Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://rima.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/20.500.14407/14837
Full metadata record
DC FieldValueLanguage
dc.contributor.authorMiranda, Ana Claudia Tavares
dc.date.accessioned2023-12-22T03:06:51Z-
dc.date.available2023-12-22T03:06:51Z-
dc.date.issued2014-02-17
dc.identifier.citationMIRANDA, Ana Claudia Tavares. Avaliação de parâmetros fisiológicos e do metabolismo mitocondrial muscular em equinos de concurso completo de equitação submetidos a exercício Intenso. 2014. 86 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Zootecnia) - Instituto de Zootecnia, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, 2014.por
dc.identifier.urihttps://rima.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/20.500.14407/14837-
dc.description.abstractO estudo teve como objetivo avaliar as alterações nos parâmetros fisiológicos relacionados ao desempenho físico antes e após teste de esforço máximo em esteira de alta velocidade de equinos iniciantes de Concurso Completo de Equitação. A pesquisa foi realizada no Laboratório de Avaliação do Desempenho de Equinos, Escola de Equitação do Exército, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Foram usados quatorze equinos da raça Brasileiro de Hipismo, com idade entre 4 e 6 anos, sendo iniciantes de CCE. Foi realizado um teste incremental em esteira de alta velocidade, constituído por três fases, sendo: aquecimento - passo a 1,7m/s por 2 minutos, trote a 4,0 m/s por 2 minutos e trote a 4 m/s em esteira inclinada a 3% durante mais 2 minutos; galopes - mantendo-se a inclinação, iniciando na velocidade de 5 m/s com aumento da velocidade a cada minuto em 1m/s até atingir 8 m/s onde permaneceram até a exaustão e não conseguindo acompanhar a velocidade da esteira; e recuperação - passo a 1,7 m/s por 10 minutos. As amostras foram coletadas antes e, imediatamente, após o fim do teste. As análises bioquímicas foram realizadas em espectofotômetro utilizando kit comerciais. A frequência cardíaca foi acompanhada com frequêncímetro. As amostras de músculo foram obtidas do músculo glúteo médio, e foram divulsionadas e transferidas para uma solução de manutenção - BIOPS, permanecendo à 4 °C até a análise. A respiração mitocondrial foi avaliada utilizando oxígrafo de alta resolução (Oroboros). O protocolo foi: Piruvato/Malato (5/5mM), Adenosina difosfato (1mm), Succinato (20 mm), Adenosina difosfato (1mm), Citocromo c (0,01 mM), Oligomicina (2μg/ml), FCCP (0,001 mM), Rotenona (0,5 uM), Antimicina A (2,5 uM), em meio MIR05. Os resultados foram corrigidos por segundo/peso (mg) e expressos em média e desvio padrão. Foi usado teste T pareado e p <0,05 foi considerado estatisticamente significativo. Os valores de lactato plasmático antes e após o exercício foram de 0,4 ± 0,1 mmol/L e 12,1 ± 4,6 mmol/L, respectivamente. Os valores médios de V2, V4 e V200 foram 6,4±1,55; 8,8±1,97 e 9,3±2,41 m/s, respectivamente. Houve aumento dos valores de HT e PPT (p<0,05) antes e após no último galope do teste. Os valores de glicose plasmática diminuiram durante o exercício e voltaram as valores fisiológicos durante a recuperação. Houve aumento (p<0.05) nos valores séricos de CK após 6 horas do final do teste, porém não houve diferença nos valores de LDH (p>0,05). Os valores de pH e HCO3- diminuiram (p<0,05) após exercício. Houve aumento dos valores de K+ e Na+ após o teste de esforço (p<0,05) e diminuição dos valores de Ca+. A respiração mitocondrial máxima não teve alteração após exercício até fadiga. No entanto, houve um aumento no estado 3 da respiração usando os substratos Piruvato e Malato, e a respiração não-mitocondrial aumentou após o exercício. As alterações fisiológicas observadas mostraram que o teste incremental foi intenso para os equinos iniciantes. Houve pouca alteração na fisiologia mitocondrial do músculo esquelético e ocorreu aumento das reações de enzimas oxidases do músculo glúteo médio após exercício intensopor
dc.description.sponsorshipCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPESpor
dc.formatapplication/pdf*
dc.languageporpor
dc.publisherUniversidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiropor
dc.rightsAcesso Abertopor
dc.subjectTeste esforço progressivopor
dc.subjectRespirometria de alta resoluçãopor
dc.subjectMitocôndriapor
dc.subjectEquinospor
dc.subjectMúsculopor
dc.subjectExercício.por
dc.subjectProgressive effort testeng
dc.subjectHigh resolution respirometryeng
dc.subjectMitochondriaeng
dc.subjectEquineeng
dc.subjectMuscleeng
dc.subjectExerciceeng
dc.titleAvaliação de parâmetros fisiológicos e do metabolismo mitocondrial muscular em equinos de concurso completo de equitação submetidos a exercício Intensopor
dc.title.alternativeEvaluation of Physiological Parameters and Muscle’s Mitochondrial Metabolism of Eventing Horses Submitted to Intense Exerciseeng
dc.typeDissertaçãopor
dc.description.abstractOtherThe study was carried out to evaluate the changes in physiological parameters muscle’s mitochondrial metabolism related to physical performance before and after maximal exercise treadmill test in eventing horses. The research was conducted at Laboratory of Horse Performance Evaluation, Brazilian Army Cavalry School, RJ, Brazil. Fourteen Brazilian Sport Horses were used, age ranging from 4 to 6 years old, and beginners at any exercise program. The incremental test consisted of three stages: warm up – walk at 1.7m/s for 2 minutes, trot at 4 m/s for 2 minutes and, with the treadmill inclined at 3%, trot at 4 m/s for 2 minutes; gallops – maintaining the inclination, started at a 5m/s speed, increasing the velocity 1m/s every minute until 8m/s, where the horses remained until the exhaustion; and recovery – walk at 1.7m/s for 10 minutes. The samples were collected before and immediately after the end of the test. Blood analyzes were measured in a spectrophotometer using commercial kit. Heart rate was monitored with frequency counter. Muscle samples were obtained from the middle gluteal muscle, it was transferred into ice-cold maintenance solution BIOPS. Mitochondrial respiration was assessed with O2K oxygraph of high resolution (Oroboros). The protocol was: Piruvate/Malate (5/5mM), Adenosine diphosphate (1mM), Succinate (20mM), Adenosine diphosphate (1mM), Cytochrome c (0,01mM), Oligomycin (2μg/ml), Carbonyl-cyane-phenyl-hydrozone (0,001mM), Rotenone (0,5μM), Antimycin A (2,5μM); in MIR05. The results were normalized per segundo per gram of wet weight and expressed as mean and SD. Paired t–test was used and p<0.05 was considered as statistically significant. There was observed the lactate values before and after exercise was 0,4 ± 0,1 mmol/L and 12,09 ± 4,6 mmol/L, respectively. The results of Vl2 and Vl4 were subjected to a regression analysis based on the velocity and estimated in 6.9 ± 2.3m/s and 9.5 ± 3.3 m/s, respectively. The V200 value, 8,9 ± 1,2 m/s, was estimated by linear regression based on the gallops velocities. The values of HT and PPT (p < 0.05) increased after the test. The plasma glucose values decreased during exercise and returned to physiological values during recovery. The CK values increased (p < 0.05) 6 hours after the test ended, but the LHD values weren’t difference after the test. The pH and HCO3- decreased (p < 0.05) after exercise. The K+ and Na+ values after the test increased (p< 0.05) and Ca+ values decreased after the exercise. However, there was an increase in state 3 respiration with Piruvate/Malate substrate, and non-mitochondrial respiration after exercise. The physiological changes showed that the incremental test was intense to horses. There is little change in mitochondrial physiology and increased reactions by enzymes oxidases of gluteus middles muscle after intense exerciseeng
