Use este identificador para citar ou linkar para este item: http://rima.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/20.500.14407/26438
Registro completo de metadados
Campo DCValorIdioma
dc.contributor.authorCunha, Tony Jarbas Ferreira-
dc.date.accessioned2026-09-28T13:04:58Z-
dc.date.available2026-09-28T13:04:58Z-
dc.date.issued2005-04-04-
dc.identifier.citationCUNHA, Tony Jarbas Ferreira. Ácidos húmicos de solos escuros da Amazônia (Terra Preta de Índio). 2005. 138 f. Tese (Doutorado em Agronomia, Ciência do Solo) - Instituto de Agronomia, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, 2005.pt_BR
dc.identifier.urihttp://rima.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/20.500.14407/26438-
dc.description.abstractÁcidos húmicos de solos escuros da Amazônia brasileira (Terra Preta do Índio) foram caracterizados usando-se espectroscopias de UV-Vis, DRIFT, Fluorescência de excitação e emissão, EPR, e RMN, analises termogravimétricas, composição elementar, e medidas de acidez (total, carboxílica e fenólica). A fração ácidos húmicos (AH) foi extraída usando-se o método da Sociedade Internacional de Substâncias Húmicas (IHSS). Os AH foram separados em três grupos conforme o uso da terra. Solos antropogênicos sob floresta (SAF), solos antropogênicos sob cultivo (SAC) e solos não antropogênicos sob floresta (SNAF). Os solos do grupo SNAF são representativos dos Latossolos amazônicos e foram coletados em áreas adjacentes aos solos antropogênicos, sendo este o grupo referência para comparação como os grupos SAF e SAC. Teste de comparação de media (teste t), e análises estatísticas multivariadas (análise fatorial, análise de agrupamento e análise discriminante) foram aplicadas no estudo. Os solos dos grupos SAF e SAC mostraram melhores características de fertilidade que os solos não antropogênicos (SNAF) (pH: SAF = 5,1, SAC = 5,4, SNAF = 4,4; saturação por bases [V%]: SAF =59, SAC = 51, SNAF = 18; capacidade de troca cátions [CTC]: SAF = 17,5, SAC = 17,2, SNAF = 9,5 cmolc kg-1 ; P assimilável: SAF = 116, SAC = 291, SNAF = 5 mg kg-1 ). No grupo SAF e SAC ~ 44% do carbono total foi encontrado na fração humina, ~32% na fração ácidos húmicos e ~13% na fração ácidos fúlvicos. Estes valores para o grupo SNAF foram 49, 19 e 16%, respectivamente. A mais relevante característica dos AH dos solos antropogênicos, comparado aos solos não antropogênicos foram sua superior reatividade, estabilidade, e grau de humificação. Os AH dos grupos SAF e SAC foram caracterizados por alta acidez total (SAF = 612, SAC = 712, SNAF = 575 cmol kg-1 ) e acidez carboxílica (SAF = 435, SAC = 454, SNAF = 320 cmol kg-1 ), altas concentrações de radicais livres orgânicos (SAF = 4,07, SAC = 6,59, SNAF = 2,11 spin g-1 1017), alto índice termogravimétrico (ITG) (SAF = 3,0, SAC = 3,3, SNAF = 2,3), baixa razão E4/E6 (SAF = 4,2, SAC = 4,2, SNAF = 6,0), alto índice de aromaticidade (IADRIFT: SAF = 0,87, SAC = 0,85, SNAF = 0,77; NMR(%): SAF = 36, SAC = 39, SNAF = 25), alto índice de hidrofobicidade (SAF = 0,37, SAC = 0,48, SNAF = 0,35), alto grau de humificação (A4/A1: SAF = 2.574, SAC = 3.313, SNAF = 1.713; I485/I400: SAF = 2.004, SAC = 2.161, SNAF = 1.510), e foram mais recalcitrantes (C recalcitrante/C lábil: SAF = 2,0, SAC = 2,0, SNAF = 1,0) que os AH do grupo SNAF. Os dados também mostraram diferenças entre os AH dos grupos SAF e SAC.pt_BR
dc.languageporpt_BR
dc.publisherUniversidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiropt_BR
dc.subjectEspectroscopiapt_BR
dc.subjectreatividadept_BR
dc.subjectestabilidadept_BR
dc.subjectfertilidadept_BR
dc.subjectcarbono pirogênicopt_BR
dc.subjectSpectroscopypt_BR
dc.subjectreactivitypt_BR
dc.subjectstabilitypt_BR
dc.subjectfertilitypt_BR
dc.subjectblack carbonpt_BR
dc.titleÁcidos húmicos de solos escuros da Amazônia (Terra preta de índio)pt_BR
dc.title.alternativeHumic acids of the Amazonian dark earth soils: Terra Preta de Índioen
dc.typeDissertaçãopt_BR
dc.description.abstractOtherThe HA of some Amazonian dark earth soils (Terra Preta de Índio) from Brazilian territory were characterized using ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis), Fourier transform diffuse reflectance infrared (DRIFT), fluorescence excitation and emission, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, elemental composition, and measurement of acidity (total, carboxylic, phenolic). The HA fraction was extracted using the method recommended by the International Humic Substances Society (IHSS). The HA samples were separated in 3 groups based on the corresponding land use of the area of its origin: anthropogenic soils under forest (SAF), anthropogenic soils under agricultural use (SAC), non-anthropogenic soils under forest (SNAF). The SNAF soils were representative of Amazonian soils. They were collected to adjacent areas to the anthropogenic soil profiles. This way the SNAF group was a reference group for comparison purposes to the anthropogenic soil groups (SAF and SAC). Comparative (test t) and multivariate statistical analyses (factor analysis, cluster analysis, and discriminant analysis) were applied in the study. The anthropogenic soil groups (SAF and SAC) showed better fertility characteristics than the non-anthropogenic soils (SNAF) (pH: SAF = 5.1, SAC = 5.4, SNAF = 4.4; base saturation [V%]: SAF =59, SAC = 51, SNAF = 18; calculated cation exchange capacity [CEC]: SAF = 17.5, SAC = 17.2, SNAF = 9.5 cmolc kg-1 ; available P: SAF = 116, SAC = 291, SNAF = 5 mg kg-1 ). In the SAF and SAC soil groups ~44% of the total carbon was found in the humin fraction, ~32% in the humic acid fraction, and ~13% in the fulvic acid fraction. These values for the SNAF soils were 49, 19, 16%, respectively. The most relevant characteristics of the HA of anthropogenic soils, compared to the non-anthropogenic ones were their superior reactivity, stability, and humification degree. The HA of the SAF and SAC groups featured higher total acidity (SAF = 612, SAC = 712, SNAF = 575 cmol kg-1 ) and carboxylic acidity (SAF = 435, SAC = 454, SNAF = 320 cmol kg-1 ), higher concentration of organic free radicals (SAF = 4.07, SAC = 6.59, SNAF = 2.11 spin g -1 1017), higher thermogravimetric index (ITG) (SAF = 3.0, SAC = 3.3, SNAF = 2.3), lower E4/E6 ratio (SAF = 4.2, SAC = 4.2, SNAF = 6.0), higher aromaticity index (IADRIFT: SAF = 0.87, SAC = 0.85, SNAF = 0.77; NMR(%): SAF = 36, SAC = 39, SNAF = 25), higher hidrophobicity index (SAF = 0.37, SAC = 0.48, SNAF = 0.35), higher humification degree (A4/A1: SAF = 2.574, SAC = 3.313, SNAF = 1.713; I485/I400: SAF = 2.004, SAC = 2.161, SNAF = 1.510), and were more recalcitrant (recalcitrant C/labile C: SAF = 2.0, SAC = 2.0, SNAF = 1.0) than the HA of the SNAF group. Data also showed that there was difference between the HA of the SAF and SAC soil groups.en
dc.contributor.advisor1Santos, Gabriel de Araujo-
dc.contributor.advisor1Latteshttp://lattes.cnpq.br/8363784238484680pt_BR
dc.contributor.advisor-co1Madari, Beata Emoke-
dc.contributor.advisor-co1IDhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-6242-6619pt_BR
dc.contributor.advisor-co1Latteshttp://lattes.cnpq.br/0302689027695014pt_BR
dc.contributor.advisor-co2Martin Neto, Ladislau-
dc.contributor.advisor-co2Latteshttp://lattes.cnpq.br/5248622466343519pt_BR
dc.contributor.referee1Martin Neto, Ladislau-
dc.contributor.referee1Latteshttp://lattes.cnpq.br/5248622466343519pt_BR
dc.contributor.referee2Rezende, Maria Olimpia de Oliveira-
dc.contributor.referee2Latteshttp://lattes.cnpq.br/6164624893473124pt_BR
dc.contributor.referee3Ribeiro, Lucedino Paixão-
dc.contributor.referee3Latteshttp://lattes.cnpq.br/3343143694608732pt_BR
dc.contributor.referee4Canellas, Luciano Pasqualoto-
dc.contributor.referee4IDhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-9790-6834pt_BR
