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dc.contributor.authorCardoso, Bárbara de Souza-
dc.date.accessioned2026-10-08T16:33:34Z-
dc.date.available2026-10-08T16:33:34Z-
dc.date.issued2025-07-11-
dc.identifier.citationCARDOSO, Bárbara de Souza. O Papel de Inibidores de NADPH Oxidases sobre as Atividades da Ferro Redutase de Leishmania amazonensis (LFR1) e Sua Possível Influência na Diferenciação e Infectividade do Parasito. 2025. Dissertação (Mestrado em Química, Química Medicinal e Biológica) - Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, 2025.pt_BR
dc.identifier.urihttp://rima.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/20.500.14407/26578-
dc.description.abstractA espécie Leishmania amazonensis ocorre em várias partes do Brasil e é o agente causador das leishmanioses cutâneas, transmitidas por insetos vetores flebotomíneos para hospedeiros vertebrados. Durante o ciclo de vida do parasito, há uma alternância entre as formas promastigotas, presentes no vetor, e as formas amastigotas infectivas intracelulares, que surgem da diferenciação dos promastigotas metacíclicos no hospedeiro mamífero. Recentemente, foi descrito que a enzima ferro redutase (LFR1) de L. amazonensis, quando ativada por heme, também pode atuar como uma NADPH oxidase (NOX). Esta enzima bifuncional parece estar envolvida no processo de diferenciação do parasito e pode constituir um novo alvo farmacológico. As NOXs estão envolvidas em várias patologias como câncer, doenças cardíacas e neurodegenerativas e, portanto, há uma busca intensa por fármacos que inibam a atividade dessas enzimas. Alguns desses inibidores estão disponíveis comercialmente, como o Setanaxib, GKT136901 e VAS2870. Nesse contexto, a fim de investigar o funcionamento da LFR1 como alvo para a terapia medicamentosa contra as leishmanioses, este estudo avaliou o efeito desses inibidores nas atividades da LFR1 de L. amazonensis e verificou seus efeitos na proliferação, diferenciação e infectividade dos parasitos. Além disso, o foi conduzida uma análise in silico, que avaliou o possível sítio de interação desses compostos na LFR1. Resultados preliminares usando o reagente Amplex Red® para medir a produção de H2O2 heme- dependente mostraram o Setanaxib a 15 μM, GKT136901 a 2,5 μM e o VAS2870 em concentrações tão baixas quanto 1 μM foram capazes de abolir totalmente a atividade NOX da LFR1. O efeito citotóxico desses inibidores contra formas promastigotas também foi avaliado através do teste MTT, em que somente o VAS2870 exibiu efeito tóxico, mostrando perda de 25% e 90% da viabilidade celular na presença de 10 μM do inibidor, após 24h e 72h, respectivamente. Na atividade ferro-redutásica da LFR1, medida através de método colorimétrico com o reagente K3Fe(CN)6, o promissor inibidor VAS2870 a 1 μM não mostrou efeito inibitório significativo, porém inibiu essa atividade em concentrações acima de 5 μM. A análise in silico, que visou demonstrar a possível interação entre o VAS2870 com o domínio desidrogenase da LFR1, cuja estrutura foi modelada ab initio, mostrou que esse inibidor interage covalentemente com o sítio ativo da enzima de forma estável. Em culturas axênicas que estimulam a diferenciação de promastigotas para amastigotas, o VAS2870 parece atuar inibindo esse processo em concentrações não-citotóxicas, embora não tenha exercido efeito sob a infecção de L. amazonensis em macrófagos murinos. Esses resultados sugerem que o VAS2870 pode atuar em ambas as atividades da LFR1, exercendo efeitos no ciclo de vida de L. amazonensis. Diante disso, não é descartada a necessidade de estudos mais profundos a respeito dos efeitos desses e de outros inibidores NOX na LFR1.pt_BR
dc.description.sponsorshipCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPESpt_BR
dc.languageporpt_BR
dc.publisherUniversidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiropt_BR
dc.subjectLeishmania amazonensispt_BR
dc.subjectNADPH oxidasespt_BR
dc.subjectLFR1pt_BR
dc.titleO Papel de inibidores de NADPH oxidases sobre as atividades da ferro redutase de leishmania amazonensis (LFR1) e sua possível influência na diferenciação e infectividade do parasito.pt_BR
