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dc.contributor.authorNeves, Leonardo Mitrano
dc.date.accessioned2023-12-21T18:36:09Z-
dc.date.available2023-12-21T18:36:09Z-
dc.date.issued2013-04-30
dc.identifier.citationNEVES, Leonardo Mitrano. Estrutura e diversidade das assembleias de peixes recifais na Baía da Ilha Grande: importância de variáveis físicas, da estrutura do habitat e variações temporais de curto prazo. 2013. 104 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Biologia Animal) - Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, 2013.por
dc.identifier.urihttps://rima.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/20.500.14407/9210-
dc.description.abstractAs assembleias de peixes recifais variam através de gradientes de mudanças extremas nas condições ambientais, tanto espaciais (ao longo de gradientes de distância da foz de rios) quanto em escalas temporais curtas (ao longo do ciclo diário de intensidade luminosa). Além disto, variações em resposta ao nível de heterogeneidade do habitat também podem ocorrer, mesmo entre recifes rochosos situados fora de intensos gradientes ambientais. Entender como as assembleias de peixes respondem a tais mudanças é fundamental para identificar variáveis determinantes dos padrões espaciais e predizer como impactos de grande e pequena intensidade podem afetar os padrões de diversidade. Os principais objetivos deste estudo foram: (1) determinar a influência de variáveis físicas (distância da foz do rio e exposição a ondas), biológicas (cobertura bêntica) e estruturais (altura do substrato e número de refúgios) na estruturação das assembleias de peixes, riqueza de espécies, abundância, biomassa e diversidade dos grupos tróficos; (2) avaliar as mudanças ao longo do ciclo diário na composição e estrutura da assembleia de peixes recifais; (3) relacionar a variação na composição de espécies (beta diversidade) com a heterogeneidade do habitat, para uma pequena escala (entre transectos de uma mesma área), e as relações entre a beta diversidade e medidas de diversidade alfa (riqueza de espécies, estimativa da riqueza e diversidade de Shannon). Para tal, censos visuais subaquáticos foram realizados (1) em costões rochosos da baía da Ilha Grande, em ilhas localizadas através de um gradiente de distância da foz de rios; (2) em seis diferentes horários, compreendendo o amanhecer (06:00h), manhã (08:30h), tarde (14:00h), anoitecer (17:30h) e início da noite (19:30h) e noite (21:00h) em dois recifes rochosos rasos; e (3) em transectos de quatro áreas para avaliar diversidade beta. Avaliações da estrutura do habitat (cobertura bêntica e complexidade topográfica) foram realizadas (para objetivos 1 e 3). A distância da foz do rio explicou entre 12,4% a 38,2% da estimativa dos componentes de variação (ECV) da PERMANOVA de todas as variáveis respostas analisadas, desempenhando um papel principal nos padrões espaciais da assembleia de peixes. Diferenças entre recifes próximos e distantes da foz atingiram um máximo de até 4,5x para a riqueza, 11x para a biomassa e 10x para a abundância. A altura do substrato foi positivamente relacionada com a abundância de peixes, riqueza de espécies e diversidade dos grupos tróficos (ECV entre 7,3% a 17,4%), enquanto o número de refúgios foi associado positivamente com a abundância de espécies de pequeno porte, como Stegastes fuscus, Emblemariopsis signifer e Scartella cristata. O efeito da cobertura bêntica foi significativo em determinar os padrões espaciais da estrutura da assembleia de peixes e da diversidade dos grupos tróficos (ECV = 8% e 10%, respectivamente), porém não foram observadas influências significativas da cobertura bêntica na riqueza de espécies, biomassa e abundância. A exposição às ondas teve um efeito significativo apenas para a estrutura da assembleia de peixes (ECV = 10%). As assembleias de peixes variaram drasticamente ao longo do ciclo diário. A riqueza de espécies e a abundância de peixes foram maiores durante os horários do dia, com valores intermediários nos horários crepusculares e atingiram os menores valores durante a noite. Maiores diferenças na estrutura da assembleia foram observadas entre o período diurno e noturno. Durante a noite, as famílias Sciaenidae, representado por Pareques acuminatus, e Pempheridae vii representado por Pempheris schomburgkii foram mais abundantes, enquanto Haemulidae Haemulon steindachneri, Pomacentridae Abudefduf saxatilis, Chaetodondidae Chaetodon striatus, e Labrisomidae Malacoctenus delalandii foram abundantes durante o dia. Os horários crepusculares foram semelhantes entre si, sendo caracterizados por espécies tanto dos horários do dia (H. steindachneri, M. acutirostris) quanto da noite (P. acuminatus), refletindo esse período de transição. Relações positivas significativas foram detectadas entre a heterogeneidade do habitat e a beta diversidade. A área com habitat mais homogêneo e de menor variação na composição da assembleia foi dominada por organismos tridimensionalmente pouco complexos (zoantídeos), enquanto a áreas que apresentaram algas frondosas, matriz de algas epilíticas (MAE) e zoantídeos com uma percentagem de cobertura mais equitativa, tiveram a maior heterogeneidade do habitat e beta diversidade. Para todas as medidas de diversidade alfa utilizadas, a área com habitat mais heterogêneo e com maior beta diversidade, apresentou uma diversidade alfa maior do que a área com habitat mais homogêneo e de menor beta diversidade. Entretanto, as relações positivas entre a beta diversidade e a diversidade alfa foram significativas apenas para a riqueza de espécies, e não para a estimativa da riqueza e a diversidade de Shannon. Este estudo demonstrou que variações nas assembleias em escalas espaciais e temporais curtas (desde entre transectos até 10 km, e ao longo do ciclo diário) podem ser atribuídas a mudanças na estrutura dos habitats locais, tanto na composição dos organismos bentônicos dominantes quanto na heterogeneidade do habitat e podem ser associadas a características comportamentais principalmente associadas a estratégias de obtenção de alimento e proteção contra predaçãopor
dc.description.sponsorshipCNPq - Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológicopor
dc.formatapplication/pdf*