dc.contributor.referee4Latteshttp://lattes.cnpq.br/3241415945486691pt_BR
dc.creator.Latteshttp://lattes.cnpq.br/4906217153123309pt_BR
dc.publisher.countryBrasilpt_BR
dc.publisher.departmentInstituto de Agronomiapt_BR
dc.publisher.initialsUFRRJpt_BR
dc.publisher.programPrograma de Pós-Graduação em Agronomia - Ciência do Solopt_BR
dc.relation.referencesAIKEN, G. R. et al. An introduction to humic substances in soil, sediment, and water. In: AIKEN, G.R. et al. (Ed.). Humic substances in soil, sediment, and water. New York: Wiley, 1985. p. 1-9. ALEMANY, L. B. et al. Cross polarization and magic angle spinning NMR spectra of model organic compounds. I. Highly protonated molecules. Journal of American Chemical Society, Washington, D.C., v.105, p. 2133-2141, 1983. ALIANELLO, F. et al. Identification of primary substrates in organo-mineral fertilizers by means of isoelectric focusing. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, New York, v. 30, p. 2169-2181, 1999. ALMENDROS, G. et al. Solid state NMR studies of fire-induced changes in the structure of humic substances. The Science of the Total Environment, Amsterdam, v. 117/118, p. 63- 74, 1992. AMELUNG, W.; FLACH, K. W.; ZECH, W. Climatic effects on soil organic matter composition in the Great plains. Soil Science Society of America Journal, Madison, v. 61, p. 115-123, 1997. ANDREUX, F.; CERRI, C.C.; EDUARDO, B. de P. & CHONE, T. Húmus content and transformations in natural and cultivated soils. The Science of the Total Environment, Amsterdam, v. 90, p. 249-265, 1990. BAES, A. U.; BLOOM, P. R. Diffuse reflectance and transmission Fourier transformation infrared (DRIFT) spectroscopy of humic and fulvic acids. Soil Science Society of America Journal, Madison, v. 53, p. 695-700, 1989. BALDOCK, J. A. et al. Assessing the extent of decomposition of natural organic materials using solid-state 13C NMR spectroscopy. Australian Journal of Soil Research, Collingwood, v. 35, p.1061-1083, 1997. BALDOCK, J. A.; PRESTON, C. M. Chemistry of carbon decomposition processes in forests as revealed by solid state carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance. In: McFEE, W.W.; KELLY, J. M. (Ed.). Carbon forms and functions in forest soils. Madison: Soil Science Society of America, 1995. p. 89-117. BARANCÍKOVÁ, G.; SENESI, N.; BRUNETTI, G. Chemical and spectroscopic characterization of humic acids isolated from different Slovak soil types. Geoderma, Amsterdam, v.78, p. 251-266, 1997. 101 BAYER, C. et al. Stocks and humification degree of organic matter fractions as affected by no-tillage on a subtropical soil. Plant and Soil, Dordrecht, v. 238, p.133-140, 2002. BAYER, C. et al. Effect of no-till cropping systems on soil organic matter in a sandy clay loam Acrisol from Southern Brazil monitored by electron spin resonance and nuclear magnetic resonance. Soil & Tillage Research, Amsterdam, v.53, p.95-104, 2000. BENITES, V. de M. Caracterização de solos e de substâncias húmicas em áreas de vegetação rupestre de altitude . 2002. 71 f. Tese (Doutorado) - Programa de Pós - Graduação em Solos e Nutrição de Plantas da Universidade Federal de Viçosa. BENITES, V. de M. Caracterização química e espectroscópica da matéria orgânica e suas relações com a gênese de solos da Serra do Brigadeiro, Zona da Mata Mineira. 1998. 123 f. Dissertação (Mestrado) - Programa de Pós - Graduação em Solos e Nutrição de Plantas da Universidade Federal de Viçosa. BENITES, V.M.; MADARI, B.; MACHADO, P. L. O. de A. Extração e fracionamento quantitativo de substâncias húmicas do solo: um procedimento simplificado de baixo custo. Rio de Janeiro: Embrapa Solos, 2003. 7 p. (Embrapa Solos. Comunicado Técnico, 16). BLOOM, P. R.; LEENHEER, J. A. Vibrational, electronic, and high-energy spectroscopic methods on characterizing humic substances. In: HAYES, M. H. B. et al. (Ed.). Humic substances II. In search for the structure. Chichester: John Wiley, 1989. p. 409-446. BORGES, A.L. Alteração das propriedades de um Latossolo Amarelo de Cruz da Alma, Bahia, pelo cultivo com frutíferas perenes e mandioca. 1993. 161 f. Tese (Doutorado) - Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz, Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba. BOYER, J. Fatores da pedogênese e classificação francesa dos solos. 1971. 210 f. Curso de Pós - Graduação em Geociências, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador. BRAVARD, S.; RIGHI, D. Characterization of fulvic and humic acids from na Oxisol- Spodosol toposequence of Amazonia, Brazil. Geoderma, Amsterdam, v. 48, p.151-162, 1991. CAMARGO, F. C. de. Estudos de alguns perfis de solo coletados em diversas regiões da Hiléia. Belém: IAN, 1941. 59 p. CAMERON, R. S. et al. Molecular weight and shape of humic acid from sedimentation and diffusion measurements on fractionated extracts. The Journal of Soil Science, Oxford, v. 23, p. 394-408, 1972. CAMPANELLA, L; TOMASSETTI, M. Thermogravicetric and IR analysis of different extracts of humic substances. Thermochimica Acta, Amsterdam, v. 170, p. 67-80, 1990. 102 CANELLAS, L. P. Avaliação de características físico-químicas de ácidos húmicos. 1999. 164 f. Tese (Doutorado) - Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica. CANELLAS, L. P. et al. Avaliação de características de ácidos húmicos de resíduos de origem urbana: I. Métodos espectroscópicos (UV-vis, IV, RMN 13C, C-PP/MAS) e microscopia eletrônica de varredura. Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo, Viçosa, v. 24, p. 741-750, 2000a. CANELLAS, L. P. et al. Propriedades químicas de um cambissolo cultivado com cana-de- açúcar, com preservação do palhiço e adição de vinhaça por longo tempo. Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo, Viçosa, v. 27, p. 935-944, 2003. CANELLAS, L. P. et al. Organic matter quality in a soil cultivated with perennial herbaceous legumes. Scientia Agrícola, Piracicaba, v. 61, n. 1, p.53-61, 2004. CANELLAS, L. P.; SANTOS, G. de A.; AMARAL SOBRINHO, N. M. B. Reações da matéria orgânica. In: SANTOS, G. A.; CAMARGO, F. A. O. (Ed.) Fundamentos da matéria orgânica do solo: ecossistemas tropicais e subtropicais. Porto Alegre: Genesis, 1999. p. 69-90. CANELLAS, L.P. et al. Frações da matéria orgânica em seis solos de uma toposseqüência no Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira, Brasília, DF, v. 35, p. 133-143, 2000. CAPRIEL, P. et al. Hydrophobicity of the organic matter in arable soil. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, Oxford, v. 27, p.1453-1458, 1995. CAPRIEL, P. Hydrophobicity of organic matter in arable soil: influence of management. European Journal of Soil Science, Oxford, v. 48, p. 457-462, 1997. CELI, L.; SCNITZER, M.; NÈGRE, M. Analysis of carboxyl groups in soil humic acids by a wet chemical method, Fourier-Transform infrared spectrophotometry, and solution-state carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance. A comparative study. Soil Science, Baltimore, v.162, p.189-197, 1997. CERETTA, C. A. et al. Métodos espectroscópicos. In: SANTOS, G. A.; CAMARGO, F. A. O. (Ed.) Fundamentos da matéria orgânica do solo: ecossistemas tropicais e subtropicais. Porto Alegre: Genesis, 1999. p. 69-90 CERETTA, C. A. Fracionamento de N orgânico, substâncias húmicas e caracterização de ácidos húmicos de solo em sistemas de cultura sob plantio direto. 1995. 127 f. Tese (Doutorado em Agronomia Ciência de Solos) - Programa de Pós-graduação em Agronomia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre. CHEN, J. et al. Spectroscopic characterization of the structural and functional properties of natural organic matter fractions. Chemosphere, 48: 59-68, 2002. 103 CHEN, Y., SENESI, N., SCHNITZER, M. Information provided on humic substances by E4/E6 rations. Soil Science Society of America Journal, Madison, v. 41, p.352-358. 