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dc.contributor.authorRamalho, Israel Oliveira-
dc.date.accessioned2024-10-09T14:06:17Z-
dc.date.available2024-10-09T14:06:17Z-
dc.date.issued2023-01-31-
dc.identifier.citationRAMALHO, Israel Oliveira. Emissões de N2O do solo sob pastagens de braquiária manejadas com adubação nitrogenada ou consorciadas com leguminosas forrageiras. 2023. 96 f. Tese (Doutorado em Agronomia) - Instituto de Agronomia, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, 2023.pt_BR
dc.identifier.urihttps://rima.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/20.500.14407/18600-
dc.description.abstractDos gases de efeito estufa (GEE) de maior importância na pecuária, o óxido nitroso (N2O) é um gás com maior potencial de aquecimento global em relação ao dióxido de carbono (CO2). Em pastagens sua emissão ocorre principalmente devido a deposição no solo de excretas com alta concentração de N em condições de anaerobiose. Há uma grande incerteza a respeito dos fatores de emissão (FEN2O) de emissão direta e indireta para excretas bovinas em regiões tropicais. Nesse sentido, o objetivo desse trabalho foi - Capítulo I: realizar uma revisão sistemática para compilar valores de FEN2O de excretas de animais no Brasil e analisar o FEN2O de excretas pela razão de FEurina:FEfezes; no Capítulo II: avaliar o sistema produtivo de pastos consorciados de Urochloa brizantha cultivar Marandu com Macrotyloma axillare (Consórcio) ou de Marandu em monocultura sem adubação (Controle) ou com adubação de 138 kg N.ha- 1 .ano-1 (N-fert), sob lotação contínua; Capítulo III: mensurar emissões N2O, volatilização de amônia (NH3) de fezes e urina e realizar um balanço de massa do N da urina por meio da técnica de marcação com 15N. No Capítulo I, os resultados da tentativa de estimar médias do FE para o Brasil foram satisfatórias e os valores foram semelhantes ao FE para clima úmido proposto pelo Painel Intergovernamental sobre Mudanças Climáticas (IPCC). A abordagem estatística metanalítica se mostrou sensível para encontrar respostas entre os FE da urina em relação as fezes em fatores edáficos, grupo e dieta dos animais e duração do experimento. Corrobora também com a necessidade de desagregação entre fezes e urina, além de poder auxiliar na desagregação dos FE em demais condições ambientais. No Capítulo II, em comparação com o pasto de capim fertilizado (N-fert) e Controle, o Consórcio obteve uma dieta de maior conteúdo de proteína e maior digestibilidade, com uma maior ingestão de nitrogênio (N) pelos animais, sem aumentar a excreção N, perdas de N ou emissão de N2O. Os animais do tratamento Consórcio mantiveram o mesmo ganho de peso que do tratamento N-fert e Controle. Portanto, o uso de M. axillare tem potencial de ser uma ferramenta para mitigação de GEE em sistema de pastagem tropical. As chuvas mostram forte influência na qualidade do pasto e no desempenho animal. Entretanto, não se verificou diferença para os tipos de pastagem na qualidade do pasto e no desempenho animal. O clima também influenciou nos achados do Capítulo III. O clima afetou o destino do N após deposição da excreta no solo. O período das Águas foi mais susceptível a perda de N por lixiviação. Independentemente da época do ano, o solo é o maior destino do N da urina. Os FE’s foram muito inferiores as médias compiladas pelo IPCC. O particionamento entre excreção de N-urina:N-fezes, também foi abaixo do estabelecido pelo IPCC (0,66:0,34). É recomendado, portanto, que mais estudos devam ser realizados para desagregação dos FEN2O de excretas bovinas e o particionamento do N excretado por qualidade do pasto em clima tropicais.pt_BR
dc.description.sponsorshipCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPESpt_BR
dc.languageporpt_BR
dc.publisherUniversidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiropt_BR
dc.subjectFator de emissãopt_BR
dc.subjectMetanálisept_BR
dc.subjectMacrotyloma axillarept_BR
dc.subjectEmission factorpt_BR
dc.subjectMeta-analysispt_BR
dc.subjectMacrotyloma axillarept_BR
dc.titleEmissões de N2O do solo sob pastagens de braquiária manejadas com adubação nitrogenada ou consorciadas com leguminosas forrageiraspt_BR
dc.title.alternativeSoil N2O emissions under brachiaria pastures managed with nitrogen fertilization or mixed with forage legumesen
dc.typeTesept_BR
