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dc.contributor.authorJesus, Daiana Souza de-
dc.date.accessioned2024-10-02T15:24:28Z-
dc.date.available2024-10-02T15:24:28Z-
dc.date.issued2023-10-26-
dc.identifier.citationJESUS, Daiana Souza de. Melhoria das propriedades físicas, acústicas, mecânicas e biológicas da madeira pela técnica de acetilação. 2023. 112 f. Tese (Doutorado em Ciências Ambientais e Florestais) - Instituto de Florestas, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, 2023.pt_BR
dc.identifier.urihttps://rima.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/20.500.14407/18391-
dc.description.abstractA acetilação com anidrido acético surge como um método promissor para melhorar as propriedades da madeira, reduzindo sua sensibilidade à umidade, aumentando a estabilidade dimensional e a durabilidade. Este processo químico, que cria grupos acetila hidrofóbicos na parede celular, resulta em uma madeira mais resistente e durável, sendo comercializada como alternativa a materiais como madeiras tropicais, plásticos, metais e concreto. O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar o efeito do tratamento químico por acetilação nas propriedades físicas, acústicas, mecânicas e degradação biológica em uma madeira de conífera (pinus) e uma folhosa (marupá). Corpos de prova foram confeccionados em diferentes dimensões, de acordo com os ensaios a serem realizados: 25×30×50 mm (radial × tangencial × longitudinal) para ensaios de estabilidade dimensional, 20×20×10 mm para ensaios biológicos e réguas nas dimensões de 5×35×300 mm para os demais ensaios. As amostras foram acetiladas com anidrido acético aquecidas a duas diferentes temperaturas: 100 ou 120 °C e mantidas por 1 hora ou por 2 horas. Foram testados três métodos de secagem antes da acetilação: madeira seca em estufa a 103+/- 2°C; madeira seca em estufa a 60 °C com a aplicação de vácuo a -720 mmHg; Madeira seca com pentóxido de fósforo (P2O5) em temperatura ambiente. O ganho percentual de peso (WPG) foi calculado para determinar a eficiência da acetilação. A densidade aparente, o teor de umidade de equilíbrio, as contrações lineares (tangencial, radial e longitudinal) e volumétrica e o ponto de saturação das fibras foram determinadas de acordo com a norma ABNT NBR 7190/97. O módulo de elasticidade estático (MOE) foi determinado de forma não destrutiva, conforme a norma ABNT NBR 7190/22 em uma máquina de ensaio universal Contenco UMC 300. Os ensaios não destrutivos de propagação de ondas foram realizados por meio do método de vibração transversal em um equipamento adaptado, e os dados foram analisados utilizando o software Fast Fourier Analyzer (FFT Analyzer) da FAKOPP® Enterprise. Para avaliar a capacidade de deterioração das madeiras, o fungo Postia placenta (causador da podridão parda) foi utilizado seguindo a norma ASTM D-2017 (1994) ao longo de 16 semanas de exposição. O tratamento por acetilação com os maiores WPG reduziram o inchamento da madeira nas diferentes direções (volumétrico, tangencial e radial), diminuíram a umidade de equilíbrio e o Ponto de saturação das fibras para as duas espécies estudadas. A densidade aparente diminuiu nos tratamentos de 1 hora e aumentou nos tratamentos de 2 horas, para as duas espécies estudadas. Para o pinus, a acetilação resultou em aumento da densidade, enquanto para o marupá, houve redução nas médias de densidade em todos os tratamentos. A frequência de ressonância aumentou nos tratamentos de 1 hora a 100 oC para ambas as espécies, diminuindo ou não apresentando diferença significativa nos demais tratamentos. Adicionalmente, a acetilação resultou em uma redução no decremento logarítmico (DL) para a madeira de ambas as espécies em todos os tratamentos. O módulo de elasticidade dinâmico (MOEd) e o módulo de elasticidade estático (MOE) aumentaram para a maioria dos tratamentos de pinus, enquanto diminuíram para a madeira de marupá. Nos tratamentos de acetilação, houve um aumento correspondente no ângulo de contato. As análises colorimétricas revelaram que os tratamentos a 100 oC e 120 oC por 2 horas preservaram a cor da madeira, mesmo após 42 e 120 horas de exposição UV. Isso destaca a eficácia desses tratamentos de acetilação na resistência à fotodegradação da madeira de pinus e marupá, evidenciando seu potencial para aplicações em ambientes externos sujeitos à exposição prolongada à radiação UV. Observou-se uma perda significativa de massa após a acetilação da madeira de pinus, chegando a até 58%, possivelmente devido à preferência do fungo por coníferas. No entanto, tratamentos com maiores ganhos de peso (WPG) demonstraram eficácia na redução da perda de massa. Para o marupá, os tratamentos por acetilação revelaram-se eficazes na redução da deterioração, com uma diminuição de até 88,41% na perda de massa para a madeira tratada por 2 horas a 120 °C com secagem com P2O5, em comparação com a amostra não tratada (controle).pt_BR
dc.description.sponsorshipCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPESpt_BR
dc.languageporpt_BR
dc.publisherUniversidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiropt_BR
dc.subjectMadeirapt_BR
dc.subjectModificação químicapt_BR
dc.subjectEstabilidade dimensionalpt_BR
dc.subjectDurabilidade da madeirapt_BR
dc.subjectWoodpt_BR
dc.subjectChemical alterationpt_BR
dc.subjectDimensional stabilitypt_BR
dc.subjectWood durabilitypt_BR
dc.titleMelhoria das propriedades físicas, acústicas, mecânicas e biológicas da madeira pela técnica de acetilaçãopt_BR
dc.title.alternativeImprovement of the physical, acoustic, mechanical and biological properties of wood using the acetylation techniqueen
dc.typeTesept_BR
