULLAZ, P.; BARBOT, P. A propos de quelques produits usuels – comparaison de deux méthodes d’étude des analgésiques. Medicina Experimentalis. v . 11, p. 51-58. 1964. VANE, J.R.; BAKHLE, Y.S.; BOTTING, R.M. Cyclooxygenase 1 and 2. Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology. v. 38, p. 97-120. 1998. VANEGAS, H. To the descending pain-control system in rats, inflammation-induced primary and secondary hyperalgesia are two different things. Neuroscience Letters. v. 361, p. 225-228. 2004. VEIGA JR., V.F.; PINTO, A.C.; MACIEL, M.A.M. Plantas medicinais: cura segura? Química Nova. v. 28, p. 519-528. 2005. VERPOORTE, R.; VAN DER HEIJDEN, R.; MEMELINK, J. Engineering the plant cell factory for secondary metabolite production. Transgenic Research. Dordrecht, v. 9, p. 323-343. 2000. VERRI JR, W.A.; CUNHA, T.M.; PARADA, C.A.; POOLE, F.Q.C.; FERREIRA, S.H. Hypernociceptive role of cytokines and chemokines: Targets for analgesic drug development? Pharmacology and Therapeutics, v. 112, p. 116-138. 2006. VIEGAS Jr, C.; BOLZANI, V. S.; BARREIRO, E. J. Os produtos naturais e a química medicinal moderna. Química Nova, v. 29, n. 2, p.326-337, 2006. VINEGAR, R.; TRUAX, J.F.; SELPH, J.L.; VOELKER, F.A. Pathway of onset, development, and decay of carrageenan pleurisy in the rat. Federation Proceedings. v. 41, n. 9, p. 2588-2595. 1982. VON FREY, M. Untersuchunger über die Sinnesfunctionen der menschlichen Haut. Bandes der Abhandlungen der mathematisch-physischen Classe der Königl. Sächsischen Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften. v. 23, p. 175-266. 1896. WALL, P.D. The laminar organization of dorsal horn and effects of descending impulses. Journal of Physiology. v. 188, n. 3, p. 403-423. 1967. 89 WANG, S.; ZHANG, F.; FENG, Q.; YULIN, L. Synthesis, characterization and antibacterial activity of transmition metal complexes with 5-hydroxy-7-4’-dimethoxyflavone. Journal of Inorganic Biochemistry. v. 46, n. 4, p. 251-257. 1992. WATKINS, L.R.; GOEHLER, L.E.; RELTON, J.; BEWER, M.T.; MAIER, S.F. Mechanisms of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) hyperalgesia. Brain Research. v. 692, n. 1-2, p. 244-250. 1995. WEIMANN, C.; GORANSSON, U.; PONGPRAYOON-CLEASON, U.; CLEASON, P.; BOHLIN, L.; RIMPLER, H.; HEINRICH, M. Spasmolytic effects of Baccharis conferta and some of its constituents. Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology. v. 54, n. 1, p. 99-104. 2002. WIJESEKERA, R.O.B. The medicinal plant industry. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 1991. 269p. WILLIAMS, A.C.C. et al. Evaluation of a cognitive behavioural programme for rehabilitating patients with chronic pain. British Journal of General Practice. v. 43, p. 513-518. 1993. WILLIS, W.D.; COGGESHALL, R.E. Sensory mechanisms of the spinal cord. 1991. New York: Plenum Press. WILLOUGHBY, D.A.; MOORE, A.R.; COLVILLE-NASH, P.R. COX-1, COX-2, and COX-3 and the future of chronic inflammatory disease. Lancet. v. 355, p. 646-648. 2000. WOOLF, C.J.; MANNION, R.J. Neuropathic pain: etiology, symptoms, mechanisms, and management. Lancet. v. 353, p. 1959-1964. 1999. YAKSH, T.L.; HAMMOND, D.L. Peripheral and central substrates involved in the rostral transmissions of nociceptive information. Pain. v. 13, p. 1-85. 1982. YAMADA, C.S.B. Fitoterapia: sua história e importância. Revista Racine, São Paulo, v. 43, p. 50-51. 1998. YOON, J. H.; BAEK, S. J. Molecular targets of dietary polyphenols with anti-inflammatory properties. Yonsei Medical Journal. v. 46, p. 585. 2005. YUNES, R.A., PEDROSA, R.C.; CECHINEL FILHO, V. Fármacos e fitoterápicos: a necessidade do desenvolvimento da indústria de fitoterápicos e fitofármacos no Brasil. Química Nova. São Paulo, v. 24, n. 1, p. 147-152. 2001. ZAHN, P.K.; POGATZKI, E.M.; BRENNAN, T.J. Mechanisms for Pain Caused by Incisions. Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine. v. 27, n. 5, p. 514–516. 2002. ZIMMERMANN, M. Ethical guidelines for investigations of experimental pain in conscious animals. Pain. v. 16, n. 2, p. 109-110. 1983. 90 | por |
dc.subject.cnpq | Medicina Veterinária | por |
dc.thumbnail.url | https://tede.ufrrj.br/retrieve/9862/2011%20-%20Raquel%20Teixeira%20Ferreira.pdf.jpg | * |
dc.thumbnail.url | https://tede.ufrrj.br/retrieve/16044/2011%20-%20Raquel%20Teixeira%20Ferreira.pdf.jpg | * |
dc.thumbnail.url | https://tede.ufrrj.br/retrieve/22356/2011%20-%20Raquel%20Teixeira%20Ferreira.pdf.jpg | * |
dc.thumbnail.url | https://tede.ufrrj.br/retrieve/28726/2011%20-%20Raquel%20Teixeira%20Ferreira.pdf.jpg | * |
dc.thumbnail.url | https://tede.ufrrj.br/retrieve/35576/2011%20-%20Raquel%20Teixeira%20Ferreira.pdf.jpg | * |
dc.thumbnail.url | https://tede.ufrrj.br/retrieve/41924/2011%20-%20Raquel%20Teixeira%20Ferreira.pdf.jpg | * |
dc.thumbnail.url | https://tede.ufrrj.br/retrieve/48356/2011%20-%20Raquel%20Teixeira%20Ferreira.pdf.jpg | * |
dc.thumbnail.url | https://tede.ufrrj.br/retrieve/54746/2011%20-%20Raquel%20Teixeira%20Ferreira.pdf.jpg | * |
dc.originais.uri | https://tede.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/jspui/2709 | |
dc.originais.provenance | Submitted by Sandra Pereira (srpereira@ufrrj.br) on 2019-05-22T12:52:41Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2011 - Raquel Teixeira Ferreira.pdf: 3099683 bytes, checksum: 43008ae5a52f966ec5e32ac6518c43a5 (MD5) | eng |
dc.originais.provenance | Made available in DSpace on 2019-05-22T12:52:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2011 - Raquel Teixeira Ferreira.pdf: 3099683 bytes, checksum: 43008ae5a52f966ec5e32ac6518c43a5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-09-30 | eng |
Appears in Collections: | Mestrado em Medicina Veterinária (Patologia e Ciências Clínicas) |
Se for cadastrado no RIMA, poderá receber informações por email.
Se ainda não tem uma conta, cadastre-se aqui!
Files in This Item:
File | Description | Size | Format | |
---|---|---|---|---|
2011 - Raquel Teixeira Ferreira.pdf | 2011 - Raquel Teixeira Ferreira | 3.03 MB | Adobe PDF | View/Open |
Items in DSpace are protected by copyright, with all rights reserved, unless otherwise indicated.