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Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://rima.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/20.500.14407/9151
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dc.contributor.authorSalgado, Lucero Sarabia
dc.date.accessioned2023-12-21T18:34:59Z-
dc.date.available2023-12-21T18:34:59Z-
dc.date.issued2019-02-21
dc.identifier.citationSALGADO, Lucero Sarabia. Dinâmica de N e emissões de N2O e CH4 do solo sob pastagem de capim estrela e em sistema silvipastoril com leucena para produção leiteira. 2019. 55 f. Tese (Doutorado em Agronomia, Ciência do Solo) - Instituto de Agronomia, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, RJ, 2019.por
dc.identifier.urihttps://rima.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/20.500.14407/9151-
dc.description.abstractNa região sudeste do México a pecuária convencional é conduzida sob pastagem exclusiva de gramíneas, sendo as espécies mais comuns as nativas ou as africanas, com a produção de biomassa sendo limitada pela sazonalidade da chuva e baixa fertilidade do solo. Em sistemas de produção animal, a degradação da pastagem está frequentemente associada ao esgotamento de N do solo, sendo necessária a reposição do nutriente. Para o estabelecimento de pastagens mais produtivas nessas áreas, sistemas silvipastoris (SPS) têm sido recomendados, especialmente com uso de leguminosas arbóreas, porém são ainda pouco estudados acerca do impacto sobre o ciclo do nitrogênio. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi quantificar as mudanças nos fluxos de N no sistema solo/planta/animal e nas emissões de gases de efeito estufa pela utilização de um SPS, formado com leguminosas (Leucaena leucocephala) e pasto de capim estrela (Cynodon nlemfuensis), tendo como referência a pastagem em monocultura de C. nlemfuensis (SM). A oferta de forragem foi quantificada nos dois sistemas assim como o teor de proteína bruta (PB). A fixação biológica de nitrogênio (FBN) para leucena foi quantificada utilizando-se a técnica da abundância natural de 15N. Durante o período experimental (casa sete dias), a massa seca de liteira existente foi quantificada por meio da coleta de três amostras por piquete. A constante de decomposição da liteira, ou de mineralização do N, também foi estimada. A produção fecal foi estimada com o uso do indicador de óxido de cromo, coletando-se as fezes por seis dias após período de adaptação. A produção de urina foi quantificada pela técnica de creatinina simultaneamente com a produção fecal. A quantificação das emissões de CH4 e N2O do solo foi feita após deposição das excretas bovinas dentro de uma área de pastagem de capim-estrela utilizando-se câmaras estáticas fechadas. As excretas utilizadas foram coletadas de animais mantidos na área de capim-estrela e de animais da área do sistema silvipastoril com leucena, e aplicados frescos nas parcelas para avaliar os fluxos de gases de efeito estufa (N2O e CH4). A produção média de leite para as duas épocas do ano foi semelhante nos dois sistemas, com 7,1 e 6,3 kg por UA (1 UA = 450 kg peso vivo) dia-1 para SM e SPS, respectivamente. O consumo médio de N pelos animais nas duas épocas foi de 171,9 e 215,7 g N por UA dia-1 para SM e SPS, respectivamente, destacando a importância da leguminosa no suprimento de proteína para os animais. O N depositado nos excrementos animais (138, 1 e 184,9 g N por UA dia-1 para SM e SPS, respectivamente) foi maior nas fezes do que na urina. Os fluxos de N2O mostraram-se maiores no SM, com picos de 1623, 9 e 755,9 ug N-N2O m-2 h-1 para SM e SPS, respectivamente, sendo originados do tratamento urina. Os maiores fatores de emissão direta (FE) de N2O foram observados na época de chuvas, quando a desnitrificação é favorecida, sendo de 0,05 e 0,01% para o tratamento de fezes, e 0,52 e 0,17% para o tratamento de urina, em SM e SPS, respectivamente. Concluiu-se que a presença da leguminosa em SPS permite manter a produção de leite observada no SM fertilizado com N, porém com menor intensidade de emissão de N2O, contribuindo para a sustentabilidade na produção pecuária.por
dc.description.sponsorshipCAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superiorpor
dc.formatapplication/pdf*
dc.languageporpor
dc.publisherUniversidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiropor
dc.rightsAcesso Abertopor
dc.subjectConsumo animalpor
dc.subjectQualidade de forragempor
dc.subjectProdução de leitepor
