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| Campo DC | Valor | Idioma |
|---|---|---|
| dc.contributor.author | Almeida, Ronaldo André Castelo dos Santos de | - |
| dc.date.accessioned | 2026-10-23T14:07:49Z | - |
| dc.date.available | 2026-10-23T14:07:49Z | - |
| dc.date.issued | 2026-02-25 | - |
| dc.identifier.citation | ALMEIDA, Ronaldo André Castelo dos Santos de. Influência da adaptação prévia a ambientes com altas temperaturas na resposta adaptativa cardíaca e vascular à exposições subsequentes ao calor. 2026. 93 f. Tese (Doutorado em Ciências Fisiológicas) - Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, 2026. | pt_BR |
| dc.identifier.uri | http://rima.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/20.500.14407/26760 | - |
| dc.description.abstract | O aumento da temperatura ambiental e da frequência e intensidade das ondas de calor representa um crescente desafio à saúde cardiovascular, tornando relevante a identificação de estratégias não farmacológicas capazes de aumentar a tolerância do organismo a exposições térmicas extremas. Neste contexto, o presente estudo investigou se a terapia térmica (TT) por imersão passiva em água aquecida induz adaptações cardíacas e vasculares capazes de persistir após a retirada do estímulo e de serem recuperadas mais rapidamente após uma nova exposição, caracterizando um possível fenômeno de memória adaptativa cardiovascular. Foram utilizados ratos Wistar adultos, com 60 dias de idade e massa corporal de 250–300 g, submetidos a diferentes protocolos de exposição térmica. Os experimentos de termotolerância compararam animais controle (CTR), submetidos a 5 dias de TT (TT5) e a 10 dias de TT (TT10; n = 10/grupo), enquanto o experimento principal de memória adaptativa compreendeu CTR, TT10, TT10 seguido de 10 dias de decaimento (TT10+Decaimento10) e readaptação após o decaimento (RAC; n = 15/grupo). A variabilidade da frequência cardíaca também foi avaliada (n = 8). Adicionalmente, a possível transferência por algum fator através efluente coronariano da cardioproteção foi investigada em animais controle (n = 5), adaptados por imersão em água quente (IAQ; n = 5) e animais sedentários que receberam efluente coronariano proveniente de corações condicionados (EFF; n = 10). Foram avaliadas temperatura colônica (Tcol), eletrocardiografia e variabilidade da frequência cardíaca, suscetibilidade a arritmias, função ventricular em coração isolado pelo método de Langendorff, hematócrito, volume plasmático, área de infarto e reatividade vascular. A exposição repetida ao calor promoveu adaptações termorregulatórias dependentes da duração do estímulo. No experimento de memória adaptativa, a Tcol apresentou diferença global significativa (H(7) = 36,09; p < 0,0001); após a intervenção, TT10 apresentou menor Tcol que CTR (p < 0,01) e redução em relação ao próprio período basal (p < 0,001). A interrupção da TT por 10 dias atenuou essa resposta, enquanto em animais reaclimatados (RAC) voltou a apresentar redução da Tcol após a readaptação (p < 0,05). No experimento de termotolerância, também foi observada diferença entre CTR, TT5 e TT10 (F(2,27) = 5,83; p = 0,0076), sendo a Tcol menor após 10 dias de TT em comparação ao CTR (p = 0,01). A análise da variabilidade da frequência cardíaca demonstrou aumento da modulação parassimpática, com maior componente HF, redução de LF e menor razão LF/HF em TT10 em comparação ao CTR e TT10+Decaimento10; após 10 dias sem estímulo térmico, a razão LF/HF retornou a valores semelhantes aos controles, indicando perda parcial da adaptação autonômica. A TT também promoveu importante proteção elétrica cardíaca. Durante o desafio térmico, os grupos CTR e TT10+Decaimento10 apresentaram maior suscetibilidade a episódios arrítmicos do que TT10 e RAC (H(3) = 45,55; p < 0,0001), demonstrando que a exposição por 10 dias reduziu a vulnerabilidade elétrica ao calor e que parte desse fenótipo protetor foi recuperada após apenas 5 dias de readaptação. Na avaliação funcional em coração isolado, a elevação progressiva da temperatura de 37 para 40 °C produziu deterioração da função ventricular nos animais não adaptados. O TT10 manteve maior pressão sistólica ventricular esquerda que CTR (p = 0,0219) e TT5 (p = 0,0086), apresentou melhor preservação da pressão diastólica final em comparação ao CTR (p = 0,0186) e TT5 (p = 0,0475) e manteve maior estabilidade da pressão desenvolvida do ventrículo esquerdo (PDVE) em comparação ao CTR (p = 0,0485) e TT5 (p = 0,0426). Assim, 5 dias de exposição foram insuficientes para reproduzir integralmente o fenótipo observado após 10 dias, demonstrando uma relação temporal para o desenvolvimento da termotolerância cardíaca. No experimento de decaimento e readaptação, o desafio térmico de elevação da temperatura de perfusão a 40 °C e retorno aos 37 °C, demonstrou maior preservação da PDVE em TT10 durante a hipertermia e recuperação da função contrátil após o retorno a 37 °C. A retirada do estímulo por 10 dias promoveu perda parcial dessa proteção, enquanto RAC apresentou recuperação intermediária da função ventricular mesmo tendo recebido somente 5 dias de readaptação, isto é, metade do período originalmente necessário para produzir o fenótipo adaptado. Paralelamente, observou-se aumento do volume plasmático em TT10 após a intervenção (F(7,84) = 2,180; p = 0,044), sem alterações significativas do hematócrito. A magnitude da cardioproteção foi particularmente evidente na análise da lesão miocárdica. O grupo CTR apresentou 57,9 ± 1,7% de área de infarto (IC95%: 54,2–61,6%), enquanto TT10 apresentou apenas 18,1 ± 1,8% (IC95%: 14,31–21,96%), correspondendo a uma redução de aproximadamente 69% da área infartada. Após 10 dias de decaimento, a área de infarto aumentou para 51,0 ± 1,6% (IC95%: 47,6–54,4%), embora permanecesse menor que CTR (p = 0,03). Notavelmente, somente 5 dias de readaptação reduziram novamente a lesão: RAC apresentou 36,8 ± 1,8% de área de infarto (IC95%: 32,9–40,7%), significativamente inferior ao CTR (p < 0,0001), demonstrando recuperação parcial da cardioproteção com uma carga térmica menor que a utilizada para produzir a adaptação inicial. A resposta vascular também foi modulada pela TT. O relaxamento dependente do endotélio induzido por acetilcolina diferiu entre os grupos (F(3,19) = 5,1; p = 0,009), enquanto a resposta ao nitroprussiato de sódio não apresentou diferenças significativas (p > 0,05), indicando preservação da capacidade de relaxamento do músculo liso e sugerindo que as modificações induzidas pela TT ocorreram predominantemente no componente endotelial. A readaptação promoveu retorno da resposta vascular em direção ao padrão basal, reforçando o caráter reversível e plástico das adaptações cardiovasculares ao calor. Os resultados demonstram que a terapia térmica repetida induz termotolerância cardiovascular caracterizada por menor temperatura corporal, modulação autonômica favorável, maior estabilidade elétrica, preservação da função ventricular, expressiva redução da lesão miocárdica e modulação da função vascular. O achado mais inovador desta tese é a demonstração de uma possível memória adaptativa cardiovascular ao calor: após a perda parcial das adaptações durante 10 dias sem exposição, apenas 5 dias de readaptação foram suficientes para recuperar parte relevante do fenótipo cardioprotetor, incluindo redução das arritmias, recuperação funcional e diminuição da área de infarto de aproximadamente 51% para 36,8%. Esses resultados indicam que um coração previamente condicionado responde mais rapidamente à reexposição térmica, fornecendo evidência funcional de que a terapia térmica pode estabelecer uma memória cardioprotetora capaz de ser reativada por uma carga térmica inferior àquela necessária para produzir a adaptação inicial. | pt_BR |
| dc.description.sponsorship | Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq | pt_BR |
| dc.description.sponsorship | Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES | pt_BR |
| dc.language | por | pt_BR |
| dc.publisher | Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro | pt_BR |
| dc.subject | Estresse térmico | pt_BR |
| dc.subject | Termotolerância cardíaca | pt_BR |
| dc.subject | Terapia térmica | pt_BR |
| dc.subject | Função cardiovascular | pt_BR |
| dc.subject | Heat stress | pt_BR |
| dc.subject | Cardiac thermotolerance | pt_BR |
| dc.subject | Heat therapy | pt_BR |
| dc.subject | Cardiovascular function | pt_BR |
| dc.title | Influência da adaptação prévia a ambientes com altas temperaturas na resposta adaptativa cardíaca e vascular à exposições subsequentes ao calor | pt_BR |
| dc.title.alternative | Influence of prior adaptation to high-temperature environments on cardiac and vascular adaptive responses to subsequent heat exposure | en |
| dc.type | Tese | pt_BR |