dc.languageporpor
dc.publisherUniversidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiropor
dc.rightsAcesso Abertopor
dc.subjectictiofaunapor
dc.subjectmudanças ambientais extremaspor
dc.subjectciclo diáriopor
dc.subjectdiversidade betapor
dc.subjectichthyofaunaeng
dc.subjectextreme environmental changeseng
dc.subjectdiel cycleeng
dc.subjectbeta diversityeng
dc.titleEstrutura e diversidade das assembleias de peixes recifais na Baía da Ilha Grande: importância de variáveis físicas, da estrutura do habitat e variações temporais de curto prazopor
dc.title.alternativeStructure and diversity of rocky reef fish assemblages of the Ilha Grande bay: importance of physical variables, habitat structure and short term temporal changeseng
dc.typeDissertaçãopor
dc.description.abstractOtherRocky reef fish assemblages change along extreme environmental conditions gradients; both spatial (across gradients of distance from the river mouths) and short term temporal (diel cycle of light intensity). Moreover, changes in connection to habitat heterogeneity can occur, even for tropical rocky reefs with a more homogenous habitat structure. Knowledge of the way that fish assemblages respond to these changes is fundamental to identify the variables that determine spatial patterns and to predict how impacts in great or low intensity can affect diversity. The main aims of this study were: (1) to determine influence of physical (distance from river mouth and wave exposure), biological (benthic cover) and structural (substratum height and number of shelters) variables in structuring fish assemblages, species richness, abundance, biomass and trophic groups diversity; (2) to assess diel changes in composition and structure of fish assemblages; (3) to relate changes in species composition (beta diversity) with habitat heterogeneity for a small scale (among transects in a given area), and the relationship between beta and alfa diversity (species richness, richness estimation and Shannon diversity). Subaquatic visual census were carried out in Ilha Grande coastal reefs, encompassing (1) islands distributed along a spatial gradient of distance from river mouth; (2) six different time periods, i.e., sunrise (06:00h), morning (08:30h), afternoon (14:00h), sunset (17:30h), early night (19:30h) and night (21:00h) in two shallow coastal reef; and (3) in transect in four areas to assess beta biodiversity. Habitat structure (benthic cover and topographic complexity) assessment was performed (objectives 1 and 3). The distance from river mouth explained from 12.4% to 38.2% of the estimated components of variation (ECV) of PERMANOVA for all analyzed response variables, playing a major role in determining spatial patterns of fish assemblages. Differences between reefs close and far from river mouth reached a maximum of 4.5x for richness, 11x for biomass and 10x for abundance. The substrate height was positively related to fish abundance, species richness and trophic groups diversity (ECV between 7.3 % and 17.4%), whereas the number of shelters was positively associated to small-sized species abundance such as Stegastes fuscus, Emblemariopsis signifer and Scartella cristata. Benthic cover had significant influence to determine spatial pattern in fish assemblage structure and diversity of trophic groups (ECV = 8% and 10%, respectively), but not in species richness, biomass and fish abundance. Wave exposure had significant influence on fish assemblage structure only (ECV = 10%). The fish assemblage changes drastically along diel cycle. Species richness and fish abundance were at the highest during the period of the day with intermediary values at twilight periods, and at the lowest during the night. The highest difference in assemblage structure was found between the periods of the day and the night. The families Sciaenidae, mainly represented by Pareques acuminatus, and Pempheridae represented by Pempheris schomburgkii were more abundant during the night, whereas Haemulidae Haemulon steindachneri, Pomacentridae Abudefduf saxatilis, Chaetodondidae Chaetodon striatus, and Labrisomidae Malacoctenus delalandii were more abundant during the day. The twilight periods were similar in assemblage structure, and had as characteristics species of the day (H. steindachneri, M. acutirostris) and the night (P. acuminatus), reflecting a transitional period. Significant positive relationship was detected between habitat heterogeneity and beta diversity. The area with more ix homogeneous habitat and low variation in fish assemblage was dominated by little threedimensionally complex organisms (zoanthids), while areas that had fleshy algae, turf and zoanthids with a more even percentage cover had higher heterogeneity and beta diversity. For all measures of examined alfa diversity, the area with more heterogeneous habitat and with the highest beta diversity had the highest alfa diversity compared with areas with more homogenous habitat e lowest beta diversity. However, positive relationship between alfa and beta diversity was significant for species richness, but not for estimate of richness and Shannon index. This study demonstrated that changes in assemblages in spatial and short term (from transects to 10 km, and diel cycle) scales may be attributed to changes in local habitat structure, both composition of dominant benthic organisms and habitat heterogeneity and can be associated to behavioral characteristics mainly related to strategies of food acquirement and protection against predationeng
dc.contributor.advisor1Araújo, Francisco Gerson
dc.contributor.advisor1ID040.983.233-20por
dc.contributor.advisor1Latteshttp://lattes.cnpq.br/7898069293489622por
dc.contributor.referee1Francini-Filho, Ronaldo Bastos
dc.contributor.referee2Gibran, Fernando Zaniolo
dc.contributor.referee3Monteiro Neto, Cassiano
dc.contributor.referee4Coutinho, Ricardo
dc.creator.ID094.318.907-12por
dc.creator.Latteshttp://lattes.cnpq.br/9490750242360258por
dc.publisher.countryBrasilpor
dc.publisher.departmentInstituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúdepor
dc.publisher.initialsUFRRJpor
dc.publisher.programPrograma de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animalpor
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