Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://rima.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/20.500.14407/17718
Tipo do documento: Tese
Title: Pedogênese e alterações geoquímicas em topolitossequências na Bacia do Ribeirão do Cachambal, na região do Médio Vale do Paraiba, RJ
Other Titles: Pedogenesis and geochemical alterations of topolithosequences in the Ribeirão do Cachimbal Basin in the Middle Paraíba Valley region, RJ
Authors: Santos, Adailde do Carmo
Orientador(a): Pereira, Marcos Gervasio
Primeiro coorientador: Anjos, Lúcia Helena Cunha dos
Segundo coorientador: Cooper, Miguel
Primeiro membro da banca: Pereira, Marcos Gervasio
Segundo membro da banca: Nummer, Alexis Rosa
Terceiro membro da banca: Paisani, Júlio César
Quarto membro da banca: Santos, Humberto Gonçalves dos
Quinto membro da banca: Nacif, Paulo Gabriel Soledade
Keywords: Rocha ígnea;Rocha ígnea;Micromorfologia;Micromorfologia;Mineralogia de solo;Mineralogia de solo;Taxonomia de solo;Taxonomia de solo;Igneous rock;Igneous rock;Micromorphology;Micromorphology;Soil mineralogy;Soil mineralogy;Soil taxonomy;Soil taxonomy
Área(s) do CNPq: Agronomia
Agronomia
Idioma: por
Issue Date: 27-Feb-2009
Publisher: Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro
Sigla da instituição: UFRRJ
Departamento: Instituto de Agronomia
Programa: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Agronomia - Ciência do Solo
Citation: SANTOS, Adailde do Carmo. Pedogênese e alterações geoquímicas em topolitossequências na Bacia do Ribeirão do Cachimbal na Região do Médio Vale do Paraíba, RJ. 2009. 241f. Tese (Doutorado em Agronomia, Ciência do Solo). Instituto de Agronomia, Departamento de Solos, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro. Seropédica, RJ, 2009.
Abstract: O estudo foi realizado no município de Pinheiral, sudoeste do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, na microbacia do Ribeirão do Cachimbal. O objetivo geral foi estudar a gênese dos solos de três topolitossequências e sua classificação. Foram selecionadas três sequências, sendo duas originadas de rochas básicas (T1- basalto e T3- gabro) e uma de natureza ácida (T2- muscovita-biotita gnaisse). Em cada uma foram abertas trincheiras nas posições de topo (P1); terço superior (P2); terço médio (P3); terço inferior (P4) da encosta e plano de várzea (P5), em T3 este último ponto não foi amostrado. Os perfis foram descritos, amostrados e caracterizadas as propriedades físicas, químicas, mineralógicas e a micromorfologia. A pedoforma foi avaliada através de geoprocessamento de fotografias aéreas e imagem de satélite. Os resultados permitiram relacionar o grau de evolução dos solos com o material de origem e a posição no relevo. Na sequência T1 foram observados NITOSSOLOS HÁPLICOS no topo e terço inferior da vertente, LATOSSOLOS VERMELHO-AMARELOS nos terço superior e médio e GLEISSOLO HÁPLICO na várzea. Todos os solos de T1, com exceção do GLEISSOLO apresentaram elevado grau de maturidade pedogenética e alteração geoquímica avançada, refletidos por atributos tais como: cor avermelhada do solo, estrutura em blocos, pH ácido, valor S variando de 1 a 9 cmolc kg-1, CTC de 4 a 17 cmolc kg-1 e teores de sílica < 50%, domínio de quartzo na fração areia e minerais de argila 1:1. Na sequência T2 encontrou-se CAMBISSOLO HÁPLICO no topo e terço médio da vertente, ARGISSOLO VERMELHO-AMARELO no terço superior, ARGISSOLO AMARELO no terço inferior e GLEISSOLO HÁPLICO na várzea, e os atributos dos solos expressam menor maturidade pedogenética e grau de alteração, em relação a sequência T1, tais como a presença de feldspatos e micas na fração areia, também visualizados na micromorfologia; assim como, elevados valores de ki e baixos valores de superfície específica, indicativos de solos poucos intemperizados. Os solos da sequência T3 têm o menor grau de intemperismo, indicado pela presença de piroxênios e feldspatos na fração areia e de montmorilonita. Os solos foram classificados como NEOSSOLO REGOLÍTICO, no topo de vertente e CHERNOSSOLO ARGILÚVICO no terço superior, médio e inferior. Os solos da T3 têm cores brunadas, estrutura em blocos e prismática, pH ligeiramente alcalino, valor S de 15 a 24 cmolc kg-1, CTC de 12 a 22 cmolc kg-1 e teores