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dc.contributor.authorAssunção, Shirlei Almeida
dc.date.accessioned2023-12-21T18:34:23Z-
dc.date.available2023-12-21T18:34:23Z-
dc.date.issued2020-02-18
dc.identifier.citationASSUNÇÃO, Shirlei Almeida. Caracterização química e funcional da matéria orgânica do solo e frações e formas de fósforo em diferentes sistemas de uso do solo. 2020. 60 f. Tese (Doutorado em Agronomia, Ciência do Solo) - Instituto de Agronomia, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, RJ, 2020.por
dc.identifier.urihttps://rima.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/20.500.14407/9097-
dc.description.abstractDevido a sua importância em solos de clima tropical, a matéria orgânica é considerada um importante indicador da qualidade do solo, influenciando na disponibilidade de fósforo (P) do solo, principalmente em solos oxídicos. O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar as alterações na estrutura química e funcional da matéria orgânica do solo (MOS) e avaliar como as formas de fósforo em função da mineralogia do solo e das formas de uso. Foram estudados três sistemas: sistema plantio direto (SPD), sistema de preparo convencional (SPC) e pastagem permanente (PA ou P). Uma área de floresta adjacente a estas foi usada como condição natural do solo. Foram quantificados os teores de carbono orgânico total (COT), o carbono oxidável com permanganato de potássio, os estoques de carbono orgânico total (EstCOT) e nitrogênio total (EstN), as frações químicas e densimétricas da MOS, a abundância natural de 13C, caracterização espectroscópica com uso de 13C-RMN CP/MAS na fração ácido húmico (AH); fósforo remanescente (P-rem), fósforo disponível (PD), fósforo total (PT) e 31P-RMN CP/MAS no ácido húmico (AH), além das formas de ferro e alumínio: ferro solúvel (Fe-S), ferro ditionito (Fe-D),alumínio ditionito (Al-D), ferro oxalato (Fe-O) e alumínio oxalato (Al- O). Os resultados mostraram que na área de floresta (F) foram quantificados elevados teores de C orgânico em superfície (frações químicas e densimétricas), e AH predominantemente alifático. Na SPD, apesar do constante aporte de biomassa ao solo, observa-se baixa ocorrência de estruturas alifáticas nos AH, indicando maior mineralização do carbono. Na área de pastagem verifica-se a formação de AH semelhantes aos observados na área de F. Já no SPC constatou-se menor incorporação das frações químicas e densimétricas, estoque de COT e NT e a formação de AH distintos estruturalmente em comparação com as outras áreas. É possível afirmar que os sistemas pouco manejados e mais estabilizados em clima tropical propiciam a formação de AH com semelhança composicional e estrutural independente da origem do carbono (C3 e C4). Nas áreas de SPD e SPC, foram observados AH diferentes estruturalmente em comparação as áreas de pastagem e F. Os resultados do capítulo II demonstram que na área de uso com pastagem foram quantificados os maiores teores das formas de ferro (baixa e alta cristalinidade). Maiores teores de P disponível foram quantificados na área de SPD e de pastagem em todas as camadas e maiores teores de fósforo total nas camadas de 0-0,05 m, devido aos maiores toeres de matéria orgânica. Os teores de P- Rem foram baixos e semelhantes em todas as áreas, indicando um elevado poder tampão do solo. Não houve relação entre a disponibilidade de P e as formas de Fe e Al do solo. Os espectros de 31P-NMR CP/MAS na fração AH mostraram predomínio de formas orgânicas de P. O uso com pastagem favoreceu o acúmulo de P-diéster. Na área de F houve a incorporação de nucleotídeos tipo açúcares e nas áreas de SPC e SPD, as estruturas de P-monoéstrer se acumularam em maior quantidade. A maior intensidade de cultivo parece favorecer as estruturas de P orgânico mais recalcitrantes, indicando, portanto, que os sistemas de cultivo com SPD e SPC propiciam a manutenção de forma de P menos lábeis. Os resultados indicam que o uso do solo modifica a estrutura química e funcional da MOS e as formas de Fe e Al, porém não foi observada relação entre as formas de Fe e Al e a disponibilidade de P.por
dc.description.sponsorshipCAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superiorpor
dc.description.sponsorshipFAPERJ - Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiropor
dc.formatapplication/pdf*
dc.languageporpor
dc.publisherUniversidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiropor
dc.rightsAcesso Abertopor
dc.subjectFrações densimétricaspor
dc.subjectSubstâncias húmicaspor
dc.subjectBalanço de carbonopor
dc.subjectClima tropicalpor
dc.subject13C-RMN CP/MASpor
dc.subjectSoil organic mattereng
dc.subjectHumic substanceseng
dc.subjectCarbon balanceeng