dc.title.alternativeThe role of NADPH oxidases inhibitors on leishmania amazonensis ferric Iron reductase (LFR1) activities and their possible influence on parasite differentiation and infectivity.en
dc.typeDissertaçãopt_BR
dc.description.abstractOtherThe species Leishmania amazonensis is found in various parts of Brazil and is the causative agent of cutaneous leishmaniasis, transmitted by phlebotomine insect vectors to vertebrate hosts. During the parasite’s life cycle, there is an alternation between the promastigote forms, present in the vector, and the intracellular infective amastigote forms, which arise from the differentiation of metacyclic promastigotes within the mammalian host. Recently, it has been described that the ferric reductase enzyme (LFR1) of L. amazonensis, when activated by heme, can also function as a NADPH oxidase (NOX). This bifunctional enzyme appears to be involved in the parasite’s differentiation process and may constitute a new pharmacological target. NOXs are involved in various pathologies such as cancer, cardiac, and neurodegenerative diseases; therefore, there is an intense search for drugs that inhibit the activity of these enzymes. Some of these inhibitors are commercially available, such as Setanaxib, GKT136901, and VAS2870. In this context, to investigate LFR1 as a new target for drug therapy against leishmaniasis, this study aims to analyze the effects of Setanaxib, GKT136901, and VAS2870 on LFR1 activities from L. amazonensis and to evaluate their effects on parasite proliferation, differentiation and infectivity. Additionally, an in silico analysis of the possible inhibitor-LFR1 interactions is performed. Preliminary results using the Amplex Red® reagent to measure heme-dependent H2O2 production showed that Setanaxib at 15 μM, GKT136901 at 2.5 μM, and VAS2870 at concentrations as low as 1 μM completely abolished NOX activity. The cytotoxic effects of these inhibitors against promastigote forms were also assessed via the MTT assay, revealing that only VAS2870 exhibited toxicity, causing a 25% and 90% reduction in cell viability at 10 μM concentration after 24 and 72 hours, respectively. Regarding the ferric reductase activity of LFR1, measured through a colorimetric method with K3Fe(CN)6 reagent, the promising inhibitor VAS2870 at 1 μM showed no significant inhibitory effect but suppressed activity at concentrations above 5 μM. The in silico study, which aimed to demonstrate the potential interaction between VAS2870 and the dehydrogenase domain of LFR1, modeled ab initio, showed that this inhibitor may form covalent and stable interactions with the enzyme’s active site. In axenic cultures that stimulate promastigote-to-amastigote differentiation, VAS2870 appears to inhibit this process at non-cytotoxic concentrations, although it did not influence L. amazonensis infection in murine macrophages. These results suggest that VAS2870 can affect both activities of LFR1, impacting the life cycle of L. amazonensis. Furthermore, the possibility of further studies on the effects of these and other NOX inhibitors on LFR1 remains open.en
dc.contributor.advisor1Gomes, Daniela Consentino-
dc.contributor.advisor1IDhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-5690-5413pt_BR
dc.contributor.advisor1Latteshttp://lattes.cnpq.br/3067190550867881pt_BR
dc.contributor.referee1Gomes, Daniela Cosentino-
dc.contributor.referee1IDhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-5690-5413pt_BR
dc.contributor.referee1Latteshttp://lattes.cnpq.br/3067190550867881pt_BR
dc.contributor.referee2Lima, Marco Edilson Freire de-
dc.contributor.referee2IDhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-0563-3483pt_BR
dc.contributor.referee2Latteshttp://lattes.cnpq.br/8392420706762318pt_BR
dc.contributor.referee3Nascimento, Michelle Tanny Cunha do-
dc.contributor.referee3Latteshttp://lattes.cnpq.br/5187200314126202pt_BR
dc.creator.Latteshttp://lattes.cnpq.br/0609299330672864pt_BR
dc.publisher.countryBrasilpt_BR
dc.publisher.departmentInstituto de Químicapt_BR
dc.publisher.initialsUFRRJpt_BR
dc.publisher.programPrograma de Pós-Graduação em Químicapt_BR
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