dc.contributor.advisor1Almeida, Fernando Queiroz de
dc.contributor.advisor1ID579.744.627-87por
dc.contributor.advisor1Latteshttp://lattes.cnpq.br/2139243762106923por
dc.contributor.advisor-co1Araújo, Alexandre Herculano Borges de
dc.contributor.advisor-co1ID870.960.567-34por
dc.contributor.advisor-co1Latteshttp://lattes.cnpq.br/3144746018853286por
dc.contributor.referee1Galina Filho, Antônio
dc.contributor.referee2Baldani, Cristiane Divan
dc.creator.ID065.357.436-32por
dc.creator.Latteshttp://lattes.cnpq.br/5988208268209379por
dc.publisher.countryBrasilpor
dc.publisher.departmentInstituto de Zootecniapor
dc.publisher.initialsUFRRJpor
dc.publisher.programPrograma de Pós-Graduação em Zootecniapor
dc.relation.referencesAINSWORTH, D. M. Lower airway function: responses to exercise and training. In: HINCHCLIFF, K. W.; KANEPS, A. J.; GEOR, R.J. W.B. Equine Exercise Physiology, Saunders: Londres, p.193-211, 2008. ANDERSON, M.G. The effect of exercise on blood metabolite levels in the horse. Equine Veterinary Journal, v. 7, n. 1, p. 27-33, 1975. ANDREWS, F. M.; GEISER, D.R.; WHITE, S.L.; WILLIAMSON, L.H.; MAYKUTH P.L.; GREEN, E.M. Haematological and biochemical changes in horses competing in a 3 star horse trial and 3-day-event. Equine Veterinary Journal, v. 20, p. 57-63, 1995. ANTONUTTO, G.; DI PRANPERO, P. E. The concept of lactate threshold: A short review. Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness, v. 35, p. 6-12, 1995. ART, T.; AMORY, H.; DESMECHT, D.; LEKEUX, P. Effect of show jumping on heart rate, blood lactate and other plasma biochemical values. Equine Veterinary Journal, v. 9, p. 78-82, 1990a. ART, T.; DESMECHT, D.; AMORY, H.; DELOGNE, O.; BUCHET, M.; LEROY, P.; LEKEUX, P. A field study of post-exercise values of blood biochemical constituents in jumping horses: relationship with score, individual and event. Journal of Veterinary Medicine Series A, v. 37, n. 3, p. 231-239, 1990b. ASHEIM, A.; KNUDSEN, O.; LINDHOLM, A.; RÜLCKER, C., SALTIN, B. Heart rates and blood lactate concentrations of Standardbred horses during training and racing. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, v. 157, n. 3, p. 304-312, 1970. ATTENBURROW, D. P.; GOSS, V. A. The mechanical coupling of lung ventilation to locomotion in the horse. Medical Engineering & Physics, v. 16, n. 3, p. 188-192, 1994. AZEVEDO, J.F. Testes de Esforço Progressivo e Testes do Lactato Mínimo a campo e em esteira de alta velocidade em equinos de Concurso Completo de Equitação. 2012. 73p. Dissertação (Mestrado em Zootecnia). Instituto de Zootecnia, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, RJ, 2012. BAYLY, W. M.; GRANT, B. D.; BREEZE, R. G.; KRAMER, J. W. The effect of maximal exercise on acid-base balance and arterial gas tension on Thoroughbred horses. Equine Exercise Physiology, v.1, p. 400-408, 1983. BAYLY, W. M.; HODGSON, D. R.; SCHULZ, D. A. Exercise-induced hipercapnia in the horse. Journal of Applied Physiology, v. 67, p. 1958-1966, 1989. BAYLY, W.; SCHOTT, H.; SLOCOMBE, R. Ventilatory responses of horses to prolonged submaximal exercise. Equine Veterinary Journal, v. 18, p. 23-28, 1995. BENARD, G.; BELLANCE, N.; JAMES, D.; PARRONE, P.; FERNANDEZ, H.; LETELLIER, T.; LETELLIER, T.; ROSSIGNOL, R. Mitochondrial bioenergetics and structural network organization. Journal Cell Science, v.120, p. 838-848, 2007. BENARD, G., ROSSIGNOL, R. Ultrastructure of the mitochondrion and its bearing on function and bioenergetics. Antioxid Redox Signal, v. 10, n.8, p. 1313-1342, 2008. 52 BENDAHAN, D.; KEMP, G.J.; ROUSSEL, M.; COZZONE, P.J. FUR, Y. L.; ATP synthesis and proton handling in muscle during shot periods of exercise and subsequent recovery. Journal of Applied Physiology, v.94, p.2391-2397, 2003. BERNE, R. M.; LEVY, M. N.; KOEPPEN, B. M.; STANTON, B. A. Fisiologia, 5ª ed. São Paulo:Elsevier, 2004, p. 1082. BOFFI, F. Fisiologia del Ejercicio em Equinos. 1ª ed. Buenos Aires : Inter-Médica, 2007, p 320. BÖNING, D.; MAASSEN, N. Last word on point:counterpoint: lactic acid is/is not the only physicochemical contributor to the acidosis of exercise. Journal of Applied Physiology, v. 105, n. 1, p. 368, 2008. BOTTINELLI, R.; CANEPARI, M.; REGGIANI, C.E.; STIENEN, G.J.M. Miofibrillar ATPase activity during isometric contraction and isomyosin composition in rat single skinned muscle fibres. Journal of Physiology. v. 481, p.663-675, 1994. BRAND, M. D.; BRINDLE, K. M.; BUCKINGHAM, J. A.; HARPER, J. A.; ROLFE, D. F.; STUART, J. A. The significance and mechanism of mitochondrial proton conductance. International Journal of Obesity and Related Metabolic Disorders, v. 23, n.6, p.4-11, 1999. BRANDI, R. A.; FURTADO, C. E.; MARTINS, E. N.; FREITAS, E.V.V.; QUEIROZ-NETO, A.; LACERDA-NETO, J. C. Parâmetros bioquímicos de equinos submetidos à simulação de prova de enduro recebendo dietas com adição de óleo de soja. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, v.39, n.2, p.313-319, 2010. CÂMARA & SILVA, I. A.; DIAS R. V. C.; SOTO-BLANCO, B. Determinação das atividades séricas de creatina quinase, lactato desidrogenase e aspartato aminotransferase em eqüinos de diferentes categorias de atividade. Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, v.59, n. 1, p.250-252, 2007. CARLSON, G. P. Fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base balance. In: KANEKO, J. J.; HAENEY, J. W.; BRUSS, M. L. Clinical Biochemistry of Domestic Animals. 5ª ed. San Diego : Academic Press,1997, p. 485-516. CARLSON, G. P. Interrelationships between fluid, electrolyte and acid-base balance during maximal exercise. Equine Veterinary Journal, v.18, p. 261- 265, 1995. CHILIBECH, P.D.; SYROTUIK, D.G.; BELL, G.J. The effect of strength training on estimates of mitochondrial density and distribution throughout muscle fibres. European Journal of Physiology,. v. 80, p.604-609, 1999. CLAYTON, H.M. Conditioning sport horses. Sport Horse Publication, Saskatoon, Sasketchewan, Canada, p. 45–60, 1991. COENEN, M. Exercise and stress: impact on adaptive processes involving water and electrolytes. Livestock Production Science, v. 92, p. 131-145, 2005. COGGAN, A.R. Plasma glucose metabolism during exercise in humans. Sports Medicine, v. 11, n. 2, p. 102-124, 1991. CONCEIÇÃO, M.; LAPOSY, C. B.; MELCHERT, A.; LOPES, R. S.; KOHAYAGAWA, A.; TAKAHIRA, R. K. Hemograma e bioquímica sérica de equinos da raça Quarto de Milha antes e após o exercício. Veterinária Notícias, v. 7, n.2, p. 87-92, 2001. 