dc.subjectBalanço de Nitrogêniopor
dc.subjectEmissões de N2Opor
dc.subjectAnimal intakeeng
dc.subjectForage qualityeng
dc.subjectMilk productioneng
dc.subjectNitrogen Balanceeng
dc.subjectN2O Emissionseng
dc.titleDinâmica de N e emissões de N2O e CH4 do solo sob pastagem de capim estrela e em sistema silvipastoril com leucena para produção leiteirapor
dc.title.alternativeN dynamics and N2O and CH4 emissions of soil under star grass pasture and silvopastoral system with leucaena for dairy productioneng
dc.typeTesepor
dc.description.abstractOtherIn the southeast region of Mexico, conventional livestock is the most common monoculture system, where the main species are native grasses or African grasses, with the biomass production being limited by rainfall seasonality and low soil fertility. In animal production systems, pasture degradation is associated with N depletion of soil, requiring nutrient replacement. For the establishment of more productive pastures in these areas, silvopastoral systems (SPS) have been recommended, especially with the use of tree legumes, but are still little studied about the impact on the nitrogen cycle. Thus, the objective of this work was to quantify N fluxes in the soil / plant / animal system as a means of comparing the sustainability of an SPS with legumes (Leucaena leucocephala) and grass stargrass (Cynodon nlemfuensis) with monoculture pastures with the same grass (SM). Forage yield quantified from the total grass and legume biomass in silvopastoral system and grass pasture monoculture. Crude protein was performed as the AOAC protocol. Biological nitrogen fixation (FBN) for leucena was quantified using the 15N natural abundance technique. During the experimental period, the litterfall was quantified by collecting three samples per picket. The litter decomposition and N mineralization constant was estimated. Feces production was estimated using the chromium oxide indicator. The collected feces were subsequently dried, and a composed samples from the six days of collection were sent to the laboratory to determine the concentration of chromium oxide using atomic absorption spectroscopy. The urine production was evaluated by creatinine technique. Quantification of soil CH4 and N2O emissions was evaluated after deposition of bovine dung and urine in a star grass pasture soils. The dung used was collected from animals kept in the area of stargrass and animals from the area of the silvopastoral system with leucena, and applied in fresh to the plots (one chamber per patch). Livestock were excluded from grazing the experimental area. The average milk yield for the two seasons was similar in both systems, with 7.1 and 6.3 kg per UA (1 UA = 450 kg live weight) day-1 for SM and SPS, respectively. The mean N intake by the animals in the two seasons was 171.9 and 215.7 g N per UA day-1 for SM and SPS, respectively, highlighting the importance of the legume in the supply of protein to the animals. The N deposited in the animal faeces (138, 1 and 184.9 g N per UA day-1 for SM and SPS, respectively) was higher in faeces than in urine. N2O fluxes were higher in SM, with peaks of 1623, 9 and 755.9 ug N-N2O m-2 h-1 for SM and SPS, respectively, originating from the urine treatment. The highest direct emission factors (FE) of N2O were observed in the rainy season, when denitrification was favored, being 0.05 and 0.01% for feces treatment, and 0.52 and 0.17% for the treatment of urine, in SM and SPS, respectively. In the dry season, FE was lower. It is concluded that the presence of legume in SPS allows to maintain the milk production observed in SM, fertilized with N, but with lower intensity of N2O emission, contributing to the sustainability in livestock production.eng
dc.contributor.advisor1Alves, Bruno José Rodrigues
dc.contributor.advisor1ID681.282.827-00por
dc.contributor.advisor-co1Boddey, Robert Michael
dc.contributor.referee1Alves, Bruno José Rodrigues
dc.contributor.referee2Araújo, Adelson Paulo de
dc.contributor.referee3Caballero, Segundo Sacramento Urquiaga
dc.contributor.referee4Sanchez, Francisco Javier Solorio
dc.contributor.referee5Martins, Marcio Dos Reis
dc.creator.ID072.161.541-42por
dc.creator.Latteshttp://lattes.cnpq.br/2512476212198363por
dc.publisher.countryBrasilpor
dc.publisher.departmentInstituto de Agronomiapor
dc.publisher.initialsUFRRJpor
dc.publisher.programPrograma de Pós-Graduação em Agronomia - Ciência do Solopor
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