1977. CHEN, Z.; PAWLUK, S. Structural variations of humic acids in two sola of Alberta Mollisols. Geoderma, Amsterdam, v. 65, p.173-193, 1995. CHIDUMAYO, E.N. Effects of wood carbonization on soil and initial development of seedling in Miombo Woodland, Zambia. Forest Ecology and Management, Amsterdam, v. 70, p.353-357, 1994. CIAVATTA, C. et al. Determination of organic carbon in soil and fertilizer. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, New York, v. 20, p. 759-773, 1989. COSTA, V.H. Caracterização ecológica do território brasileiro situado ao sul do paralelo 24o S. Uma abordagem climática. 1997, (Tese de Mestrado), Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 86p., 1997. CUNHA, T. J. F. et al. Caracterização e natureza do húmus de latossolos amarelos coesos de tabuleiro na região do Recôncavo Baiano. Magistra, Cruz das Almas, v.15, n.2, p. 147- 154, 2003. CUNHA, T. J. F. et al. Horizonte A antrópico em novas classes de solos na Amazônia Brasileira. In: CONGRESSO BRASILEIRO DE CIÊNCIA DO SOLO, 28., 2001, Londrina. Resumos... Londrina: Sociedade Brasileira de Ciência do Solo, 2001. p. 238. DABIN, B. Les matíeres organiques dans les sols tropicaux normalement drainés. Cahiers ORSTOM. Série Pédologie, v. 28, n3/4, p.197-215, 1981. DABIN, B. Matéria orgânica dos solos. Salvador: UFBA, 1982. 104 p. Mimeografado. DABIN, B. Méthode d`extraction et de fractionnement des matiéres humiqes du sol. Application à quelques etudes pédologiques et agronomiques dans les sols tropicaux. Cahiers ORSTOM. Série Pédologie, Paris, v. 14, n. 4, p. 279-287, 1976. DATTA, C.; GHOSH, K; MUKHERJEE, S. K. Fluorecence excitation spectra of different fractions of humus. Journal of the Indian Chemical Society, Calcutta, v. 48, n. 3, p. 279- 287, 1971. DELL`ABATE, M. T. et al. Humic substances along the profile of two Typic Haploxerert. Geoderma, Amsterdam, v. 107, p.281-296, 2002. DENEVAN, W. M. A bluff model of riverine settlement in prehistoric Amazonia. Annals of the Association of American Geographers, Washington, D.C., v. 86, p. 654-681, 1996. 104 DICK, D. P. et al. Caracterização de produtos de decomposição de lodos orgânicos em diferentes tempos e meios de digestão. Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo, Viçosa, v. 21, p.1-8, 1997. DICK, D. P. et al. Características estruturais e distribuição d matéria orgânica em diferentes classes de latossolos. In: ENCONTRO BRASILEIRO DE SUBSTÂNCIAS HÚMICAS, 4., 2001, Viçosa. Resumo de palestras e trabalhos apresentados... Viçosa: UFV - Departamento de Solos, 2001. p. 100-101. DICK, P. D. et al. Chemical characterization and infrared spectroscopy of soil organic matter from two Southern Brazilian soils. Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo, Viçosa, v. 27, p. 29-39, 2003. DORMAAR, J. F. Organic matter characteristics of undisturbed and cultivated chernozemic and solonetzic A horizons. Canadian Journal of Soil Science, Ottawa, v. 59, p. 349-356, 1979. DUCHAUFOU, Ph. Pédologie 1. Pédogenèse et clasification. Paris: Massa Editions, 1977. 477 p. DURANA, J. F.; MANTZ, A. W. Laboratory studies of reactive and trasient systems. In: Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (Vol 2); applications to chemical systems. Ed. FERRAO, J. R. & BASILE, L.J. New York: Academic Press, Inc., 1979. In: WHITE, J.L. & ROTH, C.B. Infrared spectrometry. In: Methods of soil analysis, Part I. Physical and mineralogical methods – Agronomy Monograph no 9 (2nd Edition), Madison: ASA, SSSA, 1986. P. 291-330. DZIADOWIEC, H. Properties of humic acids from forest litters of different humification degree. In: SENESI, N.; MIANO, T. M. (Ed). Humic substances in the global environment and implications of human health: proceedings of the 6 th International Meeting of the International Humic Substances Society, Monopoli (Bari), Italy, September 20-25, 1992. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1994. p. 573-578, 1992. EDEN, M.J. et al. Terra Preta Soils and their archaelogical context in the Caquetá Basin of Southeast Colombia. American Antiquity, Washington, D.C., v. 49, p.125-140, 1984. EMBRAPA. Centro Nacional de Pesquisa de Solos. Sistema brasileiro de classificação de solos. Brasília, DF: Embrapa - Serviço de Produção de Informação, 1999. 412 p. (EMBRAPA-CNPS. Documentos, 5). EMBRAPA. Centro Nacional de Pesquisa de Solos. Manual de métodos de análise de Solo. 2 ed. rev. atual. Rio de Janeiro, 1997. 212 p. (EMBRAPA-CNPS. Documentos, 1). FALCÃO, N. P. S. et al. The role of charcoal on nutrients bioavailability of an Amazonian dark earth soil and surrounding soil. In: INTERNATIONAL MEETING OF IHSS, 12., 2004, São Pedro, SP. Humic substances and soil water environment: proceedings... São Carlos: 105 Embrapa Instrumentação Agropecuária, 2004. p. 86. FALCÃO, N.P.S.; JOSEPHEUS EDUARDUS, P.K.; VAN ROY, A. Effects of charcoal and organic fertilizer on nutrients availability in a Central Amazon Oxisol. In: ENERGY & Agricultural Carbon Utilization. Sustainable Alternatives to Sequestration. Disponível em: < http://www.georgiaitp.org/carbon/abstracts/Session1A.pdf>. Acesso em: 22 out., 2003. FALESI, I. C. O estado atual dos conhecimentos sobre os solos da Amazônia Brasileira. In: INSTITUTO DE PESQUISA AGROPECUÁRIA DO NORTE. Zoneamento agrícola da Amazônia: 1. aproximação. Belém, 1972, p.17-67. (IPEAN. Boletim Técnico, 54). FALESI, I. C. Soils of the Brazilian Amazon. In: WAGLEY, C. (Ed.). Man in the Amazon. Gainesville: University of Florida Press, 1974. p. 201-229. FARIA, J. B. de. A cerâmica da Tribo Uaboí dos rios Trombetas e Jamundá: contribuição para o estudo da arqueologia pré-histórica do baixo Amazõnas. Rio de Janeiro: Ministério da Agricultura. 1946. (Brasil. Ministéiro da Agricultura. Publicação, 89). FIDENCIO, P. H. Avaliação potenciométrica de misturas de ácidos fracos através de calibração multivariada. (Tese de Mestrado), Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 1998. FLAIG, W. A. J. Comparative chemical investigations of natural humic compounds and their model substances. Proceedings of Royal Dublin Society, v.1, p.149, 1960. FLAIG, W. A. J.; BEUTELSPACHER, H. Investigations of humic acids with the analytical ultracentrifuge (SM-106/16). In: SYMPOSIUM ON THE USE OF ISOTOPES AND RADIATION IN SOIL ORGANIC-MATTER STUDIES, 1968, Vienna. Isotopes and radiation in soil organic-matter studies: proceedings... Vienna: International Atomic Energy Agency, 1968. p. 23-30. (IAEA. Proceedings Series). FRANCIOSO, O. et al. Quantitative estimation of peat, brown coal and lignite humic acids using chemical parameters, 1H-NMR and DTA analyses. Bioresource Technology, Essex, v. 88, p.189, 195, 2003. FRANCO, E. da C. As Terras Pretas do planalto de Santarém. Revista da Sociedade dos Agrônomos e Veterinários do Pará, Belém, v. 8, p.17-21, 1962. FREIXO, A. A; CANELLAS, L. P. & MACHADO, P. L. O. Propriedades espectrais da matéria orgânica leve-livre e leve intra-agregado de dois latossolos sob plantio direto e preparo convencional. R. Brás. Ci. Solo, 26:445-453, 2002. GALETI, H.V.A, et al. Analysis of concentration effects on laser-induced fluorescence of humic acids in solid samples. XII International Meeting of IHSS. Humic Substances and Soil and Water Environment. São Pedro-SP, 2004, 332-334p. 106 GEYER, W. et al. Investigation of soil humic substances from different environments using TG-FT-IR and multivariate analysis. Termochimica Acta, Amsterdam, v.361, p. 139-146, 2000. GHOSH, K.; SCHNITZER, M. Macromolecular structures of humic substances. Soil Science, Baltimore, v. 129, n.5, p.266-276, 1980. GHOSH, K.; SCHNITZER, M. UV and Visible absorption spectroscopic investigations in relation to macromolecular characteristics of humic substances. The Journal of Soil Science, Oxford, v. 30, p.735-745, 1979. GIOVANELA, M. Caracterização química e morfológica de substâncias húmicas de ambientes aquáticos. 