dc.subjectTropical climateeng
dc.subjectWeatheringpor
dc.titleCaracterização química e funcional da matéria orgânica do solo e frações e formas de fósforo em diferentes sistemas de uso do solopor
dc.title.alternativeChemical and functional characterization of soil organic matter and fractions and forms of phosphorus in different land use systemseng
dc.typeTesepor
dc.description.abstractOtherDue to its importance in soils with a tropical climate, organic matter is considered an important indicator of soil quality. In addition to having a direct influence on the phosphorus (P) soil availability (P), especially in oxidic soils. The aim of this study was to evaluate changes in the chemical and functional structure of soil organic matter (SOM) and to evaluate how phosphorus forms depend on the soil mineralogy and the land use forms. Three systems were studied: no-tillage system (SPD), conventional tillage system (SPC) and permanent pasture (PA or P). An adjacent forest area was used as a natural soil condition. Total organic carbon (COT), oxidizable carbon determinate with potassium permanganate, total organic carbon (EstCOT) and total nitrogen (EstN) stocks, SOM chemical and densimetric fractions, natural 13C abundance were quantified, spectroscopic characterization using 13C-NMR CP / MAS in the humic acid (HA) fraction; phosphorus in equilibrium solution (P-rem), available phosphorus (PD), total phosphorus (PT) and 31P-NMR CP / MAS in humic acid (AH), in addition to the forms of iron and aluminum: soluble iron (Fe-S), iron dithionite (Fe-D), aluminum dithionite (Al-D), iron oxalate (Fe-O) and aluminum oxalate (Al-O). The results showed that in the forest area (F) high levels organic C (chemical and densimetric fractions) were quantified in superficial layer, and predominantly aliphatic HA were quantified. In SPD, despite the constant supply of biomass to the soil, there is a low occurrence of aliphatic structures in HA, indicating greater carbon mineralization. In the pasture area, there is the HA formation similar to those observed in the forest area. In the SPC, less incorporation of chemical and densimetric fractions, TOC and TN stock and the HA formation were found to be structurally different compared to the others. areas. It is possible to affirm that the more stabilized systems in tropical climate provide the formation of HA with compositional and structural similarity regardless of the carbon origin (C3 and C4). In SPD and SPC areas structurally different HA were observed in comparison to pasture areas and F. The results of Chapter II show that in the pasture area, the highest levels of iron forms (low and high crystallinity) were quantified. Higher levels of available P were quantified in the SPD and pasture area in all layers and higher levels of total phosphorus in 0-0.05 m layer, due to the higher toers of organic matter. The levels of P-Rem were low and similar in all areas, indicating a high buffer power of the soil. There was no relationship between P availability and soil Fe and Al forms. The spectra of 31P-NMR CP / MAS in the AH fraction showed a predominance of organic forms of P. The use with pasture favored the accumulation of P- diester. In the forest area there was the incorporation of nucleotides like sugars and in the areas of SPC and SPD, the structures of P-monoestrus accumulated in greater quantity. The higher cultivation intensity seems to favor the more recalcitrant organic P structures, indicating, therefore, that the cultivation systems with SPD and SPC provide the maintenance of less labile P form. The results of this study indicate that the use of the soil modifies the chemical and functional height of the SOM and the forms of Fe and Al, however there was no relationship between the forms of Fe and Al with the availability of P.eng
dc.contributor.advisor1Pereira, Marcos Gervasio
dc.contributor.advisor1ID874.292.767-68por
dc.contributor.advisor1Latteshttp://lattes.cnpq.br/3657759682534978por
dc.contributor.advisor-co1García, Andrés Caldérin
dc.contributor.advisor-co2Rosset, Jean Sérgio
dc.contributor.referee1Pereira, Marcos Gervasio
dc.contributor.referee2Campos, David Vilas Boas de
dc.contributor.referee3Torres, José Luiz Rodrigues
dc.contributor.referee4Alves, Bruno José Rodrigues
dc.contributor.referee5Loss, Arcângelo
dc.creator.ID077.002.186-76por
dc.creator.Latteshttp://lattes.cnpq.br/3592454473382052por
dc.publisher.countryBrasilpor
dc.publisher.departmentInstituto de Agronomiapor
dc.publisher.initialsUFRRJpor
dc.publisher.programPrograma de Pós-Graduação em Agronomia - Ciência do Solopor
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dc.subject.cnpqAgronomiapor
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