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dc.contributor.authorFerreira, Fernanda Silva
dc.date.accessioned2023-12-21T18:37:11Z-
dc.date.available2023-12-21T18:37:11Z-
dc.date.issued2019-04-15
dc.identifier.citationFERREIRA, Fernanda Silva. Efeito protetor da salsa (Petroselinum crispum) (Mill.) Nym. e cebolinha (Allium schoenoprasum L) como antioxidantes naturais sobre a oxidação lipídica em sardinhas preparadas termicamente. 2019. 155 f. Tese (Doutorado em Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos) - Instituto de Tecnologia, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica - RJ, 2019.por
dc.identifier.urihttps://rima.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/20.500.14407/9292-
dc.description.abstractDentre a diversidade de peixes marinhos presentes nas regiões Sudeste e Sul do Brasil, a sardinha brasileira (Sardinella brasiliensis) é o recurso pesqueiro mais importante, devido ao seu valor nutricional e baixo custo. Além do alto valor biológico das proteínas que as compõe, este pescado também se destaca por conter significativas concentrações de ácidos graxos poli-insaturados da série n-3, os quais a conferem características nutricionais e funcionais apreciáveis, com diversos efeitos benéficos à saúde. Apesar dessas características desejáveis, a sardinha também contém elevados teores de colesterol, que juntamente com ácidos graxos poli-insaturados são altamente susceptíveis à oxidação lipídica, quando expostos ao processamento térmico a altas temperaturas, induzindo a termo-oxidação do colesterol, formando os produtos de oxidação de colesterol (POCs). Os POCS têm sido associados ao desenvolvimento de enfermidades coronarianas, aterosclerose e outras doenças crônicas e degenerativas. Assim, estudos sobre técnicas alternativas no preparo térmico de pescado, em combinação com fontes alternativas de antioxidantes naturais, são necessários para garantir a qualidade e segurança na ingestão desses alimentos. Essa pesquisa teve como objetivo principal avaliar a composição química, identificar os compostos fenólicos, avaliar a capacidade antioxidante in vitro e a capacidade de sequestro de radicais livres in vivo, das ervas aromáticas orgânicas, salsa e cebolinha e sua mistura, denominada cheiro-verde. Como também avaliar a eficácia das adições dessas ervas culinárias como antioxidantes naturais, reduzindo a degradação de lipídios e a formação de produtos da oxidação durante o tratamento térmico de filés de sardinhas processadas termicamente por panela do tipo air-fryer e grill elétrico, justificando assim a realização deste trabalho. Os resultados da caracterização química das ervas estudadas indicam que as mesmas podem ser consideradas como fonte de fibras e minerais. Os principais ácidos graxos foram identificados (g/100g de óleo); os ácidos palmítico (C16:0), ecoisenóico (C20:1 n-9), linoleico (C18:2 n-6) e ácido alfa-linolênico (C18:3 n-3), e como principais fitosteróis os compostos brassicasterol, β-sitosterol, estigmasterol, campesterol, além do 7 cetoestigmasterol. As amostras das ervas culinárias apresentaram consideráveis teores de conteúdo fenólicos (mg GAE/g), flavonoides (mg de quercetina equivalente (QE)/g) e carotenóides totais (μg/g). Nesse estudo, também foram identificados por UPLC-ESI-MS 24 compostos fenólicos nos extratos (80:20) metanol/água nas amostras de salsa, cebolinha e cheiro-verde, dentre os quais, destacaram o ácido protocatecuico, luteolina, kaempferol, quercetina e ácido ferúlico. As ervas aromáticas também apresentaram um bom desempenho em relação às propriedades antioxidantes in vitro; DPPH variou de 51,59 a 54,92%; ABTS de 5,12 a 8,29 (μmol TE/g) e FRAP de 6,33 a 8,32 (μmol TE/g). Os testes dos compostos bioativos presentes nos extratos das ervas aromáticas apresentaram ação antioxidante nas leveduras (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), reduzindo os efeitos do estresse oxidativo causado pelo peróxido de hidrogênio. Este estudo foi o primeiro a avaliar a formação de produtos de óxidos de colesterol (POCs) em filés de sardinha processadas termicamente utilizando a fritadeira, sem óleo, air-fryer. Os resultados dois processos térmicos, air-fryer e grill, elétrico, mostraram impacto significativo nos teores de AGPIs n-3, perdas nos teores de colesterol e aumento dos níveis de POCs nas amostras de sardinhas controle. Em contrapartida, foram testados a adição de ervas frescas, salsa, cebolinha e cheiro verde, nos níveis de 2 e 4%, nas sardinhas submetidas ao calor, mostrando-se eficazes como antioxidantes naturais na preservação dos níveis de colesterol e AGPIs, especialmente, os ácidos eicosapentaenoico (EPA) e docosaexaenoico (DHA), e na redução dos níveis totais de POCs. As adições de 4% de salsa e 4% de cheiro verde mostraram-se as mais efetivas contra a oxidação lipídica das sardinhas tratadas termicamente. Sugerindo, assim, um provável efeito sinérgico entre os compostos antioxidantes presentes na salsa e na cebolinha. Desta forma, conclui-se que as ervas culinárias avaliadas neste estudo podem ser consideradas como fontes de antioxidantes naturais alternativas a serem utilizadas na inibição de oxidação lipídica durante o preparo térmico de sardinhas.por
dc.description.sponsorshipCAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superiorpor
dc.formatapplication/pdf*
dc.languageporpor
dc.publisherUniversidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiropor
dc.rightsAcesso Abertopor
dc.subjectOxidação lipídicapor
dc.subjectAntioxidantes naturaispor
dc.subjectColesterolpor