2003. 140 f. Tese (Doutorado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis. GLASER, B. et al. Black carbon in density fractions of anthropogenic soils of the Brazilian Amazon region. Organic Geochemistry, Oxford, v. 31, p. 669-678, 2000. GLASER, B. et al. Black carbon in soils: the use of benzenecarboxylic acids as specific markers. Organic Geochemistry, Oxford, v. 29, p. 811-819, 1998. GLASER, B. et al. Burning residues as conditioner to sustainable improve fertility improve in highly weathered soils of the Brazilian Amazon region. In: BSSS CONFERENCE, 1999, Edinburgh. Proceedings ... . Edinburgh, 1999. 5 p. GLASER, B. et al. The “Terra Preta” phenomenon: a model for sustainable agriculture in the humic tropics. Naturwissenschaften, Berlin, v. 88, p. 37-41, 2001. GLASER, B., GUGGENBERGER, G.; ZECH, W. Organic chemistry studies on Amazonian Dark Earth. In: LEHMANN, J. et al. (Ed.). Amazonian Dark Earths: origin, properties, management. Amsterdam: Kluwer Academic Publisher, 2003. p. 227-241. GLASER, B.; LEHMANN, J.; ZECH, W. Ameliorating physical and chemical properties of highly weathered soil in the tropics with charcoal: a review. Biology and Fertility of Soils, Berlin, v. 35, p.219-230, 2002. GOLCHIN, A. et al. The effects of vegetation and burning on the chemical composition of soil organic matter of a volcanic ash soil as shown by 13C NMR spectroscopy. I. Whole soil and humic acid fraction. Geoderma, Amsterdam, v. 76, p.155-174, 1997. GOMES, J.B.V. Caracterização, gênese e uso de solos de três sítios de restinga sob diferentes coberturas vegetais no Estado do Rio de Janeiro. 1995. 158 f. Dissertação (Mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa. GOUROU, P. Observações geográficas na Amazônia. Revista Brasileira de Geografia, Rio de Janeiro, v.11, n.3, p.354-400, 1949. 107 GRIFFIN, J. J.; GOLDBERG, E. D. The fluxes of elemental carbon in coastal marine sediments. Limnology and Oceanography, New York, v. 20, p. 456-463, 1975. GUINTO, D.F., SAFFIGNA, P.G., XU, Z.H., HOUSE, A.P.N. PERERA, M.C.S., Soil nitrogen mineralization and organic matter composition reveled by 13C NMR spectroscopy under repeated prescribed turning in eucalypt forests of southeast Queensland. Australian Journal of Soil Research, Collingwood, v. 37, p. 123-135, 1999. HARTT, F. Contribuição para a etnologia do Vale do Amazonas. Arquivos do Museu Nacional do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, v. 6, p.10-14, 1885. HATAKEYAMA, T.; QUINN, F. X. Thermal analysis: fundamentals and applications to polymer science. Chichester: Wiley, 1999. 180 p. HATCHER, P.G.; SCHNITZER, M.; DENNIS, L.W. & MACIEL, G.E. Aromaticity of humic substances in soils. Soil Science Society of America Journal, Madison, v. 45, p.1089-1094, 1981. HAUMAIER, L.; ZECH, W. Black carbon: possible source of highly aromatic components of soil humic acids. Organic Geochemistry. Oxford, v. 23, p.191-196, 1995. HAWORTH, R. D. The chemical nature of humic acid. Soil Science, Baltimore, v. 111, n. 1, p.71-79, 1971. HAYES, M. H. B.; CLAPP, C. E. Humic substances: consideration of compositions, aspects of structure, and environmental influences. Soil Science, Baltimore, v. 166, p. 723-737, 2001. HERNANDEZ, T.; MORENO, J. I.; COSTA, F. Infrared spectroscopic characterization of sewage sludge humic acids. Evidence of sludge organic matter-metal interactions. Agrochimica, v. 37, p.12-17, 1993. HILBERT, P. A cerâmica arqueológica da região de Oriximiná. Belém: Instituto de Antropologia e Etnologia do Pará, 1955. 17 p. (Instituto de Antropologia e Etnologia do Pará. Publicação, 9). HILBERT, P. Archäologische Untersuchengen am mittleren Amazonas. Berlin: Verlag Dietrich Reimer, 1968. (Marburger Studien sur Völkerkunde, v.1). IBARRA, J. V.; JUAN, R. Structural changes humic acids during the coalification process. Fuel, London, v. 64, p. 99-126, 1985. IBARRA, J. V.; MOLINER, R; BONET, A J. Thermal alteration of coal humic acids simulating early coalification. In: SENESI, N.; MIANO, T,. M. (Ed.). Humic substances in the global environment and implications on human health: proceedings of the 6th 108 International Meeting of the International Humic Substances Society, Monopoli (Bari), Italy, September 20-25, 1992. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1994. p. 1325-1330. IOSELIS, P. et al. thermal characterization of natural and synthetic humic substances. Organic Geochemistry, Oxford, v. 8, p. 95-1001, 1985. ISHIWATARI, R. Geochemistry of humic substances in lake sediments. In: AIKEN, G. R. et al. (Ed.). Humic substances in soil, sediment, and water: geochemistry, isolation and characterization. New York: Wiley Interscience Publication, 1985. JACQUIN, F.; HAIDOUTI, C.; MULLER, J. C. Dynamique de la matiére organique en sols carbonates cultivés. Science du Sol, Versailles, n.1, p. 27-36, 1980. JERZYKIEWICZ, M.; DROZD, J.; JEZIERSKI, A. Organic radicals and paramagnetic metal complexes in municipal solid waste composts. An EPR and chemical study. Chemosphere, Oxford,v. 39, p. 253-268, 1999. JEZIERSKI, A. et al. EPR in the environmental control:copper complexes and free radicals in soil and municipal solid waste compost. Applied Magnetic Resonance, v.14, p. 275-282, 1998. JOHNSTON, C. T. et al. Characterization of humic substances using fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. In: SENESI, N.; MIANO, T,. M. (Ed.). Humic substances in the global environment and implications on human health: proceedings of the 6th International Meeting of the International Humic Substances Society, Monopoli (Bari), Italy, September 20-25, 1992. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1994. p. 145-152. JOHNSTON, C. T.; AOCHI, Y.O. Fourier transform infrared and ramam spectroscopy. In: SPARKS, D.L et al. (Ed.). Methods of soil analysis. Madison: ASA: SSSA, 1996. P. 269-321. (Soil Science Society of America. Book Series, 5). Part 3: Chemical Methods. KALBITZ, K.; GEYER, W.; GEYER, S. Spectroscopic properties of disolved humic substances: a reflection of land use history in a fen area. Biogeochemistry, Dordrecht, v. 47, p. 219-238, 1999. KÄMPF, N. et al. Classification of Amazonian Dark Earths in the Brazilian Amazon. In: LEHMANN, J.; KERN, D.C.; GLASER, B. & WOODS, W.I. (Eds), Amazonian Dark Earths: Origin, Properties, Management (pp. 77-102). The Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publisher, 2003. KERN, C. C. Geoquímica e pedogeoquimica de sítios arqueológicos com Terra Preta na Floresta Nacional de Caxiuanã (Portel-PA). 1996. 124 f. Tese (Doutorado) - Universidade Federal do Pará, Centro de Geociências, Belém. 109 KERN, D. C.; KÄMPF, N. Antigos assentamentos indígenas na formação de solos com terra preta arqueológica na região de Oriximiná - Pará. Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo, Viçosa, v. 13, p. 219-225, 1989. KETTERINGS, Q. M.; BIGHAM, J.M.; LAPERCHE, V. Changes in soil mineralogy and texture caused by slash-and-burn fires in Sumatra, Indonesia. Soil Science Society of America Journal, Madison, v. 64, p.1108-1117, 2000b. KIM, J. K.; HWANG, J.T.; KIM, H. Micropropagation by in vitro spore culture and potting medium in Platycerium bifurcatum. RDA J. Agr. Sci. Biotech., v. 38, p. 267-272, 1996. KNICKER, H. et al. Fire-induced transformation of C- and N- forms in different organic soil fractions from a Dystric Cambisol under a Mediterranean pine forest (Pinus pinaster). Soil biology & Biochemistry, 1-18; 2004. KNICKER, H., LU ̈DEMANN, H.D. N-15 and C-13 CPMAS and solution NMR studies of N-15 enriched plant material during 600 days of microbial degradation. Organic Geochemistry 23, 329–341, 1995. KÖGEL-KANABNER, I.; HATCHER, P.G.; ZECH, W. Chemical structural studies of forest soil humic acids: aromatic carbon fraction. Soil Science Society of America Journal. Madison, v. 55, p. 241-247, 1991. KÖGEL-KNABER, I.; ZECH, W.; HATCHER, P.G. Chemical composition of the organic matter in forest soil. II. The humus layer. Zeitschrift fur Pflanzenernahrung und Bodenkunde. Wainheim, v. 151, p.331-340, 1988. KÖGEL-KNABNER, L.; DE LEEUW, J. W.; HATCHER, P. G. Nature and distribution of alkyl carbon in forest soil profiles: implications for the origin and humification of aliphatic biomacromolecules. The Science of the Total Environment, Amsterdam, v. 117/118, p.175-185, 1992. KONONOVA, M. M. Materia organica del suelo: su naturaleza, propiedades y métodos de investigación. Barcelona: Oikos-tau, 1982. 