53 CUNNINGHAM, J. G. Equilíbrio ácido-básico. In: _______. Tratado de Fisiologia Veterinária. 2. ed. Rio de Janeiro: Guanabara Koogan, p. 436-442, 1999. DAUSSIN, F.N.; ZOLL, J.; PONSOT, E.; DUFOUR, S.P.; DOUTRELEAU, S.; LONSDORFER, E.; VENTURA-CLAPIER, R.; METTAUER, B.; PIQUARD, F.; GENY, B.; RICHARD, R. Training at high exercise intensity promotes qualitative adaptations of mitochondrial function in human skeletal muscle. Journal of Applied Physiology, v.104, p.436-1441, 2008. DAWSON D. M.; GOODFRIEND, T. L.; KAPLAN, N. 0. Lactic dehydrogenases: functions of the two types. Science, v. 143, p. 929-933, 1964. DAY, T. K. Blood gas analysis. The Veterinary Clinics of North America Small Animal Practice, v. 32, p. 1031-1048, 2002. DEARO, A. C. O. Fluidoterapia em Grandes Animais - Parte I. Água Corpórea, Indicações e Tipos de Fluidos. Revista de Educação Continuada do CRMV- SP, v. 4, p. 03-08, 2001. DELDAR, A.; FREGIN, F. G.; BLOOM, J. C.; DAVINIPOUR, Z. Change in selected biochemical constituents of blood collected from horses participating in a 50-mile endurance ride. American Journal of Veterinary Research, v. 43, p. 2239- 2243, 1982. DERMAN, K.D.; NOAKES, T.D. Comparative aspects of exercise physiology. In: HODGSON, D. R.; ROSE, R. J. The athletic horse: principles and practice of equine sports medicine. Philadelphia: Saunders, 1994, p. 13-25. DIAS, I.M.G.; BERGMANN, J.A.G.; REZENDE, A.C.C.; CASTRO, G.H.F. Formação e estrutura populacional do eqüino Brasileiro de Hipismo. Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, v. 52, n. 6, p.647-654, 2000. DONOVAN, C. M.; BROOKS, G. A. Endurance training affects lactate clearance, not lactate production. American Journal of Physiology, v.244, p. 83-92, 1983. DUBOWITZ, V.; SEWRY, C.A.; FITZSIMMONS, R.B. Muscle Biopsies a Practical Appoach, 2ª ed, Baillere Tindall, London, Philadelphia & Toronto, 1985, 720 p. EATON, M.D. Energetics and performance. In: HODGSON, D.R.; ROSE, R.J. The athletic horse: principles and practice of equine sports medicine. Philadelphia : Saunders.1994, p. 49-62. EATON, M.D.; EVANS, D.L.; HODGSON, D.R.; ROSE, R.J. Maximal accumulated oxygen deficit in Thoroughbred horses. Journal of Applied Physiology, v. 78, n. 4, p. 1564-1568, 1995. EDGAR, D.; TRIFUNOVIC, A. Mitochondria: The Dark Side. In: Stocchi, V.; DE FEO, P.; HOOD, D.A. Role of Physical Exercise in Preventing Diasease and Improving the Quality of Life. Italia: Springer, 2007, p. 115-132. ENGEL, W.K.; CUNNINGHAN, G.G. Rapid examination of muscle tissue. Neurology, v.13, p.919-923, 1963. ERICKSON, H. H. Respiração e exercício. In: SWENSON, M. J.; REECE, O. W. Dukes-Fisiologia dos animais domésticos. Rio de Janeiro: Guanabara Koogan, 1996. p. 227-296. 54 ESSEN-GUSTAVSSON, B., KARLSTROM, K.; LINDHOLM, A. Fibre types, enzyme activities and substrate utilisation in skeletal muscles of horses competing in endurance rides. Equine Veterinary Journal, v.16, p.197–202, 1984. ESTABROOK, R. Mitochondrial respiratory control and the polarographic measurement of ADP/O ratios. Methods Enzymol. v. 10, p.41-47, 1967. EVANS, D. L. Exercise testing in the field. In: HINCHCLIFF, K. W.; GEOR, R. J.; KANEPS, A. J. Equine Exercise Physiology- The Science of Exercise in Athletic Horse. 1ª ed. Elsevier. Philadelphia, p.12-27, 2008. FAN, L. C. R.; LOPES, S. T. A.; COSTA, P. R. S.; KRAUSE, A.; DUTRA, V.; CARVALHO, C. B. Anion gap no sangue venoso de eqüinos. Ciência Rural, Santa Maria, v. 24, p. 101-104, 1994. FAVERO, T.G.; STAVRIANEAS,S.; KLUG,G.A. Training-induced alterations in lactate Dehydrogenase reaction kinetics in rats: A re-examination. Experimental Physiology, v.84, p. 989-998, 1999. FAZIO, F.; ASSENZA, A.; TOSTO, F.; CASELLA, S.; PICCIONE, G.; CAOLA, G. Training and haematochemical profile in Thoroughbreds and Standardbreds: A longitudinal study, Livestock Science, v. 141, p. 221–226, 2011. FEI Fédération Equestre Internationale : http://www.fei.org/disciplines/eventing/about-eventing acessado em 30/05/2012 FENGER, C. K.; McKEEVER, K. H.; HINCHCLIFF, K. W.; KOHN, C. W. Determinants of oxygen delivery and hemoglobin saturation during incremental exercise in horses American Journal of Veterinary Research, v. 61, p. 1325-1332, 2000. FERRAZ, G. C.; D’ANGELIS, F. H. F.; TEIXEIRA-NETO, A. R.; FREITAS, E. V. V.; LACERDA-NETO, J. C.; QUEIROZ-NETO, A. Limiar sangüíneo de lactato reflete a resposta da glicose em cavalos submetidos a teste de exercício progressivo. Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, v. 60, n.1, p. 256-259, 2008. FERRAZ, G. C.; SOARES, O. A. B.; FOZ, N. S. B.; PEREIRA, M. C.; QUEIROZ- ETO, A. The workload and plasma ion concentration in a training match session of high-goal (elite) polo ponies. Equine Veterinary Journal, v. 42, s. 38, p 191-195, 2010. FERREIRA, A.M.R. Análise histoquímica e imuno-histoquímica de macromoléculas da matriz extracelular e dos tipos de fibras do músculo glúteo médio eqüino. 2000. 196p. Tese (Doutorado em Patologia Experimental) – Faculdade de Medicina – Universidade Federal Fluminense. FERREIRA, A.M.R. Estudo enzimo-histoquímico e histomorfométrico nos músculos tibial anterior e gastrocnêmico e cardíaco no camundongo distrófico mdx.1994. 167p. Dissertação (Mestrado em Patologia Experimental) – Faculdade de Medicina – Universidade Federal Fluminense. FOREMAN, J.H.; GRUBB, T.L.; BENSON, G.J.; FREY, L.P.; FOGLIA, R.A.; GRIFFIN, R.L. Acid-base and electrolyte effects of shortening steeplechase in a three-day-event. Equine Veterinary Journal, v. 22, p. 85-90, 1996. FRAYN, K.N. Metabolic regulation: a human perspective. 3ª ed. Wiley-Blackwell, 2012. 371 p. 55 FREESTONE, J. F.; GOSSET, K.; CARLSON, G. P. Exercise induced alterations in the serum muscle enzymes, erytrocyte potassium and plasma constituents following feed withdrawal or furosemide and sodium bicarbonate administration in the horse. