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| DC Field | Value | Language |
|---|---|---|
| dc.contributor.author | Giordano, Damián Francisco | |
| dc.date.accessioned | 2023-12-21T18:45:57Z | - |
| dc.date.available | 2023-12-21T18:45:57Z | - |
| dc.date.issued | 2022-07-04 | |
| dc.identifier.citation | GIORDANO, Damián Francisco. Control de la viruela tardía del maní causada por Nothopassalora personata mediante la aplicación de microorganismos solos o combinados con fungicidas. 2022. 183 f. Tese (Doutorado em Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação em Agropecuária) - Pró-Reitoria de Pesquisa e Pós-Graduação, Universidad Nacional de Rio Cuarto/Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Argentina/Brasil, 2022. | por |
| dc.identifier.uri | https://rima.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/20.500.14407/9850 | - |
| dc.description.abstract | Argentina se posiciona entre los principales productores y exportadores de maní (Arachis hypogaea L.), la mayor parte de la producción se desarrolla en la provincia de Córdoba, aunque el cultivo se ha ido desplazando debido principalmente a las enfermedades fúngicas que afectan su producción. La viruela tardía (Nothopassalora personata), es una de las enfermedades más importantes a nivel mundial, con pérdidas que pueden ser elevadas bajo condiciones ambientales favorables y falta de medidas de manejo adecuadas. La principal herramienta para su control es la aplicación de fungicidas, sin embargo se han encontrado escapes de la enfermedad, posiblemente por el surgimiento de subpoblaciones del patógeno resistentes a ciertos principios activos, a lo que se suma la mayor presión social y de los países importadores por reducir el uso de pesticidas y apuntar hacia un manejo integrado. Dentro de este esquema, el control biológico es una herramienta con gran potencial, que se viene estudiando fuertemente en diferentes patosistemas. Con el objetivo de aportar herramientas para el manejo integrado de la enfermedad, se estudiaron las cepas Trichoderma harzianum ITEM 3636 y Pseudomonas putida RC-93 y la aplicación de fungicidas químicos. En ensayos de laboratorio y mediante microscopía electrónica, se evaluó la aplicación de ITEM 3636 a las semillas, y su comportamiento luego de la germinación, mediante microscopía confocal. Se llevaron a cabo ensayos de invernadero para estudiar el efecto de la aplicación de ambas cepas en la emergencia, crecimiento y producción de las plantas, sobre la intensidad de viruela tardía y posibles cambios en enzimas relacionadas con la inducción de defensas. Finalmente, en ensayos a campo, se evaluó el efecto de estos microorganismos inoculados en las semillas y la aplicación foliar de fungicidas, frente a la enfermedad y su impacto en el rendimiento. La aplicación de ITEM 3636 a las semillas, fue compatible con el uso de fungicidas curasemillas y el adherente utilizado permitió su correcta dispersión; a su vez, se pudo comprobar su comportamiento como endófito de las raíces de maní. Ninguna de las cepas generó problemas en la emergencia y RC-93 logró un mayor crecimiento de las raíces en condiciones de invernadero, donde ambas cepas disminuyeron la intensidad de la enfermedad, sin encontrar diferencias en la actividad enzimática evaluada. A campo, la enfermedad disminuyó solamente con los fungicidas, entre los que resaltó la aplicación de clorotalonil y una mezcla que contenía una carboxamida; en cuanto al rendimiento, sólo se observó mayor producción de granos calidad confitería con la aplicación de ITEM 3636 en dos ensayos respecto al testigo. Estas cepas representan una potencial herramienta para incluir dentro de un programa de manejo integrado de viruela tardía del maní, es importante continuar con la investigación para encontrar la mejor forma de aplicación y descifrar los mecanismos involucrados en el biocontrol. | por |
| dc.description.sponsorship | Secretaría de Ciencia y Técnica, UNRC (PPI 2016-2019 y 2019-2022) | por |
| dc.description.sponsorship | CONICET (PIP 11220170100718CO 2017-2019) | por |
| dc.description.sponsorship | Agencia Nacional de Promoción de la Investigación, el Desarrollo Tecnológico y la Innovación (PICT-2018-04057, 2019-2022 – PICT-2017-2740, 2018-2022) | por |
| dc.description.sponsorship | Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnología (PID 2019-2021) | por |
| dc.format | application/pdf | * |
| dc.language | por | por |
| dc.publisher | Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro | por |
| dc.rights | Acesso Aberto | por |
| dc.subject | biocontrol | spa |
| dc.subject | manejo integrado | spa |
| dc.subject | Viruela tardia del mani | spa |
| dc.subject | Arachishypogaea | spa |
| dc.subject | Trichoderma harzianum ITEM 3636 | spa |
| dc.subject | Pseudomonas putida RC-93 | spa |
| dc.title | Control de la viruela tardía del maní causada por Nothopassalora personata mediante la aplicación de microorganismos solos o combinados con fungicidas | por |
| dc.type | Tese | por |