dc.description.abstractOtherOf the greenhouse gases (GHG) of greatest importance in livestock, nitrous oxide (N2O) is one of the gases with the greatest potential for global warming compared to carbon dioxide (CO2). In pastures its emission occurs mainly due to the deposition of excreta with high N content on the soil under anaerobic conditions. There is great uncertainty regarding direct and indirect emission factors (EFN2O) for bovine excreta in tropical regions. For this reason, the objectives of this study were - Chapter I: to carry out a systematic review to compile EFN2O values of excreta from animals in Brazil and to analyze the EFN2O of excreta by the FEurine:FEfeces ratio; in Chapter II: to evaluate in mixed pastures of Urochloa brizantha cultivar Marandu with Macrotyloma axillare (Mixed) or of Marandu in monoculture without fertilization (Control) or with fertilization of 138 kg N.ha-1.year-1 (N- fert), under continuous stocking; Chapter III: measure N2O emissions, volatilization of ammonia (NH3) from feces and urine and perform a mass balance of urine N using the 15N labeling technique. In Chapter I, the results of the attempt to estimate mean values of EFN2O for Brazil were satisfactory and the values were similar to the EF for humid climate proposed by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). The meta-analytical statistical approach proved to be sensitive for finding responses between the EFs of urine and feces in relation to edaphic factors, group and diet of the animals and duration of the experiment. The results of these analyses emphasised the need for disaggregation between feces and urine, in addition were able to assist in the disaggregation of EF in other environmental conditions. In Chapther II, in comparison with the fertilized (N-fert) and Control grass pasture, the Mixed obtained a diet with a higher protein content and greater digestibility, with a higher nitrogen (N) intake by the animals, without increasing N excretion or direct emission or indirect N2O. The animals in the Mixed treatment maintained the same weight gain as in the N-fert and Control treatment. Therefore, the use of M. axillare can be a tool for GHG mitigation in a tropical pasture system. Rainfall showed a strong influence on pasture quality and animal performance. However, there was no difference between pasture types in pasture quality and animal performance. The climate also influenced the findings in Chapter III. Climate affected the fate of N after deposition of excreta in the soil. The Rainy period was more susceptible to N loss by leaching. Regardless of the time of year, soil is the major destination of urine N. The EF were much lower than the averages compiled by the IPCC. The partitioning between excretion of N-urine:N-feces was also below the value established by IPCC (0,66:0,34). It is recommended, therefore, that further studies should be carried out to disaggregate EFN2O from bovine excreta and the partitioning of N excreted by pasture quality in tropical climates.en
dc.contributor.advisor1Boddey, Robert Michael-
dc.contributor.advisor1IDhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-3648-9859pt_BR
dc.contributor.advisor1Latteshttp://lattes.cnpq.br/0277415539607307pt_BR
dc.contributor.advisor-co1Homem, Bruno Grossi Costa-
dc.contributor.advisor-co1IDhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-7787-0133pt_BR
dc.contributor.advisor-co1Latteshttp://lattes.cnpq.br/9650261952145344pt_BR
dc.contributor.advisor-co2Macedo, Robert de Oliveira-
dc.contributor.advisor-co2Latteshttp://lattes.cnpq.br/0218947010263209pt_BR
dc.contributor.referee1Schultz, Nivaldo-
dc.contributor.referee1IDhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-3685-680Xpt_BR
dc.contributor.referee1Latteshttp://lattes.cnpq.br/6427351521723394pt_BR
dc.contributor.referee2Rezende, Cláudia de Paula-
dc.contributor.referee2IDhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-8350-7787pt_BR
dc.contributor.referee2Latteshttp://lattes.cnpq.br/8487115927916981pt_BR
dc.contributor.referee3Casagrande, Daniel Rume-
dc.contributor.referee3IDhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-0732-6196pt_BR
dc.contributor.referee3Latteshttp://lattes.cnpq.br/3116215045206060pt_BR
dc.contributor.referee4Boddey, Robert Michael-
dc.contributor.referee4IDhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-3648-9859pt_BR
dc.contributor.referee4Latteshttp://lattes.cnpq.br/0277415539607307pt_BR
dc.contributor.referee5Araújo, Adelson Paulo de-
dc.contributor.referee5IDhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-4106-6175pt_BR
dc.contributor.referee5Latteshttp://lattes.cnpq.br/5394022232015318pt_BR
dc.creator.Latteshttp://lattes.cnpq.br/2994569158207067pt_BR
dc.publisher.countryBrasilpt_BR
dc.publisher.departmentInstituto de Agronomiapt_BR
dc.publisher.initialsUFRRJpt_BR
dc.publisher.programPrograma de Pós-Graduação em Agronomia - Ciência do Solopt_BR
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