dc.titleEfeito protetor da salsa (Petroselinum crispum) (Mill.) Nym. e cebolinha (Allium schoenoprasum L) como antioxidantes naturais sobre a oxidação lipídica em sardinhas preparadas termicamentepor
dc.title.alternativeProtective effect of salsa (Petroselinum crispum) (Mill.) Nym. and chives (Allium Schoenoprasum L) as natural antioxidants on lipid oxidation in sardines prepared thermallyeng
dc.typeTesepor
dc.description.abstractOtherAmong the diversity of marine fish present in the Southeastern and Southern regions of Brazil, the Brazilian sardine (Sardinella brasiliensis) is the most important fishing resource due to its nutritional value and low cost. In addition to the high biological value of the proteins, this fish also stands out due to the significant concentrations of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, which confer significant nutritional and functional characteristics with several beneficial effects on health. Despite these desirable characteristics, sardines also contain high levels of cholesterol, which together with polyunsaturated fatty acids are highly susceptible to lipid oxidation, when exposed to thermal processing at high temperatures, inducing thermo-oxidation of cholesterol, forming the products of oxidation of cholesterol (COPs). COPs have been associated with the development of coronary diseases, atherosclerosis, and other chronic and degenerative diseases. Thus, studies on alternative techniques in the thermal preparation of fish, in combination with alternative sources of natural antioxidants are necessary to guarantee the quality and safety in the ingestion of these foods The objective of this research was to evaluate the chemical composition, to identify the phenolic compounds, to evaluate the in vitro antioxidant capacity and the in vivo free radical scavenging capacity, organic aromatic herbs, parsley and chives and their mixture, called cheiro-verde. As well as evaluating the efficacy of the additions of these culinary herbs as natural antioxidants, reducing lipid degradation and the formation of oxidation products during the heat treatment of fillets of sardines processed thermally by air-fryer pan and electric grill, thus justifying the accomplishment of this work. The results of the chemical characterization of the studied herbs indicate that they can be considered as a source of fibers and minerals. The main fatty acids were identified (g/100 g of oil); (C 18:2 n-6) and (C 18:3 n-3), and as the main phytosterols the compounds brassicasterol, β-sitosterol, stigmasterol, campesterol, and 7-ketoestigmasterol. Samples of the culinary herbs presented significant phenolic contents (mg GAE/g), flavonoids (mg of quercetin equivalent (Q E)/g) and total carotenoids (μg/g). In this study, 24 phenolic compounds in the extracts (80:20) methanol/water were also identified by UPLC-ESI-MS in the parsley, chives and green-odor samples, among which were protocatecuic acid, luteolin, kaempferol, quercetin and ferulic acid. Aromatic herbs also presented good values of antioxidant properties in vitro; DPPH ranged from 51.59 to 54.92%; ABTS from 5.12 to 8.29 (μmol TE/g) and FRAP from 6.33 to 8.32 (μmol TE/g). The tests of the bioactive compounds of the aromatic herbs the extracts presented antioxidant action in the yeasts (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), reducing the effects of the oxidative stress caused by the hydrogen peroxide. This study was the first to evaluate the formation of cholesterol oxides products (COPs) in sardine fillets thermally processed using air-fryer, oil-free. The results of the two thermal processes, air-fryer and electric grill, showed a significant impact on the levels of n-3 PUFAs, losses in cholesterol levels and increase of COP levels in control sardine samples. On the other hand, were tested the addition of fresh herbs, parsley, chives and cheiro-verde at 2 and 4% levels in sardines submitted to heat, proving to be effective as natural antioxidants in the preservation of cholesterol levels and PUFAs, eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic (DHA) acids, and in reducing the total levels of POCs. The additions of 4% of parsley and 4% of cheiro-verde were the most effective against the lipid oxidation of the sardines treated thermally. This suggests a probable synergistic effect between the antioxidant compounds found in parsley and chives. Thus, it is concluded that the culinary herbs evaluated in this study can be considered as alternatives sources of natural antioxidants to be used in the inhibition of lipid oxidation during the thermal preparation of sardines.eng
dc.contributor.advisor1Saldanha, Tatiana
dc.contributor.advisor-co1Sampaio, Geni Rodrigues
dc.contributor.referee1Freitas, Rosana Aparecida Manolio Soares
dc.contributor.referee2Porte, Alexandre
dc.contributor.referee3Castro, Rosane Nora de
dc.contributor.referee4Chaves, Douglas Siqueira de Almeida
dc.creator.IDCPF: 048.043.956-79por
dc.creator.Latteshttp://lattes.cnpq.br/5241050471599565por
dc.publisher.countryBrasilpor
dc.publisher.departmentInstituto de Tecnologiapor
dc.publisher.initialsUFRRJpor
dc.publisher.programPrograma de Pós-Graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentospor
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dc.subject.cnpqCiência e Tecnologia de Alimentospor
dc.thumbnail.urlhttps://tede.ufrrj.br/retrieve/67827/2019%20-%20Fernanda%20Silva%20Ferreira.pdf.jpg*
dc.originais.urihttps://tede.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/jspui/5304
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