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, v. 5, p. 40-45, 1991. FREGIN, G.F.; THOMAS, D.P. Cardiovascular response to exercise in the horse: a review. In: SNOW, D.H.; PERSSON, S.G.B.; ROSE, R.J. Equine Exercise Physiology. Cambrigde: Burlington, p. 76-90, 1982. GEHLEN, H.; MARNETTE, S.; ROHN, F. E.; ELLENDORF, F.; STADLER, P. Echocardiographic comparison of left ventricular dimensions and function after standardized treadmill exercise in trained and untrained healthy Warmblood horses. Equine and Comparative Exercise Physiology, v. 3, n.1, p.3-11, 2006. GEISER, D. R.; ANDREWS, F. M.; ROHRBACH, B. W.; WHITE, S. L.; MAYKUTH, P. L.; GREEN, E. M.; PROVENZA, M. K. Blood ionized calcium concentrations in horses before and after the cross-country phase of 3-day event competition. American Journal of Veterinary Research, v. 56, n. 11, p. 1502-1505, 1995. GLADDEN, L. B. Lactate metabolism: a new paradigm for the third Millennium. Journal of Physiology. v.558, n. 1, p. 5-30, 2004. GNAIGER, E. Capacity of oxidative phosphorylation in human skeletal muscle: new perspectives of mitochondrial physiology. The International Journal of Biochemistry & Cell Biology, v.41, p. 1837-1845, 2009. GNAIGER, E. Mitochondrial Pathways and Respiratory Control An Introduction to OXPHOS Analysis. Mitochondria Physiology Network. OROBOROS MiPNet Publications, Innsbruck. 2012, p. 64. GOKCE, G.; CITIL, M.; GUNES, V.; ATALAN, G. Effect of time delay and storage temperature on blood gas acid-base values of bovine venous blood. Research in Veterinary Science, v. 76, p. 121-127, 2004. GONZÁLEZ, F.H.D.; SILVA, S.C. Introdução à Bioquímica Clínica Veterinária. Porto Alegre: Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, 2003. 198p. GOODYEAR, L. J.; KAHN, B. B. Exercise , glucose transport and insulin sensitivity, Annual review in Medicine, v. 49, p. 235-261, 1998. GUHL, A.; LINDNER, A.; VON WITTKE, P. Use of relationship between blood lactate and running speed to determine the exercise intensity of horses. The Veterinary Record, v. 139, n. 5, p. 108-110, 1996. GUYTON, A. C.; HALL, J. E. Os compartimentos líquidos corporais: líquido extracelular, intracelular e edema. In: ________. Tratado de Fisiologia Médica. 10. ed. Rio de Janeiro: Guanabara Koogan, 2002. p. 250-264. HAMLIN, M.J.; SHEARMAN, J.P.; HOPKINS, W.G. Changes in physiological parameters in overtrained Standardbred racehorses. Equine Veterinary Journal, v. 34, n. 4, p. 383-388, 2002. HANZAWA, K.; KAI, M.; HIRAGA, A.; WATANABE, S. Fragility of red cells during exercise is affected by blood pH and temperature. Equine Veterinary Journal, v 30, p. 610-611, 1999. 56 HARRIS, P A.; MARLIN, D. J; GRAY, J. Plasma aspartate aminotransferase and creatine kinase activities in thoroughbred racehorses in relation to age, sex, exercise and training, The Veterinary Journal, v. 155, p. 295-304, 1998. HARRIS, P.; MARLIN, D. J.; DAVIDSON, H.; RODGERSON, J.; GREGORY, A.; HARRISON, D. Practical assessment of heart rate response to exercise under field conditions. Equine and Comparative Exercise Physiology, v.4, n.1, p.15-21, 2007. HARRIS, P.; SNOW, D. H. The effect of high intensity exercise on the plasma concentration of lactate, potassium and other electrolytes. Equine Veterinary Journal, v. 20, p. 109-111, 1988 HINCHCLIFF, K.W.; LAUDERDALE, M. A.; DUTSON, J.; GEOR, R. J.; LACOMBE, V. A.; TAYLOR, L. E. High intensity exercise conditioning increases accumulated oxygen deficit of horses. Equine Veterinary Journal, v. 34, n.1, p. 9-16, 2002. HINTON, M. The biochemical and clinical of exhaustion in the horse. Annual Report / Centre for Tropical Veterinary Medicine, v. 18, p.169-172, 1978. HODGSON, D. R.; ROSE, R. J. Effects of a nine-month endurance training programme on muscle composition in the horse. Veterinary Record, v.121, p. 271-274, 1987. HODGSON, D. R.; ROSE, R. J. The athletic horse: Principles and practice of equine sports medicine. 1ª ed. Philadelphia: W. B. Saunders Company, p. 245-258, 1994. HOLLMAN, W. Historical remarks on the development of the aerobic-anaerobic threshold up to 1966. International Journal of Sports Medicine, v. 6, p. 109-116, 1985. HOOD, D. A.; IRRCHER, I.; LJUBICIC, V.; JOSEPH, A. M. Coordination of metabolic plasticity in skeletal muscle. Journal of Experimental Biology, v. 209, p.2265-2275, 2006. HOPPELER, H.; FLUCK, M. Plasticity of skeletal muscle mitochondria: structure and function. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, v.35, n.1, p.95-104, 2003. HOROWITZ, J.F.; KLEIN, S. Lipid metabolism during endurance exercise. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, v.72, p.558-563, 2000. HOUPT, T. R. Equilíbrio Ácido-básico. In: REECE, W. O. Dukes-Fisiologia dos Animais Domésticos. Guanabara Koogan: Rio de Janeiro, 2006, p. 147-160. HUSSNI, C. A.; NICOLETTI, J. L. M. Alterações do pH, da PO2 e da PCO2 arteriais e da concentração de lactato sangüíneo de cavalos da raça árabe durante exercício em esteira de alta velocidade. Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, v. 58, p. 320-326, 2006. HYYPPÄ, S. Endocrinal responses in exercising horses. Livestock Production Science, v. 92, p. 113-121, 2005. ISLAS, A.; RIVERO, J. L. L.; QUEZADA, M.; MORA, G.; AEDO, V.; BRIONES, V.; MARIN, L. Características histoquímicas de las fibras del músculo gluteus medius en equinos de tiro. Archivos de Medicina Veterinaria, v. 28, n. 1, p. 83-91, 1996. JABLONSKA, E.M.; ZIOLKOWSKA, M. S.; GILL, J.; SZYKULA, R.; FAFF, J. Changes in some haematological and metabolic indices in young horses during the first year of jump-training. Equine Veterinary Journal, v. 23, n. 4, p. 309-311, 1991. 57 JACOBS, R.A.; MEINILD, A.; NORDSBORG, N.B.; LUNDBY, C. Lactate oxidation in human skeletal muscle mitochondria. American Journal of Physiology- Endocrinology and Metabolism,. v. 304, p. 86-94, 2013. JOHNSON, P. J. Physiology of body fluids in the horse. The Veterinary Clinics of North America Equine Practice, v. 14, p. 01-22, 1998. JOHNSON, P.J. Electrolyte and acid-base disturbances in the horse. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice, v.11, n.3, p.491-514, 1995. JUDSON, G.J; FRAUENFELDER, H.C.; MOONEY, G.J. Biochemical changes in Thoroughbred racehorses following submaximal and maximal exercise. In: SNOW, D.H.; PERSSON, S.G.B.; ROSE, R.J. Equine Exercise Physiology.. Cambridge: Granta Editions, p. 408-415, 1983. JUEL, C. Lactate-proton cotransport in skeletal muscle. Physiological Revews, v. 77, n. 2, p. 321-358, 1997. KANEKO, J.; HARVEY, J.; BRUSS, M. Clinical biochemistry of domestic animals. 5ª ed. San Diego: Academic Press, 1997. 932p. KINGSTON, J.K. Hematologic and serum biochemical responses to exercise and training. IN: HINCHCLIFF, K.W.; KANEPS, A.J.; GEOR, R. J. Equine Sports Medicine and Surgery: Basic and Clinical Sciences of the Equine Athlete, Philadelphia: W.B.Saunders. p.940-948, 2004. KLINE, K.H.; LAWRENCE, L.M.; NOVAKOFSKY, J.; BECHTEL, P.J. Changes inmuscle fiber variation within the middle gluteal of young and mature horses as afunction of sampling depth. Equine Exercise Physiology, v. 2, p. 271-277,1987. KOWALTOWSKI, A.J.; DE SOUZA-PINTO, N.C.; CASTILHO, R.F.; VERCESI, A.E. Mitochondria and reactive oxygen species. Free Radical Biology & Medicine, v.4, p.333-343, 2009. KRAMER, R.H.; ROSEN, S.; McDONALD, K.A. Basement membrane components associated with the extracellular matrix of the lymph node. Cell Tissue Research, v.252, 1988, p. 367 LACOMBE, V.A.; HINCHCLIFF, K.W.; TAYLOR, L.E. Interactions of substrate availability, exercise performance, and nutrition with muscle glycogen metabolism in horses. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, v. 223, n. 11, p. 1576-1585, 2003. LEKEUX, P.; ART, T. The respiratory system: anatomy, physiology, and adaptations to exercise and training. In: HODGSON, D. R.; ROSE, R. J. The athletic horse. Philadlphia: W. B. Saunders Company, p. 81-127, 1994. LEKEUX, P.; ART, T.; LINDEN, A.; DESMECHT, D.; AMORY, H. Heart rate, hematological and serum biochemical responses to show jumping. Equine Exercise Physiology, v. 3, p. 385-390, 1991. LELEU, C.; COTREL, C. Body composition in young Standardbreds in training: relationships to body condition score, physiological and locomotor variables during exercise. Equine Veterinary Journal, v.38, n. 36, p. 98–101, 2006. LINDHOLM, A.; PIEHL, K. Fiber composition, enzyme activity and concentrations of metabolites and eletrolytes in muscles of Standardbred horses. Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica v.15,p.287-309, 1974. 58 LINDINER, M. I. Acid-base physiology during exercise and in response to training. In: HINCHCLIFF, K. W.; KANEPS, A. J.; GEOR, R. J. Equine Sports Medicine and Surgery. Philadelphia: Saunders, p. 872-897, 2004. LINDNER A.; DAG ERGINSOY S.; KISSENBECK S.; MOSEN H.; HETZEL U.; DROMMER W.; CHAMIZO V. E.; RIVERO J. L. L. Effect of different blood-guided conditioning programmes on skeletal muscle ultrastructure and histochemistry of sport horses. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition, v.10, p 374-386. 2012. LINDNER, A. Use of blood biochemistry for positive performance diagnosis of port horses in practice. Revue de Médecine Vétérinaire, v. 151, p. 611-618, 2000. LINDNER, A.; DAG, S.; MARTI-KORFF, S.; QUIROZ-ROTHE, E.; RIVERO, J.L.L.; DROMMER, W. Effects of repeated biopsying on muscle tissue in horses. Equine Veterinary Journal, v. 34, n. 6, p. 619-624, 2002. LINDNER, A.; SIGNORINI, R.; BRERO, L.; ARN. E.; MANCINI. R.; ENRIQUE, A. Effect of conditioning horses with short intervals at high speed on biochemical variables in blodd. Equine Veterinary Journal, v. 36, p. 88-92, 2006. LINDNER, M.I., MCKELVIE, R.S., HEIGENHAUSER, G.J.F. K+ and Lacdistribution in humans during and after high-intensity exercise: role in muscle fatigue and attenuation. Journal of Applied Physiological. v.78, p. 765-777, 1995. LÓPEZ-RIVERO, J. L. ; PIERCY, R.J. Muscle physiology: responses to exercise and training. In: HINCHCLIFF, K. L. KANEPS, A. J.; GEOR, R. J. Equine Sport Medicine and Surgery. Saunders Elsevier Ltd, Edinburgh, UK. 2004, p. 45–76. LÓPEZ-RIVERO, J.L. Performance diagnosis and evaluation of fitness in horses by use of muscle biopsies. Laboratory Diagnosis for Sport Horses. 1ªed. Wageningen Pers, Netherlands, 1998, p 48-54. LÓPEZ-RIVERO, J.L.; AGUERA & MONTERDE J.G.; RODRIGUEZ-BARBUDO, M.V.; MIRÓ, F. Comparative study of muscle fiber type composition in the middle gluteal muscle of Andalusian, Thoroughbred and Arabian horses. Journal Equine Veterinary Science, v.9, p.337-340,1989. LOPEZ-RIVERO, J.L.; SERRANO, A.L.; DIZ, A.M; GALISTEO, A.M. Variability of muscle fibre composition and fibre size in the horse gluteus medius: an enzyme-histochemical and morphometric study. Journal of Anatomy. v.181, p.1-10, 1994. LÓPEZ-RIVERO, J.L.L. Muscle biopsy as a tool for assessing muscular adaptation to training in horses. American Journal of Veterinary Research, v. 57, p. 1412-1416, 1996. LÓPEZ-RIVERO, J.L.L.; SERRANO, A.L.; HENCKEL, P. Activities of selected aerobic and anaerobic enzymes in the gluteus medius muscle of endurance horses with different performance records. The Veterinary Record, v.137, p.187–192, 1995. LUTHI, J.M.; HOWALD, H.; CLASSEN, H.; ROESLER, K.; VOCK, P.; HOPPELER, H. Structural changes in skeletal muscle tissue with heavy-resistance exercise. International Journal of Sports Medicine. v.7, p.123-127, 1986. MACLEAY, J.M.; SORUM, S.A.; VALBERG, S.J.; MARSH, W.E.; SORUM, M.D. Effect of ration and exercise on plasma creatine kinase activity and lactate concentration in Thoroughbred horses with recurrent exertional rhabdomyolysis. American Journal of Veterinary Research, v. 61, n. 11, p. 1390-1395, 2000. 59 MANSMANN, R. A.; CARLSON, G. P.; WHITE, N. A.; MILNE, D. N. Synchronous diaphragmatic flutter in the horse. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, v. 165, p. 265-270, 1974. MANSO FILHO, H.C.; MANSO, H.E.C.C.; FERREIRA, L.M.C.; SANTIAGO, T.A.; WANDERLEY, E.K.; ABREU, J.M.G. Porcentagem de gordura de cavalo criados em região tropical. Acta Scientiae Veterinariae, v. 37, n. 3, p.239-243, 2009. MARLIN, D.; NANKERVIS, K. Indicators of performance. IN: MARLIN, D.; NANKERVIS, K. Equine Exercise Physiology. Great Britain: Blackwell, 2002, p. 245-260. McGOWAN, C. Clinical pathology in the racing horse: the role of clinical pathology in assessing fitness and performance in the racehorse, Veterinary Clinics in North America: Equine Practice, v. 24, n. 2, p. 405-421, 2008. McGOWAN, C.M.; GOLLAND, L.C.; EVANS, D.L.; HODGSON, D.R.; ROSE, R.J. Effects of prolonged training, overtraining and detraining on skeletal muscle metabolites and enzymes. Equine Veterinary Journal, v. 34, p. 257-263, 2002. McKEEVER, K. H. Body fluids and electrolytes: response to exercise and training. In: HINCHCLIFF, K. W.; KANEPS, A. J.; GEOR, R. J. Equine Sports Medicine and Surgery. Philadelphia: W B Saunders, 2004, p. 853-871. McKEEVER, K.H.; HINCHCLIFF, K. W.; REED, S. M.; ROBERTSON, J. T.; Plasma constituents during incremental treadmill exercise in intact and splenectomized horses. Equine Veterinary Journal, v. 25, n. 3, p. 233-236, 1993. MONTEIRO, P.; OLIVEIRA, P.J.; GONCALVES, L.; PROVIDENCIA, L.A. Mitochondria: role in ischemia, reperfusion and cell death. Revista Portuguesa de Cardiologia, v.22, p.233-254, 2003. MONTES, G. S.; JUNQUEIRA, L. C. U.. The use of the Picrosirius-polarization method for the study of the biopathology of collagen. Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, v. 86, p. 1-11, 1991. MULLEN, P.A.; HOPES, R.; SEWELL, J. The biochemistry, haematology, nutrition and racing performance of two-year-old thoroughbreds their training and racing season. Veterinary Record, v. 104, n. 5, p. 90-95, 1979. MUÑOZ, A.; RIBER, C.; SANTISTEBAN, R.; LUCAS, R. G.; CASTEJÒN, F. M. Effect of training duration and exercise on blood-borne substrates, plasma lactate and enzyme concentrations in Andalusian, Anglo-Arabian and Arabian breeds, Equine Veterinary Journal, Suppl, v. 34, p. 245–251, 2002. MUÑOZ, A.; SANTISTEBAN, R.; RUBIO, M. D.; VIVO, R.; AGÜERA, E. I; ESCRIBANO; B. M.; CASTEJÓN, F. M. The use of functional indexes to evaluate fitness in andalusian horses. Journal of Veterinary Medicine Science, v. 59, n. 9, p. 747-750, 1997. MUÑOZ, R.; SANTISTEBAN, M.D.; RUBIO, C.; RIBER, C.; AGÜERA, E.I.; CASTEJÓN, F.M. Relationship between slope of the plasma lactate accumulation curve and working capacity in andalusian horses. Acta Veterinary Brno, v.68, p.41-50, 1999. MURAKAMI, M.; TAKAGI, S. Effects of continuous long distance running exercise on plasma enzyme levels in horses. Experimental Reports of Equine Health Laboratory, v. 11, p. 106-118, 1974. 