de sílica < 60%. Também nesta sequência a cerosidade foi expressiva, com feições como argilãs, ferri-argilãs e nódulos em grande frequência na micromorfologia. O processo pedogenético na maioria dos solos é caracterizado por atributos que sugerem caráter transicional. Solos em T1 têm características nitossólicas e latossólicas, ou seja pedogênese no sentido Nitossolos-Latossolos; já a sequência T2 mescla características cambissólicas e argissólicas, com processo evolutivo de Cambissolos para Argissolos. A T3, de solos mais jovens, não mostra essas características. Essas indicações resultam principalmente da micromorfologia e mineralogia e os perfis foram todos classificados no quarto nível (sub-grupo) como típicos, o que mostra a fragilidade do uso quase que exclusivo de atributos macromorfológicos, físicos e químicos para definir os quatro níveis categóricos no SiBCS.
Abstract: This study was conducted in the municipality of Pinheiral, southwest of Rio de Janeiro State, in the Ribeirão do Cachimbal basin. The general objective was to study pedogenesis in three topolithosequence and soil classification. There were selected three sequences, two originated from basic rock (basalt-T1 and gabro-T3), and one from gneiss-granite type (muscovite-biotite gneiss-T2). In each sequence trenches were dug in the upperslope (P1), shoulder (P2), backslope (P3), footslope (T4), and floodplain (P5) positions, this last was not sample in T3. The profiles were described, sampled, and characterized fro the physical, chemical, mineralogical and micromorphological properties. Landform was evaluated by geoprocessing of aerial photographs and satellite image. The results allowed relating degree of soil development with parent material and landscaping position. In the T1 sequence the soil were classified according to Soil Taxonomy as Typic Hapludult in the upperslope, Typic Hapludox in shoulder and backslope, Typic Hapludalf in footslope, and Typic Endoaquent at the floodplain. All the soils of sequence T1, with the exception of the Entisol (P5), showed a high pedogenesis development and geochemical alteration, indicated by attributes such as: reddish soil matrix, blocky structure, acid pH, sum of bases ranging from 1 to 9 cmolc kg-1, CEC from 4 to 17 cmolc kg-1, silica content of less than <50%, mainly quartz in the sand fraction, and clay minerals of 1:1 type. At the T2 sequence the soils were Oxic Dystrudept in upperslope, Typic Hapludult in shoulder and backslope, Ultic Hapludalf in footslope, and Typic Endoaquent at flood plain. The soil attributes indicated less pedogenesis development and degree of alteration than in T1 sequence, such as the presence of feldspar and mica in sand fraction, confirmed by the micromorphology, as well as high ki value and low specific surface, which are indicative of less weathered soils. The soils of T3 sequence showed the lowest degree of weathering, confirmed by presence of pyroxenes and feldspars in the sand fraction, and montorillonite in the clay fraction. The soils were classified as Typic Udorthents at upperslope, and the other positions as Typic Argiudolls. The soils on T3 showed brown colors, blocky and prismatic structure, slightly alkaline pH, sum of bases from 15 to 24 cmolc kg-1, CEC from 12 to 22 cmolc kg-1, and silica content lower than 60%. Also in this sequence it was observed expressive presence of clay skins, with features such as argillans, ferriargillans, and nodules frequent in the micromorphology. The pedogenesis of most studied soils is characterized by attributes that indicate an intermediate character. Soil in T1 have oxic and argillic characteristics, which means genesis intermediate between Ultisols and Oxisols. The soils in T2 mix characteristics of Inceptisols and Ultisols or Alfisols. T3, which has younger soils, did not show this intermediate nature of the soils. These assumptions were mainly resulting from micromorphological and mineralogical analysis, though in the Brazilian system the profiles were all classified as typic in the fourth level. This show how fragile is the usage almost exclusive of morphological (macro), physical and chemical data to define the four upper taxonomic levels in the Brazilian soil classification system.