364 p. KONONOVA, M. M. Soil organic matter, its nature, its role in soil formation and in soil fertility. Oxford: Pergamon Press, 1966. p.127-166. KORSHIN, G.; VIOLLEAU, D. Correlation between molecular weight and fluorescence emission in studies of NOM chlorination. In: INTERNATIONAL MEETING OF THE INTERNATIONAL HUMIC SUBSTANCES SOCIETY, 10., 2000, Toulouse. Proceedings... Toulouse: IHSS, 2000. p. 73-76 KUMADA, K. Carbonaceous materials as a possible source of soil humus. Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, Tokyo, v. 29, p. 383-386, 1983. 110 KUMADA, K. Chemistry of soil organic matter. Tokyo: Japan Scientific Societies Press, 1987. 241 p. KUMKE, M. U.; LÖHMANNSRÖBEN, H. G.; ROCH, TH. Fluorescence spectroscopy of polyaromatic compounds in environmental monitoring. Journal of Fluorescence, v. 5, p.139-153, 1995. KUWATSUKA, S.; TSUTSUKI, K.; KUMADA, K. Chemical studies on soil humic acids. I. Elementary composition of humic acids. Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, Tokyo, v. 24, p. 337-347, 1978. LEHMANN, J. et al. Nutrient availability and leaching in an archaeological Anthrosol and a Ferralsol of the Central Amazon basin: fertilizer, manure and charcoal amendments. Plant and Soil, Dordrecht, v. 249, p.343-357, 2003. LEMOS, R.C.; SANTOS, R.D. Manual de descrição e coleta de solo no campo. 3.ed. Campinas, Sociedade Brasileira de Ciência do Solo, 1996. 84p. LIMA, H. N. et al. Caracterização de ácidos húmicos extraídos de Terra Preta de Índio. In: ENCONTRO BRASILEIRO DE SUBSTÂNCIAS HUMICAS, 4., 2001, Viçosa. Resumo de palestras e trabalhos apresentados... Viçosa: UFV - Departamento de Solos, 2001. p.155-156. LIMA, H. N. Gênese, química e micromorfologia de solos da Amazônia Ocidental. 2001. 176 f. Tese (Doutorado) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa. LLOYD, J. B. F. Synchronized excitation of fluorescence emission spectra. Nature Physical Science, London, v.. 231, p. 64-65, 1971. LU, X. Q.; HANNA, J. V.; JOHNSON, W. D. Source indicators of humic substances: an elemental composition, solid state 13C-NMR and Py-GC/MS study. Applied Geochemistry, Oxford, v. 15, p.1019-1033, 2000. MacCALLISTER, D.L.; CHIEN, W.L. Organic carbon quality and forms as influenced by tillage and cropping sequence. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, New York, v. 31, p. 465-479, 2000. MacCARTHY, P. The principles of humic substances. Soil Science, Baltimore, v. 166, p. 738-751, 2001. MacCARTHY, P.E. & RICE, J.A. Spectroscopic methods (other than NMR) for determining functionality in humic substances. In: AIKEN et al.; (Ed). Humic substances in soil, sediment and water: Geochimistry, isolation and characterization. P.527-560. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1985, 692p. MADARI, B. E. The effect of tillage on the nature and properties of humic substances. Gödöllö: University of Agricultural Sciences, 1998. 164 p. (Ph.D. Dissertation). 111 MAHIEU, N.; POWLSON, D.S. & RANDALL, E.W. Statistical analysis of published carbon-13 NMR spectra of soil organic matter. Soil Science Society of America Journal, Madison, v. 63, p. 307-319, 1999. MALCOLM, R. L. Applications of solid-state 13C NMR spectroscopy to geochemical studies of humic susbstances. In: HAYES, M.H.B. et al. (Ed.). Humic substances II. In search of structure. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1989. p. 309-372. MALCOLM, R.L. 13C-NMR spectra and contact time experiment for Skjervatjern fulvic and humic acids. Environment International, New York, v. 18, p. 609-620, 1992. MALCOM, R.L. Variations between humic substances isolatec from soil, stream water, and groudwater as revealed by 13C NMR spectroscopy. In: MaCCARTHY, P. et al. (Ed.). Humic substances in soil and crop sciences: selected readings. Madison: SSSA, 1990. p.13-35. MANARINO, R. P.; VOLKOFF, B.; CERRI, C. C. Comparação do húmus de capoeira de floresta natural em latossolos amarelos da região Amazônica, Brasil. In: COLÓQUIO REGIONAL SOBRE MATÉRIA ORGÂNICA DO SOLO, 1982, Piracicaba. Anais... Piracicaba: CENA: PROMOCET, 1982. p. 51-57. MARTIN, D. et al. Characteristics of humic substances in cultivated and natural soils of Sikkim. Geoderma, Amsterdam, v. 84, p.345-362, 1998. MARTIN-NETO, L. et al. EPR of micronutrients-humic substances complexes extracted from a Brazilian soil. Soil Science, Baltimore, v. 51, p. 369-376, 1991. MARTIN-NETO, L.; ANDRIULO, A. E.; TRAGHETA, D. G. Effects of cultivation on ESR spectra of organic matter from soil fractions of a mollisol. Soil Science, Baltimore, v. 157, 365-372, 1994. MARTINS, P. F. da S. Conseqüências do desmatamento sobre o solo de um ecossistema de terra firme da Amazônia Oriental. 1987. 231 f. Tese (Doutorado) - Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz” da Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba. MASSON, H. La temperature du sol au cours d`un feu de brouss au Sénégal. Agronomie Tropicale, Paris, v. 3, p.174-179, 1948. MATHERS, N. J. et al. Recent advances in the application of 13C and 15N NMR spectroscopy to soil organic matter studies. Australian Journal of Soil Research, Collingwood, v. 38, p. 769-787, 2000. MATHERS, N. J.; XU, Z. H. Solid-state 13C NMR spectroscopy: characterization of soil organic matter under two contrasting residue management regimes in a 2-year-old pine plantation of subtropical Australia. Geoderma, Amsterdam, v. 114, n. 1/2, p.19-31, 2003. 112 MBAGWU, J. S. C.; PICCOLO, A. Effects of humic substances from oxidized coal on soil chemical properties and maize yield. In: DROZD, J. et al. (Ed.). The role of humic substances in the ecosystems and in environmental protection. Wroclaw: IHSS Polish Society of Humic Substances, 1997. p.921-925. MENDONÇA, E. S. Matéria orgânica e características químicas de agregados de um Latossolo Vermelho-Amarelo sob mata natural, seringueira e pastagem. 1988. 94 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Solos e Nutrição de Plantas) – Universidade Federal de Viçosa. MIANO, T. M. GARRISON, S.; MARTIN, J. P. Fluorescence Spectroscopy of humic substances. Soil Science Society of America Journal, Madison, v. 52, p. 1016-1019, 1988. MIGLIERINA, A. M.; ROSELL, R. A. Humus quantity and quality of an Entic Haplustoll under different soil-crop management systems. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, New York, v. 26, p. 19-20, 1995. MILORI, D. M. B. P. et al. Fluorescence spectroscopy as an alternative approach to study humification degree in soil humic acids. In: INTERNATIONAL MEETING OF THE INTERNATIONAL HUMIC SUBSTANCES SOCIETY, 10., 2000, Toulousse. Proceedings... Toulousse: International Humic Substances Society, 2000. v. 1, p. 97-100. MILORI, D. M. B. P. et al. Humification degree of soil humic acids determined by fluorescence spectroscopy. Soil Science, Baltimore, v. 167, p.739-749, 2002. MORRISON, S.; BOYD, R. Química orgânica. Lisboa: Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian, 1995. 