| dc.description.abstractOther | Argentina is one of the main peanuts (Arachis hypogaea L.) producing and exporting countries, the major production of this crop takes place in Cordoba province. Lately the production area has migrated mainly because of the peanut fungal diseases. Late leaf spot (Nothopassalora personata) is one of the most important diseases worldwide, reaching high yield losses under favorable weather conditions and lack of proper management measures. The main tool for its control is the application of fungicides, however it has been observed that this tool can lose its effectiveness, possibly due to the emergence of fungal subpopulations which are resistant to certain active ingredients. In addition to this, there is a high pressure from society and the peanut importing countries to reduce the use of pesticides and to aim towards a integrated disease management. In this approach, biological control is a tool with big potential, which has been studied hardly in different pathosystems. With the goal of contributing with some integrated management tools for this disease, the isolates Trichoderma harzianum ITEM 3636 and Pseudomonas putida RC-93 and the application of chemical fungicides were studied. In laboratory assays and through electron microscopy, it was tested the application of ITEM 3636 on seeds and its behavior after germination, by means of laser scanning confocal microscopy. Experiments in greenhouse were carried out in order to study the effect of the application of both isolates on the plant emergency, growth and production, late leaf spot intensity and possible changes in the activity of enzymes related with defense induction. Finally, the effect on the disease and the impact on crop yield of the microorganisms application on seeds and fungicides foliar application were evaluated through field assays. The application of ITEM 3636 on seeds were compatible with the use of chemical fungicides on it and the adherent used allowed a correct dispersion; furthermore, the behavior of the isolate as endophyte in peanut roots was confirmed. None of the isolates caused problems on peanut emergency, and RC-93 achieved a bigger root growth under greenhouse conditions. Both isolates were able to decrease the disease intensity, but no differences on the enzymatic activity were found. On field tests, the disease only decreased with the use of fungicides, standing out chlorothalonil and a mixture that contained a carboxamide; regarding the yield, a greater production of confectionary quality grains was obtained only with the application of ITEM 3636 in two assays when comparing with the control. These isolates represent a potential tool to be included in an integrated management program of peanut late leaf spot, it is important to continue the research in order to find the best application form and to decipher the mechanisms involved in the biocontrol. | eng |
| dc.description.abstractOther | A Argentina está entre os principais produtores e exportadores de amendoim (Arachis hypogaea L.), a maior parte da produção está localizada na província de Córdoba, embora a cultura tenha migrado principalmente devido a doenças fúngicas que afetam sua produção. A mancha preta do amendoim (Nothopassalora personata), é uma das doenças mais importantes a nível mundial, com perdas que podem ser elevadas em condições ambientais favoráveis e na falta de medidas adequadas. A principal ferramenta para o seu controle é a aplicação de fungicidas, porém sua eficiência pode sofrer redução, possivelmente devido ao surgimento de subpopulações de patógenos resistentes a determinados princípios ativos, além da maior pressão social e dos países importadores para reduzir o uso de pesticidas e visando o manejo integrado. Nesse contexto, o controle biológico é uma ferramenta com grande potencial, que vem sendo bastante estudada em diferentes patossistemas. Com o objetivo de fornecer ferramentas para o manejo integrado da doença, foram estudadas as cepas Trichoderma harzianum ITEM 3636 e Pseudomonas putida RC-93 e a aplicação de fungicidas químicos. Em testes de laboratório e por microscopia eletrônica, a aplicação da ITEM 3636 nas sementes, e seu comportamento após a germinação, foi avaliada por microscopia confocal. Testes em estufa foram realizados para estudar o efeito da aplicação de ambas as linhagens na emergência, crescimento e produção das plantas, na intensidade da mancha preta e possíveis alterações nas enzimas relacionadas à indução de defesas. Por fim, em ensaios de campo, avaliou-se o efeito desses microrganismos inoculados nas sementes e a aplicação foliar de fungicidas contra a doença e seu impacto na produtividade. A aplicação da ITEM 3636 nas sementes foi compatível com o uso de fungicidas de tratamento de sementes e o aderente utilizado permitiu sua correta dispersão; além disso, verificou-se seu comportamento como endófito de raízes de amendoim. Nenhuma das linhagens gerou redução na emergência e a RC-93 obteve maior crescimento radicular em estufa, onde ambas as linhagens diminuíram a intensidade da doença, sem observar diferenças na atividade enzimática avaliada. Em campo, a doença foi reduzida apenas com a utilização de fungicidas, entre os quais se destacou a aplicação de clorotalonil e uma mistura contendo uma carboxamida. Em termos de produtividade, uma maior produção de grãos de qualidade para confeitaria só foi observada com a aplicação da ITEM 3636 em dois ensaios em relação ao controle. Essas cepas representam uma potencial ferramenta a ser incluída em um programa de manejo integrado da mancha preta do amendoim. Por este motivo, é importante continuar com as pesquisas para encontrar a melhor forma de aplicação e decifrar os mecanismos envolvidos no biocontrole dessa doença. | por |
| dc.contributor.advisor1 | Torres, Adriana Mabel | |
| dc.contributor.advisor1ID | DNI 16.330.436 | por |
| dc.contributor.advisor-co1 | Oddino, Claudio Marcelo | |
| dc.contributor.advisor-co1ID | DNI 24.119.489 | por |
| dc.contributor.advisor-co2 | Coelho, Irene da Silva | |
| dc.contributor.advisor-co2ID | 044.355.796-93 | por |
| dc.creator.ID | DNI 35.915.292 | por |
| dc.publisher.country | Brasil | por |
| dc.publisher.department | Pró-Reitoria de Pesquisa e Pós-Graduação | por |
| dc.publisher.initials | UFRRJ | por |
| dc.publisher.program | Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação em Agropecuária | por |
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