| dc.description.abstractOther | The increase in environmental temperature and in the frequency and intensity of heat waves represents a growing challenge to cardiovascular health, highlighting the need to identify non- pharmacological strategies capable of increasing physiological tolerance to extreme thermal exposure. In this context, the present study investigated whether heat therapy (HT) through passive hot-water immersion induces cardiac and vascular adaptations that persist after withdrawal of the thermal stimulus and can be recovered more rapidly upon subsequent exposure, thereby characterizing a potential phenomenon of cardiovascular adaptive memory. Adult Wistar rats, 60 days old and weighing 250–300 g, were subjected to different heat-exposure protocols. The thermotolerance experiments compared control animals (CTR), animals subjected to 5 days of HT (HT5), and animals subjected to 10 days of HT (HT10; n = 10/group), whereas the main adaptive- memory experiment comprised CTR, HT10, HT10 followed by a 10-day decay period (HT10+Decay10), and heat readaptation after the decay period (HRA; n = 15/group). Heart rate variability was also assessed (n = 8). Additionally, the potential transfer of cardioprotection through a factor present in the coronary effluent was investigated in control animals (n = 5), animals adapted by hot-water immersion (HWI; n = 5), and sedentary animals receiving coronary effluent collected from conditioned hearts (EFF; n = 10). Colonic temperature (Tcol), electrocardiography and heart rate variability, susceptibility to arrhythmias, ventricular function in isolated hearts using the Langendorff technique, hematocrit, plasma volume, infarct size, and vascular reactivity were assessed. Repeated heat exposure induced thermoregulatory adaptations that were dependent on the duration of the stimulus. In the adaptive-memory experiment, Tcol showed a significant overall difference (H(7) = 36.09; p < 0.0001); after the intervention, HT10 exhibited a lower Tcol than CTR (p < 0.01) and a reduction relative to its own baseline values (p < 0.001). Discontinuation of HT for 10 days attenuated this response, whereas heat-readapted animals (HRA) again exhibited a reduction in Tcol after readaptation (p < 0.05). In the thermotolerance experiment, a significant difference was also observed among CTR, HT5, and HT10 (F(2,27) = 5.83; p = 0.0076), with Tcol being lower after 10 days of HT compared with CTR (p = 0.01). Heart rate variability analysis demonstrated increased parasympathetic modulation, characterized by a higher HF component, lower LF component, and lower LF/HF ratio in HT10 compared with CTR and HT10+Decay10. After ix 10 days without thermal stimulation, the LF/HF ratio returned to values similar to those observed in controls, indicating a partial loss of autonomic adaptation. HT also induced marked cardiac electrical protection. During the thermal challenge, the CTR and HT10+Decay10 groups exhibited greater susceptibility to arrhythmic episodes than HT10 and HRA (H(3) = 45.55; p < 0.0001), demonstrating that 10 days of heat exposure reduced cardiac electrical vulnerability to heat and that part of this protective phenotype was restored after only 5 days of readaptation. During functional assessment of isolated hearts, the progressive increase in temperature from 37 to 40 °C resulted in deterioration of ventricular function in non-adapted animals. HT10 maintained higher left ventricular systolic pressure than CTR (p = 0.0219) and HT5 (p = 0.0086), showed better preservation of left ventricular end-diastolic pressure compared with CTR (p = 0.0186) and HT5 (p = 0.0475), and maintained greater stability of left ventricular developed pressure (LVDP) compared with CTR (p = 0.0485) and HT5 (p = 0.0426). Thus, 5 days of exposure were insufficient to fully reproduce the phenotype observed after 10 days, demonstrating a time-dependent relationship in the development of cardiac thermotolerance. In the decay and readaptation experiment, the thermal challenge involving an increase in perfusate temperature to 40 °C followed by a return to 37 °C demonstrated greater preservation of LVDP in HT10 during hyperthermia and recovery of contractile function after the temperature returned to 37 °C. Withdrawal of the thermal stimulus for 10 days resulted in a partial loss of this protection, whereas HRA showed an intermediate recovery of ventricular function despite receiving only 5 days of readaptation, i.e., half the duration originally required to induce the adapted phenotype. In parallel, an increase in plasma