163 p. MUKHERJEE, P. N.; LAHIRI, A. Polyelectrolytic behaviours of humic acids. Fuel, Oxford, v. 37, p. 220-226, 1958. NIEMEYER, J.; CHEN, Y.; BOLLAG, J. M. Caracterization of humic acids, composts, and peat by diffuse reflectance fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Soil Science Society of America Journal, Madison, v. 56, p.135-140, 1992. NOVAKOV. The role of soot and primary oxidants in atmospheric chemistry. The Science of the Total Evironment. 36:1-10, 1984. NOVOTNY, E. H. Estudos espectroscópicos e cromatográficos de substâncias húmicas de solos sob diferentes sistemas de preparo. 2002. 215 f. Tese (Doutorado) - Instituto de Química da Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos. NOVOTNY, E. H. et al. Espectroscopias de RPE e RMN em ácidos húmicos extraídos de solos submetidos a diferentes sistemas de manejo. In: ENCONTRO BRASILEIRO SOBRE SUBSTÂNCIAS HÚMICAS, 3., 1999, Santa Maria. Anais... Santa Maria: UFSM - Departamento de Solos - Programa de Pós - Graduação em Agronomia, 1999. p. 226-228. 113 NOVOTNY, E. H. Extração, fracionamento e caracterização espectroscópica da matéria orgânica do solo. 1997. 102 f. Dissertação (Mestrado) - Setor de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba. NOVOTNY, E.H. et al. Soil management system effects on size fractionated humic substances. Geoderma, Amsterdam, v. 92, p. 87-109, 1999. NOVOTNY, E.H.; MARTIN-NETO, L. Factor affecting humic substances organic free radical analysis by EPR. In: INTERNATIONAL MEETING OF THE INTERNATIONAL HUMIC SUBSTANCES SOCIETY, 10., 2000, Toulousse. Proceedings... Toulousse: International Humic Substances Society, 2000. v.1, p.85-90. OADES, J. M.; GILLMAN, G. P.; UEHARA, G. Interactions of soil organic matter and variable-charge clays. In: COLEMAN, D. C.; OADES, J. M.; UEHARA, G. (Ed.) Dynamics of soil organic matter in tropical ecosystems. Honolulu: University of Hawaii, 1989. p. 69-95. OGUNTUNDE, P.G. et al. Effects of charcoal production on maize yield, chemical properties and textura of soil. Biology and Fertility of Soils, Berlin, v. 39, p. 295-299, 2004. OLK, D.C.; BRUNETTI, G.; SENESI, N. Organic matter in souble-cropped lowland rice soils: chemical and spectroscopic properties. Soil Science, Baltimore, v. 164, p. 633-649, 1999. OLK, D.C.; CASSMAN, K.G.; FAN, T.W.M. Characterization of two humic acids fractions from a calcareous vermiculitic soil: implications for the humification process. Geoderma, Amsterdam, v. 65, p.195-208, 1995. ORLOV, R. Humic acids of soils. Washington, D.C.: USDA: The National Science Foundation, 1985. 378 p. PABST, E. Critérios de distinção entre Terra Preta e Latossolo na região de Balterra e os seus significados para a discussão pedogenética. Boletim do Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi, Série Antropologia, Belém, v. 7, n.1, p. 5-19, 1991. PARFITT, R.L. et al. Effects of clay minerals and land use on organic matter pools. Geoderma, Amsterdam, v. 75, n. 1/2, p. 1-12, 1997. PENZER, G.; BROWN, S.B. An introduction to spectroscopy for biochemists. Academic, London, 1980. PÉREZ, M. G. et al. Characterization of humic acids from a Brazilian Oxisol under different tillage systems by EPR, 13C NMR, FTIR and fluorescence spectroscopy, Geoderma, Amsterdam, v. 118, p.181-190, 2004. 114 PIANA, M. J.; ZAHIR, O. Investigation of metal binding of humic substances using fluorescence emission and synchronous-scan spectroscopy. Journal of Environmental Science and Health, New York, v.35, p. 87-102, 2000. PICCOLO, A. & MBAGWU, J.S.C. Effects of different organic waste amendments on soil microaggregate stability and molecular sizes of humic substances. Plant and Soil, Dordrecht, v. 123, p. 27-37, 1990. PICCOLO, A. Interaction between organic pollutants and humic substances in the environment. In: SENESI, N.; MIANO, T. M. (Ed). Humic substances in the global environment and implications of human health: proceedings of the 6 th International Meeting of the International Humic Substances Society, Monopoli (Bari), Italy, September 20-25, 1992. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1994. p. 961-979. PICCOLO, A. The supramolecular structure of humic substances. Soil Science, Baltimore, v. 166, p. 810-832, 2001. PICCOLO, A.; MBAGWU, J. S. C. Role of hydrophobic components of soil organic matter in soil aggregate stability. Soil Science Society of America Journal, Madison, v. 63, p. 1801-1810, 1999. PICCOLO, A.; PIETRAMELLARA, G.; MBAGWU, J. S. C. Use of humic substances as soil conditioners to increase agregate stability. Geoderma, Amsterdam, v. 75, p. 267-277, 1997b. PICCOLO, A.; PIETRAMELLARA, G.; MBAGWU, J.S.C. Reduction in soil loss from erosion-susceptible soil amended with humic substances from oxidized coal. Soil Technology, Cremlingen, v. 10, p. 235-245, 1997a. PICCOLO, A.; PIETRAMELLARA, G.; MBAGWU, J. S. C. Effects of coal derived humic substances on water retention and structural stability of Mediterranean soils. Soil Use and Management, Wallingford, v.12, p. 209-213, 1996. PILLON, C. N. Alterações no conteúdo e qualidade da matéria orgânica do solo induzidas por sistemas de cultura em plantio direto. 2000. 232 f. (Tese de Doutorado) - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre. PRESTON, C. M. Applications of NMR to soil organic matter analysis: History and prospects. Soil Science, Baltimore, v. 161, p.144-166, 1996. PROVENZANO, M. R.; SENESI, N. Thermal properties of standard and reference humic substances by differential scanning calorimetry. Journal of Anal. Colorimetry, v. 57, p. 517-526, 1999. RANZANI, G.; KINJO, T.; FREIRE, O. Ocorrência de “plaggen Epipedon” no Brasil. Piracicaba: ESALQ-USP, 1962. 12 p. (ESALQ-USP. Boletim Técnico - Científico, 5). 115 RANZANI, G.; KINJO, T.; FREIRE, O. Ocorrências de “Plaggen Epipedon” no Brasil. Notícia Geomorfológica, Campinas, v.10, p.55-62, 1970. REZENDE, M.O. de O. A importância ambiental das substâncias húmicas. USP/IQSC. Tese (livre docência), 152p., 1999. Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos. RICCA, G. et al. Structural investigations of humic acid from leonardite by spectroscopic methods and thermal analysis. Geoderma, Amsterdam, v.57, p. 263-274, 1993. RICE, J. A.; MACCARTHY, P. Statistical evaluation of the elemental composition of humic substances. Organic Geochemistry, Oxford, v.17, p.635-648, 1991. RIFALDI, R.; SCHNITZER, M. Electron spin resonance spectrometry of humic substances. Soil Science Society of America Proceedings, Madison, v. 36, p.301-305, 1972. RODRIGUES, T.E. et al;. Solos da rodovia PA-70, trecho Belém-Brasília Marabá. Belém, IPEAN, 1974. 60:1-192. (IPEAN- Boletin Técnico, 60). ROSSEL, R. A. et al. Humic acids properties of an Argiudoll soil under two tillage systems. The Science of the Total Environment, Amsterdam, v. 81/82, p. 391-400, 1989. RUELLAN, A. A pedologia e desenvolvimento: a ciência do solo ao serviço do desenvolvimento. In: CONGRESSO BRASILEIRO DE CIÊNCIA DO SOLO, 21, 1988, Campinas. A responsabilidade social da ciência do solo. Campinas: SBCS, 1988. p.69-74.; FREITAS, S. S. (Coord.). A responsabilidade social da ciência do solo. Campinas: Sociedade Brasileira de Ciência do Solo, 1988. p. 69-74. RUSSEL, J. D. Infrared methods. In: Wilson, M. J. (Ed). A handbook of determinative methods in clay mineralogy. London: Blackie & Sons, 1987. p.133-173. SAAB, S.C. Caracterização da matéria orgânica em gleissolos por espectroscopias de EPR, RMN, IV e UV-Visivel. São Carlos: USP, 1999. 11p. Tese (doutorado em Ciências- Química analítica) – Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos, 1999. SANTA-ISABEL, L. M. Caracterização e algumas relações pedogenéticas da matéria orgânica de uma toposseqüência de solos em região de clima semi-árido de Itaberaba-BA. 1988. f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Geociências) – Instituto de Geociências , Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador. SCHMIDT, M.W. J. et al. Charred organic carbon in German chernozemic soils. European Journal of Soil Science, Oxford, v. 50, p.351-365, 1999. 