60 MYERS, J.; ASHLEY, E. Dangerous curves. A perspective on exercise, lactate, and the anaerobic threshold. Chest, v. 111, n. 3, p. 787-795, 1997. NELSON, D.L.; COX, M.M. Lehninger: Princípios de Bioquímica, 5ª ed. , Editora Sarvier, 2011. NICHOLLS, D. G. Mitochondrial membrane potential and aging. Aging Cell, v.3, n.1, p. 35-40, 2004. NICHOLLS, D. G., FERGUSON S. J. Bioenergetics, 3ª ed., Academic press, London, 2002. Nutrient requirements of the horse. 6th Revised edn. Washington D.C.: National Academy Press, p.8, 2007. NYMAN, G.; BJORK, M.; FUNKQUIST, P.; PERSSON, S. G. B.; WAGNER, P. D. Ventilation-perfusion relationship during graded exercise in the Standardbred trotter. Equine Veterinary Journal, v. 18, p. 63-69, 1995. PAGAN, J.D.; GEOR, R.J.; HARRIS, P.A.; HOEKSTRA, K.; GARDNER, S.; HUDSON, C.; PRINCE; A. Effects of fat adaptationon glucose kinetics and substrate oxidation during low-intensity exercise. Equine Veterinary Journal, v.34, p.33-38, 2002. PAGAN, J.D.; HARRIS, P.A. The effects of timing and amount of forage and grain on exercise response in thoroughbred horses. Equine Veterinary Journal, v. 30, p. 451-457, 1999. PAN, L.G.; FORSTER, H.V.; BISGARD, G.E.; KAMINSKI, R.P.; DORSEY, S.M.; BUSCH, M.A. Hyperventilation in ponies at the onset of and during steady-state exercise. Journal of Applied Physiology, v. 54, n. 5, p. 1394-1402, 1983. PERSSON, S. D. G. On blood volume and working capacity of horses: Studies of methodology and physiological and pathological variations, Acta Physiological Scandinavica, v. 19, n. 9, p. 189, 1967. PERSSON, S. G. B.; ESSEN-GUSTAVSSON, B.; LINDHOLM, A.; McMIKEN, D. F.; THORNTON, J. R. Cardiorespiratory and metabolic effects of training of Standardbred yearlings. In: SNOW, D. H., PERSSON, S. G.B., ROSE, J. R. Equine Exercise Physiology. Burlington Press, Cambridge. 1983. p. 458-469a. PERSSON, S.G.B. Evaluation of exercise tolerance and fitness in the performance horse. In: SNOW, D.H.; PERSSON, S.G.B.; ROSE, R.J. Equine Exercise Physiology. Cambridge: Granta, 1983. p. 441-457b. PESCE, A.; MCKAY, R. H.; STOLZENBACH, F.; CAHN, R. D.; KAPLAN, N. 0. The comparative enzymology of lactic dehydrogenases. Journal of Biological Chemistry, v. 239, p. 1753-1761, 1964. PETTE, D. The adaptive potential of skeletal muscle fibers. Journal of Applied Physiology, v. 27, p. 423-448, 2002. PHILIP, A.; MACDONALD, A. L.; WATT, P. W. Lactate – a signal coordinating cell and systemic function. The Journal of Experimental Biology, v. 208, p. 4561-4575, 2005. PHILLIPS, S.M.; GREEN, H. J.; TARNOPOLSKY, M. A.; GANT, S. M. Increased clearance of lactate after short-term training in men. Journal of Applied Physiology, v. 79, n. 6, p. 1862-1869, 1995. 61 PICCIONE, G.; ASSENZA, A.; FAZIO, F.; PERCIPALLE, M.; CAOLA, G. Assesment of anaerobic threshold in the galloper using a standardized exercise field test. Veterinary Medicine – Czech, v. 49, n. 8, p. 291-297, 2004. PINA, I. L.; APSTEIN, C. S.; BALADY, G. J.; BELARDINELLI, R.; CHAITMAN, B. R.; DUSCHA, B. D.; FLETCHER, B. J.; FLEG, J. L.; MYERS, J. N.; SULLIVAN, M. J. Exercise and heart failure: A statement from the American Heart Association Committee on exercise, rehabilitation, and prevention. Circulation, v.107, p. 1210-1225, 2003. POOLE, D. C.; ERICKSON, H. H. Heart and vessels: function during exercise and response to training. In: HINCHCLIFF, K. W.; KANEPS, A. J.; GEOR, R. J. Equine Sports Medicine and Surgery. Philadelphia: Saunders, 2004. p. 699-727. POOLE, R.C.; HALESTRAP, A.P. Transport of lactate and other monocarboxylates across mammalian plasma membranes. American Journal of Physiology, v. 264, n. 4, p. 761-782, 1993. PÖSÖ, A. R. Monocarboxylate transporters and lactate metabolism in equine athletes: a review, Acta Veterinaria Scandinavia, v. 43, n. 2, p. 63-74, 2002. PÖSÖ, A.R., LAMPINEN, K.J., RÄSÄNEN, L.A. Distribution of lactate between red blood cells and plasma after exercise. Equine Veterinary Journal, v.18, p. 231-234, 1995. PRATT, C.W.; CORNELY, K. Bioquímica Essencial. 1ª ed. Rio de Janeiro: Guanabara Koogan, 2006, 716 p. RALSTON, S. Insulin and glucose regulation, The Veterinary Clinics: Equine Practice, v. 18, p. 295–304, 2002. RASMUSSEN, U.F.; KRUSTRUP, P.; BANGSBO, J.; RASMUSSEN, H.N. The effect of high-intensity exhaustive exercise studied in isolated mitochondria from human skeletal muscle. European Journal of Physiology, v. 443, p. 180-187, 2001. RIVERO, J. L. L.; DIZ, A. M.; MONTEVERDE, J. G.; AGÜERA, E. Intramuscular distribuition of fibre types in the gluteus medius of the horse: A histochemical analyses. Anatomy Histology and Embriology, v. 22, p. 223-240, 1993. RIVERO, J. L. L.; RUZ, M.C.; SERRANO, A. L.; DIZ, A. M. Effects of the 3 month endurance training programme on skeletal muscle istochemistry in andalusian,Arabian and Anglo-Arabian horses. Equine Veterinary Journal, v.27, p.51-59, 1995a. RIVERO, J. L. L.; SERRANO, A. L.; BARREY, E.; VALETTE, J. P.; JOUGLIN, M. Analysis of myosin heavy chains at the protein level in horse skeletal muscle. Journal of Muscle Research Cell Motility, v.20, p. 2121-2122, 1999. RIVERO, J. L. L.; SERRANO, A. L.; HENCKEL, P. Activities of selected aerobic and anaerobic enzymes in the gluteus medius of endurance horses with different performance records. Veterinary Research, v. 137, p. 187-192, 1995b. RIVERO, J.L.L.; RUZ, M.C.; SERRANO, A.L.; DIZ, A.M. Effects of a 3 months endurance Training programme on skeletal muscle histochemistry in Andalusian Arabian and Anglo-Arabian horses. Equine Veterinary Journal, v. 27, p. 51-59, 1995c. ROBINSON, E. N. Current therapy in equine medicine. 5ª ed. Philadelphia: Saunders, 2003, 960 p. 62 ROSE, R.J.; HODGSON, D.R. An overview of performance and sports medicine. In: HODGSON, D.R. and ROSE, R.J. The athletic horses: principles and practice of equine sports medicine.1 ed. Philadelphia: Saunders. cap. 4, p.3-25, 1994a. ROSE, R.J.; HODGSON, D.R. Hematology and biochemistry. In: HODGSON, D.R.; ROSE, R. J. (Eds.). The athletic horse: principles and practice of equine sports medicine. Philadelphia: Saunders, 1994. p. 63-78b. ROSE, R.J.; ILKIW, J. E.; ARNOLD, K. S. Plasma biochemistry in the horse during 3-day event competition. Equine Veterinary Journal, v. 12, n. 3, p. 132-136, 1980. ROSE, R.J.; PURDUE, R.A.; HENSLEY, W. Plasma biochemistry alterations in horses during an endurance ride. Equine Veterinary Journal, v. 9, n. 3, p. 122-136, 1977. ROSE, R.J; ALLEN, J.R.; HODGSON, D.R.; STEWART, J.H.; CHANN, W. Responses to submaximal treadmill exercise and training in the horse: changes in haematology, arterial blood gas and acid base measurements, plasma biochemical values and heart rate. The Veterinary Record, v. 113, n. 26/27, p. 612-618, 1983. ROTTENBERG, H.; WU, S. Quantitative assay by flow cytometry of the mitochondrial membrane potential in intact cells. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta, v.16, p. 393-404, 1998. RYAN, C.; RADZIUK, J. Distinguishable substrate pools for muscle glyconeogenesis in lactate-supplemented recovery from exercise. American Journal of Physiology, v. 269, n. 3, p. 538-550, 1995. SAMPAIO, I.B.M. Estatística aplicada à experimentação animal. 2.ed. Belo Horizonte: FEPMVZ, 2002. 265p SANTIAGO, J.M.; ALMEIDA, F.Q.; SILVA, L.L.F.; MIRANDA, A.C.T.; AZEVEDO, J.F.; OLIVEIRA, C.A.A.; CARRILHO, S.S. Hematologia e bioquímica sérica de equinos de concurso completo de equitação em treinamento. Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, v.65, n.2, p.383-392, 2013. SCHALM, O.W. Equine Hematology: the erythrocytes and plasma. Equine Practice, v. 1, n. 2, p. 37-42, 1979. SCHOTT, H. C.; BOHART, G. V.; EBERHART S. W. Potassium and lactate uptake by noncontracting tissue during strenuous exercise. Equine Veterinary Journal. v.34, p 532-538, 2002. SCHOTT, H. C.; McGLADE, K. S.; MOLANDER, H. A.; LEROUX, A. J.; HINES, M. T. Body weight, fluid, electrolyte, and hormonal changes in horses competing in 50- and 100-mile endurance rides. American Journal of Veterinary Research, v. 58, p. 303-309, 1997. SCHUBACK, K.; ESSÉN-GUSTAVSSON, B. Muscle anaerobic response to a maximal treadmill exercise test in Standardbred trotters. Equine Veterinary Journal, v. 30, n. 6, p. 504-510, 1998. SEAHORN, J. L.; SEAHORN, T. L. Fluid therapy in horses with gastrointestinal disease. The Veterinary Clinics of North America - Equine Practice, v. 19, p. 665-679, 2003. SEEHERMAN H. J.; MORRIS, E. A. Application of a standardised treadmill exercise test for clinical evaluation of fitness in 10 Thoroughbred racehorses. Equine Veterinary Journal, v.22, n.9, p. 26–34, 1990. 63 SEJERSTED, O. M. Electrolyte imbalance in body fluids as a mechanism of fatigue during exercise. In: LAMB, D. GISOLFI, C. V. Energy Metabolism (Perspective in exercise science and sports medicine). Dubuque: Brown and Benchmark, 1992, p. 149-205. SERRANO, A. L.; RIVERO, J. L. L. Myosin Heavy Chain profile of equine Gluteus medius following prolonged draught exercise training and detraining. Journal of Muscle Research and Cell Motility, v. 21, p. 235-245, 2000a. SERRANO, A.L.; QUIROZ-ROTHE, E.; RIVERO, J.L.L. Early and long-term changes of equine skeletal muscle in response to endurance training and detraining. Pflugers Arch, v.441, p. 263-274, 2000b. SHEARMAN, J. P.; HAMLIN, M. J.; HOPKINS, W. G. Effect of tapered normal and interval training on performance of Standardbred pacers. Equine Veterinary Journal, v. 34, p. 395-399, 2002. SILVA, M. A. G.; MARTINS, C. B.; GOMIDE, L. M. W.; ALBERNAZ, R. M.; QUEIROZ-NETO, A.; LACERDA-NETO, J. C. Determinação de eletrólitos, gases sanguíneos, osmolalidade, hematócrito, hemoglobina, base titulável e anion gap no sangue venoso de equinos destreinados submetidos a exercício máximo e submáximo em esteira rolante, Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, v. 61, n. 5, p. 1021-1027, 2009. SIMÕES, H. G. Respostas metabólicas e hormonais durante os testes de determinação do limiar anaeróbio individual e lactato mínimo. Tese (Doutorado em Ciências Fisiológicas) Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde. Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2000. SKELTON, M.S.; KREMER, D.E.; SMITH, E.W.; GLADDEN, L.B. Lactate influx into red blood cells of athletic and non athletic species. American Journal of Physiology, v. 268, n. 5, p. 1121-1128, 1995. SLOET VAN OLDRUITENBORGH-OOSTERBAAN, M. M.; SPIERENBURG, A. J.; VAN DEN BROEK, E. T. W. The workload on riding-school horses during jumping, Equine Veterinary Journal, v. 36, p. 93-97, 2006. SMITH, J.A.; KOLBUCH-BRADDON, M.; GILLAM, I.; TELFORD, R.D.; WEIDEMANN, M.J. Changes in the susceptibility of red cells to oxidative and osmotic stress following submaximal exercise. European Journal of Applied Physiology and Occupational Physiology, v. 70, n. 5, p. 427-436, 1995. SNOW, D. H.; BILLETER, R.; JENNY, E. Myosin types in equine skeletal muscle. Research in Veterinary Science, v. 30, p. 381-382, 1981. SNOW, D. H.; GUY, P. S. Muscle fibre type composition of a number of limbmuscle in different types of horse. Research in Veterinary Science, v.28, p. 173-144, 1980. SNOW, D. H.; GUY, P.S. Percutaneous needle muscle biopsy in the horse. Equine Veterinary Journal, v. 8, p. 150-155, 1976. SNOW, D. H.; VALBERG, S. J. Muscle anatomy, physiology, and adaptations to exercise. In: ROSE, R. J.; HODGSON, D. R. The athletic horse: principles and practice of equine sports medicine. Philadelphia: W. B. Saunders Company, 1994, p. 49-62. SNOW, D.H.; MUNRO, C.D.; NIMMO, M. A. Effects of nandrolenephenylproprionate in the horse: Resting animal. Equine Veterinary Journal, v.14, p.219- 223. 1982. 64 SNOW, D.H.; VALBERG, S. J. Post-race blood biochemistry in Thoroughbred. In: SNOW, D.H.; PERSSON, S.G.B.; ROSE, R.J. Equine Exercise Physiology. Burlington: Cambridge, 1983. p. 389-399. SOBIECH, P.; STOPYRA, A.; KULETA, Z.; ZBANYSZEK, M.; MILEWSKI, S. Acid-base balance parameters of arterial, venous and capillary blood in sheep. Bulletin of Veterinary Institute Pulawy, v. 49, p. 125-127, 2005. SPEIRS, V. C. Arteriovenous and arteriocentral venous relationships for pH, pCO2 and actual bicarbonate in equine blood samples. American Journal of Veterinary Research, v. 41, p. 199-203, 1980. STEVENSON, R.W.; MITCHELL, D.R.; HENDRICK, G.K.; RAINEY, R.; CHERRINGTON, A.D.; FRIZZELL, R.T. Lactate as substrate for glycogen resynthesis after exercise. Journal of Applied Physiology, v. 62, n. 6, p. 2237-2240, 1987. STEWART, P. A. Modern quantitative acid-base chemistry. Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology, v. 61, p. 1444-1461, 1983. TAYLOR, L. E.; FERRANTE, P. L.; KRONFELD, D. S.; MEACHAM, T. N. Acid-base variables during incremental exercise in sprint-trained horses fed a high-fat diet, Journal of Animal Science, v. 73, n. 7, p. 2009-2018, 1995. TEIXEIRA-NETO, A. R.; FERRAZ, G. C.; MOSCARDINI, A. R. C.; BALSAMÃO, G. M.; SOUZA, J. C. F.; QUEIROZ-NETO, A. Alterations in muscular enzymes of horses competing long-distance endurance rides under tropical climate. Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, v.60, n.3, p.543-549, 2008. TERRENCE, G.; FREY MANNELLA, C. A. The internal structure of mitochondria. Trends in Biochemical Sciences, v. 25, p.319-324, 2000. TERZY, R. G. G. Transporte de oxigênio. In_____Equilíbrio Ácido-Básico e Transporte de Oxigênio. São Paulo: Editora Manole LTDA., 1992. cap.5, p.142-179. THOMAS, D.P.; FREGIN, F.; GERBER, N. H.; AILES, N. B. Cardiorespiratory adjustments to tethered-swimming in the horse. Pflügers Archiv European Journal of Physiology, v. 385, n. 1, p. 65-70, 1980. TRIGO, P.; CASTEJON, F.; RIBER, C.; MUÑOZ, A. Use of biochemical parameters to predict metabolic elimination in endurance rides, Equine Veterinary Journal Suppl. v. 38, p. 142-146, 2010. TRILK, J. L.; LINDNER, A. J.; GREENE, H. M., ALBERGHINA, D., WICKLER, S. J. A lactate-guided conditioning programme to improve endurance performance. Equine Veterinary Journal, v. 34, p. 122-125, 2002. TURCOTTE, L. P. Mitochondria: biogenesis, structure, and function-symposium introduction. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, v.35, n.1, p.82-85, 2003. TURRENS, J.F. Superoxide production by the mitochondrial respiratory chain. Bioscience Reports, v. 17, p. 3-8, 1997. VÄIHKÖNEN, L.K.; PÖSÖ, A.R. Interindividual variation in total and carrier mediated lactate influx into red blood cells. American Journal of Physiology, v. 274, n. 4, p. 1025-1030, 1998. VAN BEAUMONT, W., STRAND, J.C., PETROFSKY, J.S., HIPSKIND, S.G., GREENLEAF, J.E. Changes in total plasma content of electrolytes and proteins with maximal exercise. Journal Applied Physiology, v. 34, p. 102-106, 1973. 65 VAN LOON, L.J.; GREENHAFF, P.L.; CONSTANTIN-TEODOSIU, D.; SARIS, W.H.; WAGENMAKERS, A.J. The effects of increasing exercise intensity on muscle fuel utilisation in humans. Journal of Physiology, v.536, p.295-304, 2001. VOLFINGER, L.; LASSOURD, V.; MICHAUX, J.M.; BRAUN, J.P.; TOUTAIN, P.L. Kinetic evaluation of muscle damage during exercise by calculation of amount of creatine kinase released. American Journal Physiology, v. 266, n. 2, p. 434-441, 1994. VOSS, B.; MOHR, E.; KRZYWANEK, H. Effects of aqua-treadmill exercise on selected blood parameters and on heart-rate variability of horses. Journal of Veterinary Medicine: series A, v. 49, n. 3, p. 137-143, 2002. VOTION, D.M.; GNAIGER, E.; LEMIEUX, H., MOUITHYS-MICKALAD, A.; SERTE,N. D. Physical fitness and mitochondrial respiratory capacity in horse skeletal Muscle. PLoS ONE, v. 7, n. 4 p 1-12, 2012. VOTION, D.M.; FRAIPONT, A.; GOACHET, A.G.; ROBERT, C.; VAN ERCK, E.; AMORY, H.; CEUSTERS, J.; DE LA REBIÈRE DE POUYADE, G.; FRANCK, T.; MOUITHYS-MICKALAD, A.; NIESTEN, A.; SERTEYN, D. Alterations in mitochondrial respiratory function in response to endurance training and endurance racing. Equine Veterinary Journal, v. 42, n.38, p. 268–274, 2010. VOTION, D.V.; NAVET, R.; LACOMBE, V.A.; SLUE, F.; ESÉN-GUSTAVSSON, B.; HINCHCLIFF, K.W.; RIVERO, J.L.L.; SERTEYN, D.; VALBERG, S. Muscle energetic in exercising horses. Equine and Comparative Exercise Physiology, v.4, p.105-118, 2007. WAGNER, P. D.; ERICKSON, B. K.; KUBO, K.; HIRAGA, A.; KAI, M.; YAMAYA, Y.; RICHARDSON, R.; SEAMAN, J. Maximum oxygen transportation and utilization before and after splenectomy. Equine Veterinary Journal, v. 18, p. 82-89, 1995. WAGNER, P. D.; GILLESPIE, J. R.; LANDSGRENN, G. L.; FEDDE, M. R.; JONES, B. W.; DeBOWES, M.; PIESCHL, R. L.; ERICKSON, H. H. Mechanism of exercise-induced hypoxemia in horses. Journal of Applied Physiology, v. 66, p. 1227-1233, 1989. WAHREN, J.P.; FELIG, P.; HENDLER, R.; AHLBORG, G. Glucose and amino acid metabolism during recovery after exercise. Journal of Applied Physiology, v. 34, p. 838-845, 1973. WALLACE, K. B.; EELLS, J. T.; MADEIRA, V. M.; CORTOPASSI, G.; JONES, D. P. Mitochondria-mediated cell injury. Symposium overview. Fundamental and Applied Toxicology, v. 38, n.1, p. 23-37, 1997. WATANABE, M. J.; THOMASSIAN, A.; TEIXEIRA-NETO, F. J.; ALVES, A. L. G; HUSSNI, C. A.; NICOLETTI, J. L. M. Alterações do pH, da PO2 e da PCO2 arteriais e da concentração de lactato sangüíneo de cavalos da raça árabe durante exercício em esteira de alta velocidade. Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Belo Horizonte, v. 58, p. 320-326, 2006. WEIBEL, E.R.; HOPPERLER, H. Review Exercise-induced maximal metabolic rate scales with muscle aerobic capacity. The Journal of Experimental Biology, v.208, p. 1635-1644, 2005. WILKINS, P. A.; GLEED, R. D.; KRIVITSKI, N. M.; DOBSON, A. Extravascular lung water in the exercising horse. Journal of Applied Physiology, v. 91, p.2442-2450, 2001. 66 WILLIAMSON, H. Normal and abnormal electrolyte levels in the racing horse and their effect on performance. Journal of the South African Veterinary Association, v. 45, n. 4, p. 335-340, 1974. YAMANO S.; ETO D.; SUGIURA T. Effect of growth and training on muscle adaptation in Thoroughbred horses. American Journal of Veterinary Research. v. 63, p. 1408-1412, 2002. ZOLL, J. Preserved response of mitochondrial function to short-term endurance training in skeletal muscle of heart transplant recipients. Journal of the American College of Cardiology. v. 42, n. 1, 2003.por
dc.subject.cnpqZootecniapor
dc.thumbnail.urlhttps://tede.ufrrj.br/retrieve/13951/2014%20-%20Ana%20Cl%c3%a1udia%20Tavares%20Miranda.pdf.jpg*
dc.thumbnail.urlhttps://tede.ufrrj.br/retrieve/15910/2014%20-%20Ana%20Cl%c3%a1udia%20Tavares%20Miranda.pdf.jpg*
dc.thumbnail.urlhttps://tede.ufrrj.br/retrieve/22216/2014%20-%20Ana%20Cl%c3%a1udia%20Tavares%20Miranda.pdf.jpg*
dc.thumbnail.urlhttps://tede.ufrrj.br/retrieve/28596/2014%20-%20Ana%20Cl%c3%a1udia%20Tavares%20Miranda.pdf.jpg*
dc.thumbnail.urlhttps://tede.ufrrj.br/retrieve/35164/2014%20-%20Ana%20Cl%c3%a1udia%20Tavares%20Miranda.pdf.jpg*
dc.thumbnail.urlhttps://tede.ufrrj.br/retrieve/41486/2014%20-%20Ana%20Cl%c3%a1udia%20Tavares%20Miranda.pdf.jpg*
dc.thumbnail.urlhttps://tede.ufrrj.br/retrieve/47938/2014%20-%20Ana%20Cl%c3%a1udia%20Tavares%20Miranda.pdf.jpg*
dc.thumbnail.urlhttps://tede.ufrrj.br/retrieve/54288/2014%20-%20Ana%20Cl%c3%a1udia%20Tavares%20Miranda.pdf.jpg*
dc.originais.urihttps://tede.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/jspui/2814
dc.originais.provenanceSubmitted by Celso Magalhaes (celsomagalhaes@ufrrj.br) on 2019-08-12T17:23:44Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2014 - Ana Cláudia Tavares Miranda.pdf: 2093398 bytes, checksum: 3b18f0581b35fa8a7a1a303165cd88fb (MD5)eng
dc.originais.provenanceMade available in DSpace on 2019-08-12T17:23:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2014 - Ana Cláudia Tavares Miranda.pdf: 2093398 bytes, checksum: 3b18f0581b35fa8a7a1a303165cd88fb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-02-17eng
Appears in Collections:Mestrado em Zootecnia

Se for cadastrado no RIMA, poderá receber informações por email.
Se ainda não tem uma conta, cadastre-se aqui!

Files in This Item:
File Description SizeFormat 
2014 - Ana Cláudia Tavares Miranda.pdf2.04 MBAdobe PDFThumbnail
View/Open


Items in DSpace are protected by copyright, with all rights reserved, unless otherwise indicated.