volume was observed in HT10 after the intervention (F(7,84) = 2.180; p = 0.044), without significant changes in hematocrit. The magnitude of cardioprotection was particularly evident in the analysis of myocardial injury. The CTR group exhibited an infarct size of 57.9 ± 1.7% (95% CI: 54.2–61.6%), whereas HT10 exhibited only 18.1 ± 1.8% (95% CI: 14.31–21.96%), corresponding to an approximately 69% reduction in infarct size. After the 10-day decay period, infarct size increased to 51.0 ± 1.6% (95% CI: 47.6–54.4%), although it remained lower than in CTR (p = 0.03). Notably, only 5 days of readaptation again reduced myocardial injury: HRA exhibited an infarct size of 36.8 ± 1.8% (95% CI: 32.9–40.7%), which was significantly lower than CTR (p < 0.0001), demonstrating partial recovery of cardioprotection with a lower thermal load than that required to induce the initial adaptation. Vascular responses were also modulated by HT. Acetylcholine-induced endothelium- dependent relaxation differed among groups (F(3,19) = 5.1; p = 0.009), whereas the response to sodium nitroprusside showed no significant differences (p > 0.05), indicating preserved vascular smooth muscle relaxation capacity and suggesting that HT-induced modifications occurred predominantly at the endothelial level. Readaptation shifted the vascular response back toward the adapted pattern, further supporting the reversible and plastic nature of cardiovascular adaptations to heat. The results demonstrate that repeated heat therapy induces cardiovascular thermotolerance characterized by lower body temperature, favorable autonomic modulation, greater cardiac electrical stability, preservation of ventricular function, a marked reduction in myocardial injury, and modulation of vascular function. The most innovative finding of this thesis is the demonstration of a potential cardiovascular adaptive memory to heat: after partial loss of the adaptations during 10 days without thermal exposure, only 5 days of readaptation were sufficient to restore a substantial part of the cardioprotective phenotype, including reduced susceptibility to arrhythmias, functional recovery, and a reduction in infarct size from approximately 51% to 36.8%. These findings indicate that a previously heat-conditioned heart responds more rapidly to thermal re- exposure, providing functional evidence that heat therapy may establish a cardioprotective memory that can be reactivated by a lower thermal load than that required to induce the initial adaptation. | en |
| dc.contributor.advisor1 | Olivares, Emerson Lopes | - |
| dc.contributor.advisor1Lattes | http://lattes.cnpq.br/1361659701207857 | pt_BR |
| dc.contributor.advisor-co1 | Silveira, Anderson Luiz Bezerra da | - |
| dc.contributor.advisor-co1ID | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0862-5094 | pt_BR |
| dc.contributor.advisor-co1Lattes | http://lattes.cnpq.br/2389812933788850 | pt_BR |
| dc.contributor.advisor-co2 | Strauch, Marcelo Abrahão | - |
| dc.contributor.advisor-co2Lattes | http://lattes.cnpq.br/0645857923719246 | pt_BR |
| dc.contributor.referee1 | Olivares, Emerson Lopes | - |
| dc.contributor.referee1Lattes | http://lattes.cnpq.br/1361659701207857 | pt_BR |
| dc.contributor.referee2 | Cortes, Wellington da Silva | - |
| dc.contributor.referee2Lattes | http://lattes.cnpq.br/1305510562756172 | pt_BR |
| dc.contributor.referee3 | Souza, Ana Cláudia Ferreira | - |
| dc.contributor.referee3ID | https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5840-2641 | pt_BR |
| dc.contributor.referee3Lattes | http://lattes.cnpq.br/9375636564821511 | pt_BR |
| dc.contributor.referee4 | Malvar, David do Carmo | - |
| dc.contributor.referee4Lattes | http://lattes.cnpq.br/8466602928745919 | pt_BR |
| dc.contributor.referee5 | Mello, Danielli Braga de | - |
| dc.contributor.referee5ID | https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3609-0004 | pt_BR |
| dc.contributor.referee5Lattes | http://lattes.cnpq.br/4704514110960279 | pt_BR |
| dc.creator.ID | https://orcid.org/0009-0004-1994-9715 | pt_BR |
| dc.creator.Lattes | http://lattes.cnpq.br/3487007086052462 | pt_BR |
| dc.publisher.country | Brasil | pt_BR |
| dc.publisher.department | Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e Da Saúde | pt_BR |
| dc.publisher.initials | UFRRJ | pt_BR |
| dc.publisher.program | Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas | pt_BR |
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