116 SCHMIDT, M. W. I.; NOACK, A.G. Black carbon in soils and sediments: analysis, distribution, implications, and current challenges (review). Global Biogeochemical Cycles, v. 14, p.77-793, 2000. SCHMIDT, M.W.I. et al. Comparative analysis of black carbon in soil. Global Biogeochemical Cycles, v. 15, p. 163-167, 2001. SCHNITZER, M. & LEVESQUE, M. Electron spin resonance as a guide to the degree of humification of peats. Soil Sci., 127(3):140-145, 1979. SCHNITZER, M. Organic matter characterization. In: PAGE, A. L.; MILLER, R. H.; KEENEY, D. R. (Ed.). Methods of soil analysis. 2. ed. Madison: American Society of Agronomy: Soil Science Society of America, 1982. p.581-594. (Agronomy, 9). Part 2: Chemical and microbiological properties. SCHNITZER, M.; GUPTA, U.C. Determination of acidity in soil organic matter. Soil Science Society of America Proceedings, Madison, v. 27, p. 274-277, 1965. SCHNITZER, M.; KHAN, S. U. Humic substances in the environment. New York: Marcel Decker, 1972. SCHNITZER, M.; KHAN, S. U. Soil organic matter. New York: Elsevier, 1978. 319 p. SCHNITZER, M.; LEVESQUE, M. Electron spin resonance as a guide to the degree of humification of peats. Soil Science, Baltimore, v.127, n. 3, p.140-145, 1979. SCHNITZER, M.; SHEARER, D. A.; WRIGHT, J. R. A study in the infrared of high- molecular weight organic matter extracted by various reagents from a podzolic B horizon. In: s.l.., 1958. SCHÖNING, I.; KÖGEL-KNABNER, I. Organic matter composition in particle size fractions of soils under beech forest. In: REUNIÃO BRASILEIRA DE FERTILIDADE DO SOLO E NUTRIÇÃO DE PLANTAS, 25.; REUNIÃO BRASILEIRA SOBRE MICORRIZAS, 9.; SIMPÓSIO BRASILEIRO DE MICROBIOLOGIA DO SOLO, 8.; REUNIÃO BRASILEIRA DE BIOLOGIA DO SOLO, 4., 2002, Rio de Janeiro. Fertbio 2002. [ S. l.]: Sociedade Brasileira de Ciencia do Solo: UFRRJ - Departamento de Solos: Embrapa Agrobiologia: Embrapa Solos, 2002. CD ROM. SCHULTEN, H. R., SORGE, C., SCHNITZER, M. Structural studies on soil nitrogen by Carie-point pyrolysis - gas chromatrography/mass spectrometry with nitrogen-selective detection. Biology and Fertility Soils, Berlin, v. 20, p.174-184, 1995. SEILER, W.; CRUTZEN, P.J. Estimates of gross and net fluxes of carbon between the biosphere and the atmosphere from biomass burning. Climatic Change, Dordrecht, v. 2, p. 207-247, 1980. 117 SENESI, N. et al. Characterization, differentiation, and classification of humic substances by fluorescente spectroscopy. Soil Science, Baltimore, v. 152, p. 259-271, 1991. SENESI, N. et al. Fractal dimension of humic acids in aqueous suspension as a funcion of pH and time. Soil Science Society of America Journal, Madison, v. 60, p.1773-1778, 1996. SENESI, N. Fluorescence spectroscopy applied to the study of humic substances from soil and soil related systems: a review. Preprint extended abstract. Division of environmental Chemistry. American Chemical Society, 1990a. p. 79-82. SENESI, N. Molecular and quantitative aspects of the chemistry of fulvic acid and its interaction with metal ions and organic chemicals, Parte I. The electron spin resonance approach. Analytica Chimica Acta, Amsterdam, v. 232, p. 51-75, 1990b. SENESI, N.; STEELINK, C. Aplication of ESR spectroscopy to the study of humic substances. In: In: HAYES, M. H. B. et al. (Ed.). Humic substances II. In search for the structure. Chichester: John Wiley, 1989. p. 373-408. SENESI, N.; D`ORAZIO, V.; RICCA, G. Humic acids in the first generation of EUROSOILS. Geoderma, Amsterdam, v.116, n.3/4, p. 325-344, 2003. SENESI, N.; SPOSITO, G.; MARTIN, J. P. Coper (II) e Iron (III) complexation by humic acid-like polymers (melanins) from soil fungi. Science of the Total Environment, Amsterdam, v. 62, p. 241-252, 1987. SERTSU, S.M.; SANCHEZ, P.A. Effects of heating on some changes in soil properties in relation to an Ethiopian land management practice. Soil Science Society of America Journal, Madison, v. 42, p. 940-944, 1978. SHIMADZU, Thermogravimetric analyser softwere T50WA: User guide. SHIMADZU, 1989. SHIROYA R.; KUMADA, K. Elementary composition of humic acid. Studies on the nature and chemical properties of humic acid (Part 2). Journal of Science Soil Manure, Tokyo, v. 44, p. 121-125, 1973. SHNEOUR, E.A. Oxidation of graphitic carbon in certain soils. Science. Washington, D.C., v. 151, p. 991-992, 1966. SHURYGINA, E. A. et al. Differential thermal analysis (DTA) and thermogravimetry (TG) of soil humic substances. Geoderma, Amsterdam, v. 6, p.169-177, 1971. SILVA, J.M.L. da. Caracterização e classificação de solos do terciário do nordeste do Estado do Pará. UFRRJ, 1989. 190p. (tese de mestrado). SILVERSTEIN, R. M.; WEBSTER, F. X. Identificação espectrométrica de compostos orgânicos. Rio de Janeiro: LTC, 2000. 460 p. 118 SINGER, L. S. Synthetic ruby as a secondary standard for the measurement of intensities in Electron Paramagnetic Resonance. Journal of Applied Physics, v. 30, p. 1463-1464, 1959. SKJEMSTAD, J. O. et al. Characterization of soil organic matter by solid-state 13C NMR spectroscopy. In: CADISCH, G.; GILLER, K.E. (Ed.). Driven by nature: plant litter quality and decomposition. London: CAB International , 1997. P. 253-271. SKJEMSTAD, J. O.; TAYLOR, J. A.; SMERNIK, R. J. Estimation of charcoal (char) in soil. Communications in Soil Science Society of America, New York, v. 66, p. 2283- 2298, 1999. SKOOG, D. A.; HOLLER, F. J.; NIEMAN, T. Principios de análise instrumental. Porto Alegre: ARTMED, 2002, 836 p. SMERNIK, L.S.; OADES, J.M. The use of spin counting for determinig quantitation in solid state 13C NMR spectra of natural organic matter. 1. Model systems and the effects of paramagnetic impurities. Geoderma, Amsterdam, v. 96, p. 1001-109, 2000. SMERNIK, R. J.; OADES, J.M. Effects of added paramagnetic ions on the 13C CP/MAS NMR spectra of soils. Geoderma, Amsterdam, v. 89, p. 219-248, 1999. SMERNIK, R. J.; SKJEMSTAD, J. O.; OADES, J.M. Virtual fractionation of charcoal from soil organic matter using solid state 13C NMR spectral editing. Australian Journal of Soil Research, Collingwood, Vic., v. 38, p. 665-683, 2000. SMITH, N. J. H. Anthrosols and human carring capacity in Amazonia. Annals of The Association of American Geographers, Washington, D.C., v. 70, p. 553-566, 1980. SOMBROEK, W. G. Amazon soils. a reconnaissance of the soils of the Brazilian Amazon region. Wageningen: Centre for Agricultural Publication and Documentation, 1966. 292 p. (Agricultural Research Reports, 672). SOUZA, L.F. et al. Relação entre a fertilidade e as substâncias húmicas numa Terra Preta da Amazônia. In: CONGRESSO BRASILEIRO DE CIÊNCIA DO SOLO, 29., 2003, Ribeirão Preto. Anais... Botucatu: UNESP: Sociedade Brasileira de Ciência do Solo, 2003. CD-ROM SPACCINI, R. et al. Increased soil organic carbon sequestration through hydrophobic protection by humic substances. Soil Biology & Biochemistry, Oxford, v. 34, p. 1839- 1851, 2002. SPARK, K. M.; SWIFT, R. S. Investigation of some of the parameters affecting the fluorescence spectra of humic substances. In: SENESI, N.; MIANO, T. M. (Ed). Humic substances in the global environment and implications of human health: proceedings of 119 the 6th International Meeting of the International Humic Substances Society, Monopoli (Bari), Italy, September 20-25, 1992. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1994. p . 153-160. SPOSITO, G. The chemistry of soils. New York: Oxford Academic Press, 1989. 227 p SPOSITO, G.; HOLTZCLAW, K. M.; BAHAM, J. Analytical properties of the soluble, metal-complexing fractions in sludge-soil mixture: II comparative structural chemistry of fulvic acid. Soil Science Society of America Journal, Madison, v. 40, p.691-697, 1976. SPOSITO, G.; MARTIN-NETO, L.; YANG, A. Atrazine complexation by soil humic acids. Journal of Environmental Quality, Madison, v. 25, p. 1203-1209, 1996. SPURR, H.S.; BARNES, B.V. Forest ecology. 