This study was conducted in the municipality of Pinheiral, southwest of Rio de Janeiro State, in the Ribeirão do Cachimbal basin. The general objective was to study pedogenesis in three topolithosequence and soil classification. There were selected three sequences, two originated from basic rock (basalt-T1 and gabro-T3), and one from gneiss-granite type (muscovite-biotite gneiss-T2). In each sequence trenches were dug in the upperslope (P1), shoulder (P2), backslope (P3), footslope (T4), and floodplain (P5) positions, this last was not sample in T3. The profiles were described, sampled, and characterized fro the physical, chemical, mineralogical and micromorphological properties. Landform was evaluated by geoprocessing of aerial photographs and satellite image. The results allowed relating degree of soil development with parent material and landscaping position. In the T1 sequence the soil were classified according to Soil Taxonomy as Typic Hapludult in the upperslope, Typic Hapludox in shoulder and backslope, Typic Hapludalf in footslope, and Typic Endoaquent at the floodplain. All the soils of sequence T1, with the exception of the Entisol (P5), showed a high pedogenesis development and geochemical alteration, indicated by attributes such as: reddish soil matrix, blocky structure, acid pH, sum of bases ranging from 1 to 9 cmolc kg-1, CEC from 4 to 17 cmolc kg-1, silica content of less than <50%, mainly quartz in the sand fraction, and clay minerals of 1:1 type. At the T2 sequence the soils were Oxic Dystrudept in upperslope, Typic Hapludult in shoulder and backslope, Ultic Hapludalf in footslope, and Typic Endoaquent at flood plain. The soil attributes indicated less pedogenesis development and degree of alteration than in T1 sequence, such as the presence of feldspar and mica in sand fraction, confirmed by the micromorphology, as well as high ki value and low specific surface, which are indicative of less weathered soils. The soils of T3 sequence showed the lowest degree of weathering, confirmed by presence of pyroxenes and feldspars in the sand fraction, and montorillonite in the clay fraction. The soils were classified as Typic Udorthents at upperslope, and the other positions as Typic Argiudolls. The soils on T3 showed brown colors, blocky and prismatic structure, slightly alkaline pH, sum of bases from 15 to 24 cmolc kg-1, CEC from 12 to 22 cmolc kg-1, and silica content lower than 60%. Also in this sequence it was observed expressive presence of clay skins, with features such as argillans, ferriargillans, and nodules frequent in the micromorphology. The pedogenesis of most studied soils is characterized by attributes that indicate an intermediate character. Soil in T1 have oxic and argillic characteristics, which means genesis intermediate between Ultisols and Oxisols. The soils in T2 mix characteristics of Inceptisols and Ultisols or Alfisols. T3, which has younger soils, did not show this intermediate nature of the soils. These assumptions were mainly resulting from micromorphological and mineralogical analysis, though in the Brazilian system the profiles were all classified as typic in the fourth level. This show how fragile is the usage almost exclusive of morphological (macro), physical and chemical data to define the four upper taxonomic levels in the Brazilian soil classification system.
URI: https://rima.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/20.500.14407/17718
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