dc.description.abstractOtherAcetylation with acetic anhydride appears as a promising method to improve the properties of wood, reducing its sensitivity to humidity, increasing dimensional stability and durability. This chemical process, which creates hydrophobic acetylated groups in the cell wall, results in more resistant and durable wood, being sold as an alternative to materials such as tropical woods, plastics, metals and concrete. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of chemical treatment by acetylation on the physical, acoustic, mechanical properties and biological manipulation of coniferous wood (pine) and hardwood (marupá). Test specimens were made in different dimensions, according to the tests to be carried out: 25×30×50 mm (radial × tangential × longitudinal) for dimensional stability tests, 20×20×10 mm for biological tests and rulers in dimensions of 5×35×300 mm for the other tests. The samples were acetylated with acetic anhydride heated to two different temperatures: 100 or 120 °C and kept for 1 hour or 2 hours. Three drying methods were tested before acetylation: oven-dried wood at 103+/- 2°C; oven- dried wood at 60 °C with vacuum application at -720 mmHg; Dry wood with phosphorus pentoxide (P2O5) at room temperature. Percent weight gain (WPG) was calculated to determine acetylation efficiency. The apparent density, equilibrium moisture content, linear (tangential, radial and longitudinal) and volumetric contractions and the saturation point of the fibers were determined in accordance with the ABNT NBR 7190/22 standard. The static modulus of elasticity (MOE) was determined non-destructively, in accordance with the ABNT NBR 7190/22 standard, on a Contenco UMC 300 universal testing machine. Non-destructive wave propagation tests were carried out using the vibration method cross section on adapted equipment, and the data were analyzed using the Fast Fourier Analyzer (FFT Analyzer) software from FAKOPP® Enterprise. To evaluate the wood's restriction capacity, the fungus Postia placenta (which causes brown rot) was used following the ASTM D-2017 (1994) standard over 16 weeks of exposure. Acetylation treatment with the highest WPG reduced the wood swell in the different specifications (volumetric, tangential and radial), reduced the equilibrium moisture content and the saturation point of the fibers for the two scientific species. The apparent density decreased in the 1-hour treatments and increased in the 2-hour treatments, for the two specific species. For pine, acetylation resulted in an increase in density, while for marupá, there was a reduction in average density in all treatments. The resonance frequency increased in the 1-hour treatments at 100 oC for both species, whether or not there was a significant difference in the other treatments. Furthermore, acetylation demonstrated a reduction in logarithmic decrement (LD) for wood of both species across all treatments. The sound modulus of elasticity (MOEd) and the aesthetic modulus of elasticity (MOE) increased for most pine treatments, while they decreased for marupá wood. In acetylation treatments, there was a corresponding increase in the contact angle. Colorimetric analyzes revealed that treatments at 100 oC and 120 oC for 2 hours preserved the color of the wood, even after 42 and 120 hours of UV exposure. This highlights the effectiveness of these acetylation treatments in resisting photodegradation of pine and marupá wood, highlighting their potential for applications in external environments subject to prolonged exposure to UV radiation. A significant loss of mass was observed after acetylation of pine wood, reaching up to 58%, possibly due to the fungus' preference for conifers. However, treatments with greater weight gains (WPG) have demonstrated efficacy in reducing mass loss. For marupá, acetylation treatments proved to be effective in reducing interference, with a reduction of up to 88.41% in mass loss for wood treated for 2 hours at 120 °C with drying with P2O5, compared to untreated sample (control).en
dc.contributor.advisor1Nascimento, Alexandre Miguel do-
dc.contributor.advisor1IDhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-5347-5577pt_BR
dc.contributor.advisor1Latteshttp://lattes.cnpq.br/3579375199519821pt_BR
dc.contributor.referee1Nascimento, Alexandre Miguel do-
dc.contributor.referee1IDhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-5347-5577pt_BR
dc.contributor.referee1Latteshttp://lattes.cnpq.br/3579375199519821pt_BR
dc.contributor.referee2Trevisan, Henrique-
dc.contributor.referee2IDhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-0155-231Xpt_BR
dc.contributor.referee2Latteshttp://lattes.cnpq.br/2760790628174618pt_BR
dc.contributor.referee3Oliveira, Renata Nunes-
dc.contributor.referee3IDhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-9782-269Xpt_BR
dc.contributor.referee3Latteshttp://lattes.cnpq.br/9026953896544145pt_BR
dc.contributor.referee4Gonçalves, Fabricio Gomes-
dc.contributor.referee4IDhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-2010-9508pt_BR
dc.contributor.referee4Latteshttp://lattes.cnpq.br/0616694853822879pt_BR
dc.contributor.referee5Segundinho, Pedro Gutemberg de Alcântara-
dc.contributor.referee5IDhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-4393-8686pt_BR
dc.contributor.referee5Latteshttp://lattes.cnpq.br/0125088071269647pt_BR
dc.creator.Latteshttp://lattes.cnpq.br/3889585414338463pt_BR
dc.publisher.countryBrasilpt_BR
dc.publisher.departmentInstituto de Florestaspt_BR
dc.publisher.initialsUFRRJpt_BR
dc.publisher.programPrograma de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Ambientais e Florestaispt_BR
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