2.ed. New York: The Ronald Press Company, 1973. 347 p. STEINER, C. et al.. Charcoal as soil conditioner and nutrient retainer-studies in the humic tropic, Amazônia, Brazil. In: Energy & Agricultural Carbon Utilization. Sustainable Alternatives to Sequestration. Disponível em: < http://www.georgiaitp.org/carbon/abstracts/Session2A.pdf.> . Acesso em: 15 set. 2004. STEVENSON, F. J. Humus chemistry: genesis, composition, reactions. 2.ed. New York: John Willey, 1994. 496 p. STEVENSON, F. J.; GOH, K. M. Infrared spectra of humic acids and related substances. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, Oxford, v. 35, p. 471-483, 1971. STEVENSON. F.J., SCHNITZER, M. Transmission electron microscopy of extracted fulvic and humic acids. Soil Science, Baltimore, v.133, p.179-185, 1982. STUERMER, D. H.; PETERS, K. E.; KAPLAN, I. R. Source indicators of humic substances and protokerogen: stable isotope ratios, elemental compositions and electron-spin resonance spectra. Geochimica et cosmochimica Acta, Oxford, v. 42, p. 989-997, 1978. SWIFT, R. S. Macromolecular properties of soil humic substances: fact, fiction and opinion. Soil Science, Baltimore, v. 164, p. 790-802, 1999. SWIFT, R. S. Organic matter characterization. In: SPARKS, D. L.; PAGE, A. L.; HELMKE, P. A.; LOEPPERT, R. H.; SOLTANPOUR, P. N.; TABATABAI, M. A.; JOHNSTON, C. T.; SUMNER, M. E. (Ed.). Methods of soil analysis. Madison: Soil Science Society of America: American Society of Agronomy, 1996. p. 1011-1020. (Soil Science Society of America Book Series, 5). Part 3. Chemical methods. TAM, S. C.; SPOSITO, G. Fluorescence spectroscopy of aqueous pine litter extracts: effects of humification and aluminium complexation. The Journal of Soil Science, Oxford, v. 44, p. 513-524, 1993. TAN, K. H. Principals of soil chemistry. 2. ed. New York: Marcel Dekker, 1992. 120 TAN, K. H. Soil sampling, preparation, and analysis. New York: Marcel Dekker, Inc., 1996. p. 278-289. TAN, K.H.; HILMMELSBACH, D. S., LOBARTINI, J. C. The significance of solid-state 13C NMR spectroscopy of whole soil in the characterization of humic matter. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, New York, v. 23, p.1513-1532, 1992. THENG, B.K.G. & POSNER, A.M. Nature of the carbonyl groups in soil humic acid. Soil Science, Baltimore, v.104, n.3, p.191-201, 1967 TOLEDO, A. P. P. Estudo das interações de íons cúpricos com os ácidos húmicos e fúlvicos. 1976. Tese (Doutorado) - Universidade de São Paulo. TORRENTES, A; JAYASUNDERA, S. & SCHMIDT, W.J. Influence of the polarity of organic matter on the sorption of acetamide pesticides. J. Agric. Food Chem. 45:3320- 3325, 1997. TRISTÃO, R. A. Classificação ecológica de uma área do estado de Minas Gerais. Um métdodo biopedológico. (Tese de Mestrado), Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 1997. TRYON, E.H. Effects of charcoal on certain physical, chemical, and biological properties of forest soils. Ecological Monographs, Lawrence, Kan, v. 18, p. 81-115, 1948. USSIRI, D.A.N.; JOHNSON, C. E. Characterization of organic matter in a northern hardwood forest soil by 13C NMR spectroscopy and chemical methods. Geoderma, Amsterdam, v. 111, p.123-149, 2003. Van KREVELEN, D. W. Graphical-statistical method for the study of structure and reaction process of coal. Fuel, Oxford, v.29, p.269-284, 1950. VIEIRA, L.S. & SANTOS, P.C.T. Amazônia: seus solos e outros recursos naturais. São Paulo, Ed. Agronômica Ceres, 1987, 416p. VINKLER, P.; LAKATOS, B.; MEISEL, J. Infrared spectroscopic investigations of humic substances and their metal complexes. Geoderma, Amsterdam, v. 15, p. 231-242, 1976. VOLKOFF, B. et al. Natureza do húmus nos latossolos distróficos da Bahia. Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo, Campinas, v.2, p.59-63, 1978. VOLKOFF, B.; CERRI, C. C. L`humus des sols du Brésil: nature et relation avec l`environnement. Cahiers ORSTOM, Série Pédologie, Paris, v. 24, n.2, p. 83-95, 1988. VOLKOFF, B.; ANDRADE, M. J. Caracterização da matéria orgânica de alguns solos ferralíticos do Estado da Bahia: aplicação de um método de fracionamento das substâncias 121 húmicas. In: CONGRESSO BRASILEIRO DE CIÊNCIA DO SOLO, 15., 1976, Campinas. Anais... Campinas: Sociedade Brasileira de Ciência do Solo, 1976. p.116-126. VOLKOFF, B.; CERRI, C. C.; MELFI, A.J. Húmus e mineralogia dos horizontes superficiais de três solos de campos de altitude dos Estados de Minas Gerais, Paraná e Santa Catarina. Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo, Campinas, v. 8, p. 277-283, 1984. VOLKOFF, B.; CERRI, C.C. Húmus em solos da floresta amazônica na região do rio Madeira. Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo, Campinas, v. 5, p. 15-21, 1981. VOLKOFF, B.et al. Natureza do húmus nos latossolos distróficos da Bahia. Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo, Campinas, v. 2, p. 59-63, 1978. WARDLE, D. A.; ZACKRISSON, O.; NILSSON, M.C. The charcoal effect in Boreal forests: mechanisms and ecological consequences. Oecologia, Berlin, v. 115, p. 419-426, 1998. WERTZ, J.E.; BOLTON, J. R. Electron spin resonance. New York: McGraw Hill, 1972. WHITE, J. L.; ROTH, C. B. Infrared spectrometry. In: KLUTE, A. (Ed.). Methods of soil analysis. 2.ed. Madison: America Society of Agronomy: Soil Science Society of America, 1986. v.1, p. 291-330. (Agronomy, 9) Part1: Physical and mineralogical methods. WILSON, M. A. NMR techniques and applications in geochemistry and soil chemistry. Oxford: Pergamon Press, 1987. 353 p. WOODS, W. I.; McCANN, J. M. The anthropogenic origin and persistence of Amazonian Dark Earths. The Yearbook of the Conference of Latin American Geographers, Washington, D.C., v. 25, p. 7-14, 1999a. WOODS, W. I.; MEYER, D. W.; McCANN, J. M. Black earth analysis: a call for cooperation. In: CLAG 2000 CONFERENCE, 2000, Austin, Texas. Proceedings... YOEMANS, J.C. & BREMNER, J.M. A rapid and precise method for routine determination of organic carbon in soil. Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. 19(13):1467-1476, 1988. YONEBAYASHI, K.; HATTORI, T. Chemical and biological studies on environmental humic acids. I. Composition of elemental and Functional Groups of Humic Acids. Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, Tokyo, v. 34, n. 4, p. 571-584, 1988. ZECH, W. et al. Factors controlling humification and mineralization of soil organic matter in the tropics. Geoderma, Amsterdam, v. 79, p.117-161, 1997. ZECH, W.; GLASER, B. History and origin of Terra Preta soils and future perspectives. In: TERRA PRETA SYMPOSIUM. CONFERENCE OF THE LATIN AMERICANIST GEOGRAPHERS, 2001, Benicassin, Spain. Abstracts... 2001. 122 ZECH, W; HAUMAIER, L.; HEMPFLING, R. Ecological aspects of soil organic matter in tropical land use. In: McCARTHY, P. et al. (Ed.). Humic substances in soil and crop sciences: selected Reedings. Madison: ASA: SSSA, 1990. p.187-201. ZECH, W. et al. Organic matter dynamics in forest soils of temperate and tropical ecosystems. In: PICCOLO, A. (Ed.). Humic substances in terrestrial ecosystems. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1996. p.101-170. ZSOLNEY, A. et al. Differentiating with fluorescence spectroscopy the sources of dissolved organic matter in soils subjected to drying. Chemosphere, Oxford, v. 38, p. 45-50, 1999.pt_BR
dc.subject.cnpqAgronomiapt_BR
Aparece nas coleções:Doutorado em Agronomia - Ciência do Solo

Se for cadastrado no RIMA, poderá receber informações por email.
Se ainda não tem uma conta, cadastre-se aqui!

Arquivos associados a este item:
Arquivo Descrição TamanhoFormato 
2005 - Tony Jarbas Ferreira Cunha.pdf921,78 kBAdobe PDFAbrir


Os itens no repositório estão protegidos por copyright, com todos os direitos reservados, salvo quando é indicado o contrário.